英語單詞Manufacturing與Production的區別

Manufacturing usually finds its use in industrial sector. It is the process of tranforming different raw materials, components, and parts into final tangible goods by hands in factory or with the help of machine.

Manufacturing中文意思是藉助機器或者人力操作將原材料、半成品、零件等通過組裝、生產的方式轉化為視覺可見的、有形的成品的過程，也就是我們通常所說的製造業，廣泛使用在工業領域的一個術語。

Production has much wider meaning than Manufacturing. It emphasizes the conversion of input to output with or without the support from machinery. It is not only about goods but also it can be related to intangible outputs, such as services, ideas. The process of transforming both material and non-material inputs into final output is known as Production.

Production比Manufacturing有更豐富的語義。Production強調的是任何由輸入到輸出的轉換過程，這個轉換過程不一定需要藉助生產機器的參與。不僅可以用Production描述實實在在的有形的產品，也可以用來描述抽象的無形的成果、作品，比如提供的服務、創意創作等。

將物質以及非物質轉換成最終輸出的過程被稱為Production。

Manufacturing is production, but production is not only about manufacturing. In another word, manufacturing is subset of production. Tangible goods can be manufactured but intangible goods can only be produced.

Manufacturing是Production，但Production不一定是Manufacturing。也就是說，Manufacturing是Production的真子集。有形實在的產品可能是Manufacturing的結果，但無形抽象的產品肯定Production的結果。