考研英語之所以難是由於文章中到處都充斥著長難句，也就是句子不僅長而且結構複雜。而讀懂這些長難句是我們解題的關鍵之所在。要想讀懂，我們得學會去拆分，去識別出句子所包含的重要語法現象，其中關於倒裝結構是經常作為考查點而出現的。那麼，接下來，由老師重點梳理下相關知識點。
所謂的倒裝，是指句子並未按照正常的主謂結構去呈現語序，而是出於語法需要或平衡結構的需要，將謂語或謂語中的一部分移到主語之前。如果是將謂語全部移到主語之前，則為完全倒裝；如果是謂語中的一部分前置，則為部分倒裝。
一、介詞短語作狀語位於句首，謂語動詞是不及物動詞時，句子要完全倒裝。
例：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
二、here, there，now, then開頭的句子，句中的謂語動詞為不及物動詞時，句子要發生完全倒裝。
例：Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
三、表否定的副詞或短語位於句首，句子要發生部分倒裝。
常見否定副詞：not , not only ,few, barely,never , little , seldom , hardly,scarcely, ...
常見表否定的短語：in no way, by no means, at no time, under no circumstance...
例：Little dotheyknow about him.
Seldom doesshe come back on Sundays.
註：not only ... but also ...引導兩個並列句，前倒後不倒。
例：Not only doesshe do well in herlessons, but alsoshe often helps others with their lessons.
四、Only+狀語（從句）位於句首時，主句要部分倒裝。
例：Only then did I realize the importanceof English.
五、so…that結構中的倒裝。
如果要強調so所修飾的形容詞或副詞，常將so及它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時，主句要發生部分倒裝。
例：倒裝前：She runs so fast thatshe is far ahead of others.
倒裝後：So fast doesshe run thatshe is far ahead of others.
六、if引導的虛擬條件句中，如有were ( had , should ) , if則可省去，,把were，had，should提到主語前面，發生部分倒裝。
例：倒裝前Ifwehad come yesterday,wewould have seen him.
倒裝後Hadwecome yesterday,wewould have seen him.
七、as引導的讓步狀語從句，要發生部分倒裝。
1.副詞置於句首。
例：Much asshelike it (=Althoughshelike it very much), I will not buy it.
2.動詞置於句首。
例：Wait aswemay (= Althoughwemay wait), he will not seeus.
3.形容詞或名詞置於句首。
例：Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
註：當名詞前有形容詞修飾時，as引導的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。
例：A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
(責任編輯：張嬋)