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-本期編輯:杜文睿 李知非-
2021年 2月10日,駐印度大使孫衛東在印度青年領袖聯合會官方網站「政策紀事」發表署名文章《走人間正道,與世界同行——牛年的中國與世界》,指出在新的一年裡,中國將立足中華民族偉大復興戰略全局和世界百年未有之大變局,發揚「為民服務孺子牛、創新發展拓荒牛、艱苦奮鬥老黃牛」的精神,在全面建設社會主義現代化國家新徵程上奮勇前進,同各國一道推動建設持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界,推動構建人類命運共同體。中印要牢牢把握髮展兩國關係的正確方向,加強在抗擊疫情、經濟復甦、多邊主義、全球治理等領域合作,推動雙邊關係重回健康穩定的發展軌道,為維護世界和平、促進共同發展作出應有貢獻。全文如下:
中國農曆牛年將至。牛在印度文化中有著神聖的地位,在中國傳統文化中也被賦予勤懇奉獻、開拓進取等優秀品質。新的一年,我們將按照習近平主席的要求,立足中華民族偉大復興戰略全局和世界百年未有之大變局,發揚「為民服務孺子牛、創新發展拓荒牛、艱苦奮鬥老黃牛」的精神,在全面建設社會主義現代化國家新徵程上奮勇前進,同各國一道推動建設持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界,推動構建人類命運共同體。
中國將科學把握新發展階段。2021年,我們將隆重慶祝中國共產黨成立100周年,制定和實施「十四五」規劃。黨的十九屆五中全會提出,在建黨百年之際全面建成小康社會、實現第一個百年奮鬥目標之後,我們要乘勢而上,開啟全面建設社會主義現代化國家新徵程,向第二個百年奮鬥目標進軍。這標誌著中國進入了一個新發展階段。新發展階段是中國共產黨帶領人民迎來從站起來、富起來到強起來歷史性跨越的新階段。在中國共產黨領導下,中國歷史性解決了絕對貧困問題,改革開放40多年8億人民擺脫貧困,對世界減貧貢獻率超過70%。中國順利完成前十三個五年規劃,成長為世界第二大經濟體。2020年國內生產總值超過100萬億元,人均GDP突破1萬美元。新中國成立不久,中國共產黨就提出建設社會主義現代化國家的目標,未來30年將是我們完成這個歷史宏願的新發展階段。
中國將堅定貫徹新發展理念。中國將以推動高質量發展為主題,以深化供給側結構性改革為主線,把創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的新發展理念貫徹到發展各領域和全過程,為人民謀幸福、為民族謀復興。中國將繼續把創新作為引領發展的第一動力,把科技自立自強作為國家發展的戰略支撐。中國將集中精力解決發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續的突出問題,著力推動區域協調發展、城鄉協調發展、物質文明和精神文明協調發展。中國將堅持「綠水青山就是金山銀山」理念,倡導綠色低碳的生產生活方式,促進人與自然和諧共生。中國將繼續在世界經濟的大海中破浪前行,建設更高水平開放型經濟新體制。中國將持續秉持以人民為中心的發展思想,通過共享發展不斷增強人民群眾獲得感、幸福感、安全感,促進全體中國人民共同富裕。
中國將積極構建以國內大循環為主體、國內國際雙循環相互促進的新發展格局。首先是堅持把擴大內需作為戰略基點,強化國內經濟大循環,增強經濟發展韌性。與此同時,新發展格局絕不是封閉的國內循環,而是深入參與國際循環,更好聯通國內市場和國際市場,實施更大範圍、更寬領域、更深層次的對外開放。中國經濟已深度融入世界經濟,絕不會走歷史回頭路,不會謀求「脫鉤」。中國籤署了「區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定」,完成了中歐投資協定談判,並積極考慮加入「全面與進步跨太平洋夥伴關係協定」。中國全球營商環境排名躍升至第31位,投資負面清單一再瘦身,2020年成為全球最大外國投資目的地。展望未來,中國外貿進口和出口、利用外資、對外投資的規模將會持續擴大,對世界經濟的貢獻也會持續提升。
當前,疫情蔓延、經濟衰退、治理困境是擺在人類社會面前的突出挑戰。國際社會正面臨著多邊和單邊、開放和封閉、合作和對抗的重大選擇。世間滄桑,路在何方?2021年,中國將以實際行動給出自己的答案。中國將始終站在歷史正確的一邊,做世界和平的建設者、全球發展的貢獻者、國際秩序的維護者,為世界和平與發展作出不懈努力。
中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路,推動世界走和平共處之路。和平與發展是時代主題,也是不可抗拒的歷史潮流。歷史已經證明,中國發展靠的不是對外軍事擴張和殖民掠奪,而是人民的辛勤勞動和對和平的不懈追求。習近平主席在多個場合強調,無論中國發展到哪一步,中國永不稱霸、永不擴張、永不謀求勢力範圍。中國堅定奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策,努力以對話彌合分歧、以談判化解爭端,努力構建對話不對抗、結伴不結盟的新型國際關係。各國應摒棄意識形態偏見,不幹涉其他國家內部事務,在相互尊重、求同存異基礎上實現和平共處,促進交流互鑑,為人類文明發展進步注入動力,共同維護世界和平穩定。
中國將始終高舉合作共贏的旗幟,推動各國共同發展繁榮。我們要摒棄冷戰思維、零和博弈的舊理念,拒絕以鄰為壑、自私自利的狹隘政策,恪守互利共贏的合作觀,提倡公平公正基礎上的競爭,保障各國平等發展權利,讓各國人民共享發展機遇和成果。中國將繼續開展抗疫國際合作,向應對疫情能力薄弱的國家和地區提供力所能及的幫助,促進疫苗在發展中國家的可及性和可負擔性,助力世界早日徹底戰勝疫情。中國將繼續同國際社會一道,加強宏觀經濟政策協調,促進貿易和投資自由化便利化,維護全球產業鏈供應鏈順暢穩定,共同推動世界經濟強勁、可持續、平衡、包容增長。中國將更加積極地參與全球經濟治理,推動經濟全球化朝著更加開放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的方向發展。
中國將始終維護和踐行多邊主義,推動構建人類命運共同體。多邊主義的要義是國際上的事由大家共同商量著辦,世界前途命運由各國共同掌握。2021年是中國恢復聯合國合法席位50周年。我們堅持多邊主義的核心價值和基本原則,毫不動搖維護以聯合國為核心的國際體系、以國際法為基礎的國際秩序,全面落實聯合國2030年可持續發展議程,在廣泛協商、凝聚共識基礎上改革和完善全球治理體系。我們堅持通過制度和規則來協調規範各國關係,反對恃強凌弱、搞封閉排他的「小圈子」,反對以多邊主義為幌子搞集團政治,反對以多邊主義為藉口將自己的規則強加給國際社會,反對將多邊主義意識形態化針對特定國家。世界各國應同舟共濟、團結合作,讓多邊主義火炬照亮人類前行之路,向著構建人類命運共同體不斷邁進。
中國和印度都是文明古國、發展中大國和主要新興市場國家,都處在發展振興的關鍵階段,都肩負著發展經濟、改善民生的歷史使命。雙方合作遠大於分歧,共同利益遠大於矛盾。在實現共同振興的徵途上,兩國應該跑好馬拉松,相互成就各自的夢想。在新的一年裡,我們要牢牢把握髮展中印關係的正確方向,切實落實兩國領導人關於中印是夥伴而不是對手、是機遇而不是威脅的重要共識,將邊界問題放在雙邊關係適當位置,以理性和建設性的態度處理分歧,不讓分歧上升為爭端。我們要相互尊重,增進互信,求同存異,相向而行,加強在抗擊疫情、經濟復甦、多邊主義、全球治理等領域合作,推動雙邊關係重回健康穩定的發展軌道,為維護世界和平、促進共同發展作出應有貢獻。
China and the World in the Year of the Ox: Take the Right Path, March towards a Better Future with the WorldThe Chinese lunar new year of the Ox is around the corner. The ox, a sacred creature in India, is also endowed with outstanding qualities of diligence, dedication and pioneering spirit in China’s traditions. In the new year, based on the overall landscape of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the global changes unseen in a century, we』ll follow the guidance of President Xi Jinping, carry forward the spirit of the ox in serving the people, driving innovative development and working tirelessly, to chart a new course towards building a modern socialist China. We are committed to working together with all countries to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity, and a community with a shared future for mankind.China will develop a full understanding of the new development stage. In 2021, we will celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and formulate and implement the 14th Five-Year Plan. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC declared that after achieving the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we will embark on a new journey towards the second centenary goal of building a modern socialist country. This marks a new development stage which sees the Chinese people under the leadership of the CPC taking a historic leap from 「standing up」 and 「getting prosperous」 to 「achieving great rejuvenation」. In over four decades following the reform and opening-up, China eradicated absolute poverty by lifting 800 million people out of poverty. This contributed to 70 percent of poverty relief around the world. China has successfully completed 13 Five-Year Plans and became the second largest economy of the world. In 2020, China’s GDP exceeded 100 trillion yuan(15.42 trillion US dollars), and our per capita GDP rose above 10,000 US dollars. Following the founding of People’s Republic of China, the CPC announced the goal of building a modern socialist country. The next 30 years will be a new stage for us to realize this historic aspiration.China will firmly apply a new development philosophy. Keeping to the theme of high-quality development and the main thread of supply-side structural reform, China will implement an innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development philosophy in all fields of development. We will endeavor for the happiness of the people and the renewal of the nation. China will continue to take innovation as the primary force driving development, and take scientific and technological self-reliance as the strategic underpinning for national development. China will keep its focus on solving the prominent problems of uneven, uncoordinated and unsustainable development, and strive to promote coordinated development among regions, between urban and rural areas, and between material civilization and spiritual civilization. With the belief in 「green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as gold and silver mountains」, China champions green, low-carbon ways of life and production, and promotes the harmonious coexistence of human and nature. China will continue to forge ahead in the world economy and build new high-level institutions of the open economy. China will continue to uphold a people-centered vision of development to enhance the people’s sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security through shared development, and achieve common prosperity for all the Chinese people.China will actively foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. First, we will further expand domestic demand as a strategic priority, enhance smooth flow of domestic economic activity and strengthen resilience of economic development. At the same time, the new development paradigm is by no means a closed domestic loop, it is aimed at engaging in international circulation to better connect the domestic and international markets, in order to carry out all-round opening-up in more fields, with broader range and greater depth. China’s economy has deeply integrated into the world economy, we will not reverse course or run against historical trend by 「decoupling」. China signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), finalized the negotiation of China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment, and is giving favorable consideration to joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). China has moved up to the 31st place in the global rankings of the ease of doing business. China’s negative list for foreign investment has been further cut, and we became the world’s largest recipient of FDI in 2020. Looking ahead, the scale of China’s foreign trade, its use of foreign capital and outbound investment will continue to rise, contributing a greater share to the world economic growth.The COVID-19 pandemic, economic recession and governance predicament are the outstanding challenges facing humanity today. The international community has to make choices between multilateralism and unilateralism, openness and seclusion, cooperation and confrontation. Where is the way out in this uncertain world? In 2021, China will give its own answers through decisive action. We will continue to stand on the right side of history as a contributor to world peace, a facilitator of global development and a guardian of international order. We will make unrelenting efforts for lasting peace and development of the world.China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, and promote peaceful coexistence in the world. Peace and development are the theme of our times and the unstoppable trend of history. History has proven that China achieved development through the Chinese people’s hard work and their commitment to peace, not as a result of military expansion or colonial plunder. As President Xi Jinping emphasized on many occasions, no matter how strong China grows, it will never seek hegemony, expansion or sphere of influence. China firmly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace, and endeavors to narrow differences and resolve disputes through dialogue and negotiation. We seek to establish a new model of state-to-state relations featuring dialogue and partnership, not confrontation or alliance. All countries should abandon ideological prejudice, refrain from interfering with other countries』 internal affairs, pursue peaceful coexistence based on mutual respect and seeking common ground while shelving differences, promote exchanges and mutual learning, add impetus to the progress of human civilization, and jointly safeguard the world peace and stability.China will hold high the approach of win-win cooperation, and promote common development and prosperity for all countries. We reject the outdated Cold War and zero-sum mentality, and say no to narrow-minded, selfish and beggar-thy-neighbor policies. It is important that we stick to the cooperation concept based on mutual benefit. We advocate fair competition, guarantee equal rights to development for all countries and let their peoples to benefit from the opportunities and fruits of development. China will continue to take an active part in international cooperation to combat COVID-19, do its best to assist countries and regions that are less prepared for the pandemic, and work for greater accessibility and affordability of COVID vaccines in developing countries, so as to make its contribution to an early and complete victory over the pandemic throughout the world. China will step up macroeconomic policy coordination with the international community, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, help keep the global industrial and supply chains smooth and stable, and jointly promote strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy. China will get more actively engaged in global economic governance and push for an economic globalization that is more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.China will continue to uphold multilateralism, and advocate for building a community of a shared future for mankind. Multilateralism in essence is about having international affairs addressed through consultation and the future of the world decided by everyone working together. 2021 marks the 50th anniversary of the restoration of China’s legitimate seat in the United Nations. We stand by the core values and basic principles of multilateralism, and are steadfast in our resolve to safeguard the international system with the UN at its core and the international order based on international laws. We strive for implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, reform and improve the global governance system on the basis of extensive consultation and consensus-building. State-to-state relations should be coordinated and regulated through proper institutions and rules. The strong should not bully the weak. We oppose building exclusive small circles, abusing the name of multilateralism for bloc politics, ideologizing multilateralism to target certain countries or imposing rules devised by a small number of countries on the international community under the pretext of multilateralism. All countries need to stand united and work together, and let multilateralism light our way toward a community with a shared future for the mankind.China and India are both ancient civilizations, large developing countries and major emerging economies. We are both at a critical stage of development and revitalization, and shoulder the historic mission of developing our economies and improving people’s livelihood. Our cooperation far outweighs our differences, and our common interests are far greater than our inconsistencies. On the journey toward common rejuvenation, our two countries should run the marathon together and help each other achieve their respective dreams. In the new year, we must stick to the right direction of China-India relations and implement the important consensus reached between our leaders that China and India are partners and opportunities to each other, not adversaries or threats to each other. We should put the boundary issue in an appropriate place in bilateral relations, address differences in a rational and constructive manner and not allow our differences to become disputes. It’s important for China and India to respect each other, enhance mutual trust, seek common ground while shelving differences and meet each other half way. We should boost cooperation in the fields of combating COVID-19 pandemic, economic recovery, multilateralism and global governance, and bring bilateral relations back on the right track of sound and steady development, making our due contribution to maintaining world peace and promoting common development.本文轉載自中國駐印度大使館公眾號2021年2月10日文章原標題為《駐印度大使孫衛東在印媒發表署名文章 <走人間正道,與世界同行——牛年的中國與世界>》