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四六級閱讀高分技巧
四級考試閱讀題共有５種常見題型，分別是：
1 、詞彙題 2、主旨大意題 3、細節題
4 、邏輯推理題 5、作者態度判斷題
1 、詞彙題
閱讀理解材料中凡超出大綱詞表的單詞都用中文註明詞義，但如果連大綱所
規定的詞彙也沒掌握好，考試中就勢必困難重重。詞彙考題就是要求考生根據上
下文猜測四級考試大綱詞彙表以外某些詞彙和短語的意義，實際上也可說是考察
學生的悟性。
例1
For many products ， when you must pay less than the going rate ，
you believe you are getting a great deal. This is not necessarily the
case for used cars or other durable goods because with expensive products-or，
what is essentially the same thing， products with high replacement costs-you
must be particularly careful about getting a「lemon 」， or a product
of substandard quality.
Q ：「Lemon 」 in this paragraph refers to _________.
A. a kind of fruit B. a kind of new car
C. a kind of expensive and high-quality car D. a product of inferior
quality
2 、主旨大意題
選擇項形式為名詞或名詞性詞組。
要求考生指出文章的 Topic（論題），或Subject （主題），或Title （標
題）等。
選擇項形式為陳述句。要求考生選擇表達作者思想，觀點的主題句。如果沒
有主題句，就必須自己總結。所以閱讀不能停留在詞組，短語，句子甚至段落的
水平上，必須把握內在的邏輯關係，沿著作者的思路，才能掌握文章的主題思想，
了解作者的觀點和態度。
類型典型問題形式：What is the main idea/point of this passage ？
典型問題形式有：What is the main topic of this passage？
典型問題形式有：What is the main purpose of this passage？
3 、細節題
細節題為閱讀考題的重頭戲，所佔比例高達80% ，相對而言較簡單，因為這
類題雖然要求理解準確，但基本上限於字面意義的理解，範圍也限於局部，因此
是我們可望得高分的部分。細節題絕大部分體現「中心思想是解」這一原理。茲
將細節性考題分類簡述
例：2 A third island appeared gradually during a period of volcanic
activity that lasted over four years. Later ， the 1866 eruptions ， which
brought to Santorin those volcanologists who first began archeological
work there， enlarged the new island through two new crater vents.
Q ： What enlarged the third island ？
A. The eruptions of 1866
B. A four-year period of volcanic activity
C. The activities of the men who came to study volcanoes
D. Archeological work ， which created two new crater vents
例：3 Just before his tenth birthday John received a horse from his
father； this was the first of a series of expensive gifts intended to
create the impression of a loving parent.
Q ： Why did John receive the horse ？
A. Because he was ten
B. Because his father loved him
C. Because his father wanted to seem loving
D. Because his father wouldn『t be able to give him expensive gifts
in the future
例：4 But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A， D， E， and ，
K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids
（類胡蘿蔔素）， compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer ， heart
disease ， etc.
Q ： What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some
critics ？
A ） It may impair the digestive system. B） It may affect the overall
fat intake.
C ） It may increase the risk of cancer. D） It many spoil the consumers'
appetite
例：5 One in three school-leavers enters higher education ， five
times the number when the last review took place thirty years age.
Q ： What was the percentage of high school graduates admitted to
universities in Britain thirty years ago？
A ） 20% or so. B ） Above 30%. C ） About 15%. D ） Below 10%
4.邏輯推理題
本題型可能是最難的試題，因為要求讀者在準確理解字面意義的基礎上，能
理解文章的言外之意。考生要根據文章中所給信息進行分析，綜合，然後做出合
乎邏輯的推斷。這類題直接按原文原句命題的不太多，一般都會稍為變化一下角
度或措辭，問某句，某段，甚至整篇文章的含意，言外之意是什麼。問題中常有
infer ， imply， suggest， conclude 和assume等動詞。如果是問整篇文章，
應放在最後做。如果就某一段，某一句提問，應找到原句讀幾遍，把答案逐個試
一下，最合邏輯的就是正確答案。要注意根據文章中的關鍵詞，短語，結構等進
行推斷，防止不依據文章內容的主觀臆斷，這是許多考生存在的一個通病。
例： The author implies that signs left by _____ are easier to follow.
此外，有些題目並沒有出現infer 之類明確要求推斷的詞彙，但實際上也必
須根據文章進行推理或判斷才能找到答案。
5 作者態度判斷題北京導航教師李勇全祝你考試高分
positive贊成的 negative 反對的 objective客觀的 subjective 主觀的
optimistic樂觀的 pessimistic悲觀的 humorous 幽默的 ironic 諷刺的
critical/criticize批評 indifferent漠不關心的
ANSWER：例1-例5DACCD
模擬練習
要求：50分鐘―55分鐘作完，四篇文章20個題正確14個以上。注意找好關鍵
詞，找到原句。
Part II Reading Comprehension （35 minutes）
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage ：
American women experience a great variety of lifestyles. A "typical"
American woman may be single. She may also be divorced or married. She
may be a homemaker， a doctor ， or a factory worker. It is very difficult
to generalize about American women. However ， one thing that many American
women have in common is their attitude about themselves and their role
in American life.
Historically， American women have always been very independent. The
first colonists to come to New England were of ten young couples who had
left behind their extended family （i.e.， their parents， sisters， cousins，
etc.）。 The women were alone in a new， undeveloped country with their
husbands. This had two important effects. First of all， this as yet uncivilized
environment demanded that every person share in developing it and in survival.
Women worked along side their husbands and children to establish themselves
in this new land. Second， because they were in a new land without the
established influence of older members of society ， women felt free to
step into nontraditional roles.
This role of women was reinforced in later years as Americans moved
west， again leaving family behind and encountering a hostile environment.
Even later， in the East， as now immigrants arrived， the women often
found jobs more easily than men. Women became the supporters of the family.
Within the established lifestyle of industrialized twentieth century
America ， the strong role of women was not as dramatic as in the early
days of the country. Some women were active outside the home； others
were not. However ， when American men went to war in the 1940s ， women
stepped into the men's jobs as factory and business workers. After the
war ， some women stayed in these positions ， and others left their jobs
with a new sense of their own capabilities.
21. A typical American woman is
A ） single or married B） divorced
C ） sure about herself and her role D） all of the above
22. Which of the following statements best describes the organization
of the second paragraph ？
A ） Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.
B ） An evaluation is explained and then reasons are given.
C ） A problem is examined and possible answers are given.
D ） Historical view is explained in comparison with the present.
23. During the industrialized twentieth century ， the role of women
A ） was strengthened B ） was as important as early
C ） was decline D） was more reinforced than early days
24. Women took part in men's jobs during the time of
A ） the Second World War B ） the West movement
C ） the early immigration D） the industrialized twentieth century
25. What is the main idea of this passage ？
A ） Different life styles led by the American women.
B ） American women were free to step into nontraditional roles.
C ） American women worked hard to establish their roles in American
history.
D ） American women were independent because they did not have to
follow the regulations at all.
Passage Two
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage ：
There is no question that the poor are sicker. Unfortunately， there
are no nationwide mortality statistics by income. One of the best studies
has been a recent comparison of poverty and non-poverty areas in Chicago.
（This does not permit really fine analysis ， because of the limitations
of area comparisons.） Crude mortality in poverty areas are only three
percent higher than in non-poverty areas； but the people in poverty areas
are younger ， and if it had been possible to compute age-specific rates，
the differences would be much greater. Differentials in infant mortality
were very large ――75 per cent higher in poverty than in non-poverty
areas. In both cases， the differences between white and non-white were
even more substantial than between poverty and non-poverty areas.
The clearest and best evidence of poorer health among the poor is
to be found in studies of days of disability per person per year， where
differences of the order of two-to-one are found. Those in families with
income of under $ 2 ，000 a year have 29 restricted activity days a year，
while those with family income over $ 4 ，000 a year have less than half
that， 13 restricted activity days a day.
But while the poor are sicker ， the differences in the utilization
of health care are not as marked as one might expect. The same study which
reported twice as many disability days for those under $ 2，000 a year
as for those over $ 4 ，000 a year showed lesser differences with respect
to the use of doctors. Fifty-nine per cent of the poorer group have consulted
a doctor in the previous year ， 13 per cent a specialist ， compared
with 73 per cent and 28 per cent of the better-off income groups. These
differences in health care utilization by poor and non-poor ， which were
once extreme， are now declining. Indeed， in some settings they are now
reserved. In 1982-31， families with an income of more than $ 5 ，000
spent 11 times as much on medical care as families with incomes under
$1，200. In 1962， families with incomes of more than $ 7 ，000 spent
only 27 per cent more on medical care than families with incomes under
$ 2 ，000.
26. Compared with that in non-poverty areas ， crude mortality of
young people in poverty areas is .
A ） slightly lower B ） more or less the same
C ） slightly higher D） much higher
27. The most striking contrast in mortality can be found between .
A ） different areas B） different races
C ） different families D ） different income groups
28. "Restricted activity days" are clays when
A ） sick people have to stay in hospital for further treatment
B ） one takes a long holiday away from work
C ） sick people have to keep from their normal activities
D ） one is restricted in his freedom of action
29. The difference that is diminishing between the poor and the non-poor
is that in
A ） the utilization of health care B ） the opportunities of employment
C ） their living condition D ） their state of health
30. From the passage（as the beginning paragraphs of a long article
）， it is very likely that the writer will go on to discuss
A ） how to eliminate poverty in the U.S.A.
B ） how to gather nationwide mortality statistics by income
C ） how to help those poor people who are sick
D ） how to train more qualified doctors for the rich people.
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
More surprising ， perhaps， than the current difficulties of traditional
marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick
notes ， Americans are a marrying people： relative to Europeans， more
of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover ， after a decline
in the early 1970s， the rate of marriage in the United States is now
increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage
context ： some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus， marriage
remains ， by far ， the preferred way of life for the vast majority of
people in our society.
What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family ？ Twenty
five years ago， the typical American family consisted of a husband ，
a wife， and two or three children. Now ， there are many marriages in
which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many
marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife 『s previous
marriage， or the husband ’s or both. Sometimes these children Spend
all of their time with one parent from the former marriage； sometimes
they are shared between the two former spouses. （配偶）
Thus， one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages
without children； marriages with children from only the present marriages
； marriages with 「full-time 」 children from the present marriage and
「part-time 」 children from former marriages. There are stepfathers，
stepmothers ， half-brothers， and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual
for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents ！ These are enormous
changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so， even in the
midst of all this ， there remains one constants： most Americans spend
most of their adult lives married.
31. By calling Americans marrying people the author means that____.
A. Americans are more traditional than Europeans.
B. American expect more out of marriage than Europeans
C. There are more married couples in U. S. A. THAN IN Europe.
D. More of Americans， as compared with Europeans ， prefer marriage
and they accept it at a younger age.
32. Divorced Americans_____.
A. will most likely remarry
B. prefer the way they live
C. have lost faith in marriage
D. are the vast majority of people in the society.
33. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today
『s American families ？
A. A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.
B. Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.
C. Americans prefer to have more kids than before.
D. There are no nuclear families any more.
34. 「 Part-time」 children _____
A. spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of their
time with their half sisters.
B. Spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage.
C. Are shared between the two former spouses
D. Cannot stay with 「full-time 」 children.
35. Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of
American families ，______.
A. the functions of marriage remain unchanged.
B. The vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage.
C. Most Americans prefer a second marriage.
D. All of the above.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
It is ， everyone agrees， a huge task that the child performs when
he learns to speak， and the fact that he does so in so short a period
of time challenges explanation.
Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary
greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking ，
and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey"
spoken instructions some time before they can speak ， though the word
obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation
usually shown by the child. Before they can speak ， many children will
ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempts to trace the development from the noises babies make
to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is
agreed that they enjoy making noises， and that during the first few months
one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight，
distress， sociability， and so on. But since these cannot be said to
show the baby's intention to communicate， they can hardly be regarded
as early forms of language. It is agreed， too， that from about three
months they play with sounds for enjoyment， and that by six months they
are able to add new sounds to their repertoire（能發出的全部聲音）。 This
self imitation leads on to deliberate （有意識的） imitation of sounds
made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises
as to the point at which one can say that their imitations can be considered
as speech.
36. By ". . . challenges explanation" （Line 2， Para. l） the author
means that _______.
A ） no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B ） no explanation has been made up to now
C ） it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D ） it's high time that an explanation was provided
37. The third paragraph is mainly about _______.
A ） the development of babies' early forms of language
B ） the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C ） babies' strong desire to communicate
D ） babies' intention to communicate
38. The author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show
that children ____.
A ） usually obey without asking questions
B ） are passive in the process of learning to speak
C ） are born cooperative
D ） learn to speak by listening
39. From the passage we learn that _______.
A ） early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B ） children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C ） imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D ） children have various difficulties in learning to speak
40. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A ） How Babies Learn to Speak
B ） Early Forms of Language
C ） A Huge Task for Children
D ） Noise Making and Language Learning
（DBCAA DBBAC DABCD CADCA ）
附錄：
二、猜題的技巧――答案的特徵
1 、「體現中心思想的選項是答案」北京導航專用講義
文中的細節、例子、引語都是為了說明文章主旨、段落主旨，所以考細節的
題目，雖然不是主旨題，但能體現中心思想或段落土旨的選項是答案的可能隆要
遠遠大於其他選項、例如四級98-6-39 的A ）、99-1-21 的A ）、99-1-26 的B ）、
99-l-36 的A ）、99-1-39 的D ）、99-6-22 的D ）、99-6-37 的D ）、99-6-38
的B ）、99-6-39 的C ）、99-6-40 的D ）、00-1-26 的A ）、00-1-35 的A ）、
00-1-36 的A ）、00-12-24的A ）、01-6-20 的c ）、02-1-11 的A ）、02-l-30
的A ）。
2 、「看似合理的選項不是答案；看似不合理的選項是答案」北京導航專用
講義
四個選擇項中若有一個對問題而言、根據常識看似不合理，而其他幾項根據
常識都可合理地作為問題的答案，此時若我們沒看懂（或在聽力理解中未聽懂）
文中意思，我們可以大膽猜測這個看似不合理的選項是答案。作為答案的選
項看起來不合理的原因可能是其中某個詞不是常用意義，若根據其通常意義理解
則該選項看起來當然不合理，也可能是一些特定的理由，無論是哪種情況，都有
助於使試題具有難度。所以根據命題的難度原則及實踐經驗可得出如下猜題技巧
：「看似不合理的選項是答案，看似合理的選項不是答案」。例如四級99-1-37
的B ）和C ）；00-1-35 的B ）、C ）、D ）；00-6-66 的B ）；00-12-21的B ）、
D ）；00-12-24的B ）、C ）、D ）。
3 、「照抄原文的選項不是答案；和原文作同義替換的選項是答案」
在設計題目時，為了迷惑考生，命題者一般都會將原文中的內容換個說法作
為正確答案的選項，而將某些與題幹問題不符的原文原話作為幹擾項，或將原文
中的某些句子做了細微的改變引誘考生上當。例如四級98-1-11 的C ）；99-1-36
的D ）；99-6-35 的C ）；00-1-22 的D ）；00-1-34 的B ）、C ）；00-6-58
的B ）；01-6-11 的D ）；00-6-70 的D ）；00-12-27的A ）；01-6-11 的C ）
；01-6-14 的B ）；01-6-29 的B ）；01-6-30 的A ）；02-1-27 的D ）；
02-1-31 的C ）；02-1-32 的B ）；02-1-37 的D ）；02-1-38 的A ）。
4 、「含義肯定的選項不是答案；含義不肯定的選項是答案」北京導航專用
講義
選項中的might 等詞語可以表達種委婉、中庸、不肯定的語氣，為表達的觀
點留有餘地，而含義肯定的詞語則使得句意有些絕對、沒有餘地。凡事都不能太
絕對，所以聽力、閱讀中的選項「含義肯定的不是答案，含義不肯定的是答案」，
含義不肯定的標誌有：can ，could.probably，may ，might ，be likely to，
most（大多數），more or less，relatively等。含有這些詞的備選項是答案的
可能性較大。例如四級98-6-25 的D ）；99-1-22 的B ）；99-6-21 的C ）；99-6-22
的D ）；00-1-23 的B ）；00-1-24 的A ）、B ）、C ）；00-1-34 的1 ））：
01-6-15 的D ）。
5 、「含義絕對的選項不是答案」北京導航專用講義
凡事不可太絕對，所以含義中庸、折中、不肯定、不確定的選項是答案的可
能性要大於含義絕的選項。表示一種絕對含義的詞語有：must，always，never ，
the most（最高級），all ， only ，any ，none，entirely等。也就是說，選
項中含有上述詞語時，是答案的可能性較小。例如四級98-1-11 的C ）；98-6-34
的C ）；99-6-35 的A ）、C ）、D ）；01-6-13 的D ）；01-6-23 的A ）；02-1-39
的D ）。但是，當選擇項在表示原因，表示方式、方法時，此猜題技巧不適例如
四級98-6-40 的D ）、99-1-24 的C ）、99-1-29 的B ）
7 、「含義具體的選項不是答案，含義概括的選項是答
有些題目的四個備選項中，有些備選項的意思可以被另外- 個選項包括進去、
若選前者，則後者也說的過去，而一道標準化試題是不可能有兩個答案的，所以
答案必為能包含前者的後者。譬如六級聽力00-6-9，若考生沒聽懂此題，分析一
下四個備選項也可以猜出正確
答案是D ）：A ）、B ）、C ）項的意思都可以包含在D ）項中，因為不管
是什麼原因使得男士決定不去看電影，D ）項都對。A ）、B ）、C ）比較具體，
都是說男士要做具體的某事而不去看電影，但總之都是不去看電影，D ）項則舍
棄了不看電影的具體原因，只是概括地說不去看電影；D 項是「萬金油」，適用
於各種不去看電影的具體情況，所以D ）是答案、如四級98-l-20 的四個選項；
98-6-30 的四個選項；99-6-26 的四個選項；99-6-29 的B ）、C ）；99-6-30
的B ）；99-6-31 ；00-1-36 ；00-1-37 ；00-6-66 ；01-6-29 ；02-1-34 ；六
級98-l-35 ；98-6-35 的D ）；99-l-35 的C ）、D ）；99-6-15 ；00-1-30 ；
01-6-25 ；01-6-36.
8 、「含有some（包括someone 、somebody、some time 、something 、certain
等）的選頃是答案」
some常常表達一種不確定、模糊，泛指的含義，而這既符合「含義不肯定的
選項是答案」，又符合「含義概括的選項是答案」。例如四級99-1-33 的C ）、
40的D ）、00-1-36 的A ）、00-11-37的D ）、02-1-39 的B ）
9 、簡單的不是答案，複雜的是答案
命題者為了使題有一定難度，通常要把幹擾項設計成簡單易懂的句子，而有
意將作為答案的選項設計成句式複雜、意思含混：因此有以下猜題技巧：「含義
矛盾的選項是答案」、「複合句是答案」：「含有比較結構的選項是答案」、
「體現原文字面意思的選項不是答案，表達原文內在含義的選項是答案」。例如
四級98-1-13 的C ）、99-0-22 的B ）、98-6-27 的D ）、98-6-35 的A ）、99-1-35
的D ）、00-6-61 的B ）、01-6-13 的A ）、98-1-22 的C ）、98-1-26 的A ）
等。
含義具體的選項不是答案，含義抽象的選項是答案。例如四級99-6-26 的B ），
99-6-30 的A ）
10、英語裡有一些含義豐富的「小詞」，特別是一些形容詞，副詞，介詞。
他們本身並沒有什麼意思，但句子中加了這些詞，含義會更加豐富，更加隱
蔽，對付考生非常有效，而且這些詞常作答案，可稱之為「虛詞型的答案」。
（1 ）不考本身。但要考：another 另一個，other 剩下的，more的，
earlier 早點的，1ater 晚點的，besides 除此之外，：additional額外的，extra
多餘的，eventually最終的。（2 ）不考一般的，而要考：「especially特別，
different 不同的，particularly特殊。（3 ）不考完全的，而要考：」nearly
； almost.（4 ）不考具體的，而考概括的：either， both ， also ， as well.
考生碰到此問題要加倍小心。
和閱讀理解選擇題中，含有如下詞語的選項是答案的可能性子大：another 、
other 、more、either、1ater 、both、either、also、besides 、additional、
extra 、different 、particular、nearly、almost、especially、eventually、
表示「部分」的詞語。例如四級99-6-26 的D ）、99-1-28 的D ）、98-1-19 的
A ）99-1-32 的A ）、99-6-24 的c ）、99-6-37 的D ）、99-6-38 的D ）等。
11、發展變化是答案。
聽力和閱讀理解常常以一件事發生了變化為命題對象，所以「表示變化的選
項是答案」，表示變化的時間語主要有：change、delay 、improvement 、postpone、
increase、alter 等。例如四級98-6-22 的B ）、99-l-25 的D ）、99-6-34 的
B ），00-1-31 的D ）、00-1-38 的D ）。
12、「含有表示『重要』的選頃是答案」表示「重要」的詞主要有：important、
necessity ， essential等。例如四級98-6-36 的D ）；00-1-31 的D ）。
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