2020年9月8日上午，國務委員兼外長王毅在「抓住數字機遇，共謀合作發展」國際研討會高級別會議上發表題為《堅守多邊主義 倡導公平正義 攜手合作共贏》的主旨講話，提出《全球數據安全倡議》。
堅守多邊主義 倡導公平正義 攜手合作共贏
——在全球數字治理研討會上的主旨講話
2020年9月8日，中華人民共和國國務院國務委員 王毅
各位嘉賓，
各位同事，
女士們，先生們，朋友們：
本次研討會以「抓住數字機遇，共謀合作發展」為主題，恰當其時。希望各位專家學者和行業領袖一道，展望數字經濟發展前景，共商應對數據安全風險之策，共謀全球數字治理之道。
今天的世界，正處在新一輪科技革命和產業變革蓄勢待發的歷史時刻。各國面臨的共同任務是，促進數字和實體經濟融合發展，加速新舊發展動能轉換，打造新的產業和新的業態。
席捲全球的新冠肺炎疫情，是對各國以及全球治理能力的重大考驗。人工智慧、大數據、雲計算等數位技術在各國抗擊疫情進程中快速發展，遠程辦公、雲端經濟等新業態為維持社會正常運轉，對衝經濟下行壓力發揮了重要作用。
最新統計顯示，全球移動網際網路用戶已達到35億，數字經濟規模佔全球GDP比重已超過15%。全球數據爆發增長、海量集聚，如同新的「石油」，正在成為各國經濟發展和產業革新的動力源泉。
與此同時，數據安全風險與日俱增，攸關國家安全、公共利益和個人權利，對全球數字治理構成新的挑戰。大量數據頻繁跨境流動，從理念、立法、管理機制等方面考驗政府的治理能力。各國法律法規標準不一，也在推高全球企業的合規成本。面對全球數字治理的赤字，各國亟需加強溝通、建立互信，密切協調，深化合作。
各位嘉賓，
全球性問題需要全球性解決之道。習近平主席指出，各國雖然國情不同、網際網路發展階段不同、面臨的現實挑戰不同，但推動數字經濟發展的願望相同、應對網絡安全挑戰的利益相同、加強網絡空間治理的需求相同。各國應深化務實合作，走出一條互信共治之路，讓網絡空間命運共同體更具生機活力。
中方認為，有效應對數據安全的風險挑戰，應該遵循以下原則：
第一，秉持多邊主義。共商、共建、共享是解決全球數字治理赤字的正確出路。應在各方普遍參與的基礎上，達成反映各國意願、尊重各方利益的全球數據安全規則。個別國家大搞單邊主義，以「清潔」為名向別國潑髒水，以安全為藉口對其他國家領先企業進行全球圍獵，這是赤裸裸的霸凌行徑，應該予以反對和摒棄。
第二，兼顧安全發展。保護數據安全對數字經濟健康發展至關重要。各國都有權依法保護本國的數據安全。同時，也都應為所有企業提供開放、公正、非歧視的營商環境。數字保護主義違背經濟發展的客觀規律，不符合全球化的時代潮流，不但有損全球消費者公平獲得數字服務的權利，最終也會阻礙自身的發展。
第三，堅守公平正義。維護數字安全應以事實和法規為依據。把數據安全問題政治化，刻意搞雙重標準，甚至不惜造謠抹黑，違背國際關係基本準則，也嚴重幹擾和阻礙全球數字合作與發展。
各位嘉賓，
中國數字經濟正在蓬勃發展。中國網民數量超過9億，5G用戶數量快速增長，最新統計已超過8800萬，數字經濟總量超過GDP的三分之一。中國法律對於保障公民和組織的合法權益，包括數據安全和個人信息等，都做出了明確規定。中國政府嚴格踐行數據安全保護有關原則，沒有也不會要求中方企業違反別國法律向中國政府提供境外數據。
中國建設性參與聯合國、二十國集團、金磚國家、東協地區論壇等多邊平臺的數據安全討論，致力於為加強全球數字治理貢獻中國的智慧。為應對新問題新挑戰，中國願發起「全球數據安全倡議」，歡迎各方的積極參與。這一倡議的主要內容包括：
一是客觀理性看待數據安全，致力於維護全球供應鏈開放、安全和穩定。
二是反對利用信息技術破壞他國關鍵基礎設施或竊取重要數據。
三是採取措施防範和制止侵害個人信息的行為，不得濫用信息技術對他國進行大規模監控，或非法採集他國公民個人信息。
四是要求企業尊重當地法律，不得強制要求本國企業將境外產生、獲取的數據存儲在本國境內。
五是尊重他國主權、司法管轄權和對數據的管理權，不得直接向企業或個人調取位於他國的數據。
六是應通過司法協助等渠道解決執法跨境數據調取需求。
七是信息技術產品和服務供應企業不應在產品和服務中設置後門，非法獲取用戶數據。
八是信息技術企業不得利用用戶對產品依賴，謀取不正當利益。
我希望，中方發起的「全球數據安全倡議」能夠為制定數字安全國際規則提供一個藍本，開啟一個全球進程。我們期待各國政府、國際組織及所有利益攸關方共同參與，歡迎各國通過雙邊或地區協議等形式支持倡議中的有關承諾。我們也願本著開放的態度，聽取各方就倡議提出的有益建議。
希望各位嘉賓、專家學者和企業代表在今天的會議上暢所欲言，就加強數據安全保護、促進數字經濟集思廣益，建言獻策，共同推進全球數字治理，共同打造數字命運共同體。
預祝本次研討會取得圓滿成功！
Upholding Multilateralism, Fairness and Justice and Promoting Mutually Beneficial Cooperation-Keynote Speech by State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi At the International Seminar on Global Digital GovernanceBeijing, 8 September 2020
Distinguished Guests,
Colleagues,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
We are meeting under the theme "Seizing Digital Opportunities for Cooperation and Development", a topic that is highly relevant. I hope this seminar will be a prime opportunity for participants, from experts, scholars to business leaders, to look into the future of the digital economy, discuss ways to manage data security risks and promote global governance in the digital domain.
Our world today has come to a historic juncture. A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is in the making. Countries face the common task of integrating the digital economy with the real economy, speeding up the shift to new growth drivers, and cultivating new industries and new forms of business.
The global spread of COVID-19 has presented a major test to all countries and to our capacity of global governance. In the course of epidemic response, digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing, have made rapid progress. Telecommuting, cloud economy and other new business forms have played an important role in keeping the society running and countering the downward pressure on the economy.
According to the latest statistics, the number of mobile Internet users has reached 3.5 billion around the world, and the digital economy now takes up more than 15 percent of the global GDP. The explosive growth and aggregation of data, like the discovery of oil, is providing a new source of energy for economic growth and industrial transformation.
In the meantime, the mounting risks of data security have put national security, public interests and personal rights at stake, and posed new challenges to global digital governance. The frequent and massive cross-border data flow puts to the test the governance capacity of national governments in terms of governance philosophy, legislative framework and regulatory mechanism. The divergence of data laws and regulations in different countries has pushed up the compliance costs for global businesses. To reduce the deficit in global digital governance, countries face a pressing need to step up communication and coordination, build up mutual trust and deepen cooperation with one another.
Distinguished Guests,
Global issues call for global solutions. As President Xi Jinping pointed out, countries, although varied in national conditions, development stage of Internet and challenges, hold the same desire for promoting digital economy, same interests in tackling cybersecurity challenges and same expectations for strengthened cyberspace governance. Countries need to intensify pragmatic cooperation and embark on a path of mutual trust and collective governance, adding more vitality to a community with a shared future in cyberspace.
China believes that to effectively address the risks and challenges to data security, the following principles must be observed:
First, uphold multilateralism. Pursuing extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefits is the right way forward for addressing the deficit in global digital governance. It is important to develop a set of international rules on data security that reflect the will and respect the interests of all countries through broad-based participation. Bent on unilateral acts, a certain country keeps making groundless accusations against others in the name of "clean" network and used security as a pretext to prey on enterprises of other countries who have a competitive edge. Such blatant acts of bullying must be opposed and rejected.
Second, balance security and development. Protecting data security is essential for the sound growth of digital economy. Countries have the right to protect data security according to law. That said, they are also duty-bound to provide an open, fair and non-discriminatory environment for all businesses. Protectionism in the digital domain runs counter to the laws of economic development and the trend of globalization. Protectionist practices undermine the right of global consumers to equally access digital services and will eventually hold back the country's own development.
Third, ensure fairness and justice. Protection of digital security should be based on facts and the law. Politicization of security issues, double standards and slandering others violate the basic norms governing international relations, and seriously disrupt and hamper global digital cooperation and development.
Distinguished Guests,
Digital economy in China has been thriving. There are over 900 million netizens, including a fast growing group of 5G subscribers of 88 million, in China. Digital economy takes up more than one-third of China's GDP. We have clear legal provisions for protecting the lawful rights and interests of citizens and organizations, including data security and personal information. The Chinese government has acted in strict compliance with data security principles. We have not and will not ask Chinese companies to transfer data overseas to the government in breach of other countries' laws.
China has taken a constructive part in multilateral discussions on data security including at the UN, G20, BRICS and the ASEAN Regional Forum, contributing China's input to global digital governance. In view of the new issues and challenges emerging in this field, China would like to propose a Global Initiative on Data Security, and looks forward to the active participation of all parties. Let me briefly share with you the key points of our Initiative:
First, approach data security with an objective and rational attitude, and maintain an open, secure and stable global supply chain.
Second, oppose using ICT activities to impair other States' critical infrastructure or steal important data.
Third, take actions to prevent and put an end to activities that infringe upon personal information, oppose abusing ICT to conduct mass surveillance against other States or engage in unauthorized collection of personal information of other States.
Fourth, ask companies to respect the laws of host countries, desist from coercing domestic companies into storing data generated and obtained overseas in one's own territory.
Fifth, respect the sovereignty, jurisdiction and governance of data of other States, avoid asking companies or individuals to provide data located in other States without the latter's permission.
Sixth, meet law enforcement needs for overseas data through judicial assistance or other appropriate channels.
Seventh, ICT products and services providers should not install backdoors in their products and services to illegally obtain user data.
Eighth, ICT companies should not seek illegitimate interests by taking advantage of users' dependence on their products.
I hope the Chinese initiative will serve as a basis for international rules-making on data security and mark the start of a global process in this area. We look forward to the participation of national governments, international organizations and all other stakeholders, and call on States to support the commitments laid out in the Initiative through bilateral or regional agreements. We are also open-minded to good ideas and suggestions from all sides.
I encourage all of you to speak your mind at today's seminar and pool your insights and suggestions on data security and digital economy. By working together, we can jointly advance global digital governance and build a community with a shared future in the digital world.
In conclusion, I wish the seminar a great success!