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複習動詞ing
[觀察例句]
1. As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
2. You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
3. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4. It is best to place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.
5. If you see someone choking，first call the emergency services.
6. In 1974，an American doctor, Henry Heimlich，created the Heimlich manoeuvre，saving thousands of lives around the world.
[歸納用法]
1. 例句1中的getting為動詞ing形式在句中作主語。
2. 例句2中的covering為動詞ing形式在句中作賓語。
3. 例句3中的giving為動詞ing形式在句中作表語。
4. 例句4中的running為動詞ing形式在句中作定語。
5. 例句5中的choking為動詞ing形式在句中作賓語補足語。
6. 例句6中的saving為動詞ing形式在句中作狀語。
一、動詞ing形式的基本情況
1. 動詞ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，包括現在分詞和動名詞兩種。
動詞ing形式在句中的語法作用：動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，現在分詞在句中作表語、狀語、賓語補足語和定語。
2. 動詞ing形式的時態和語態：
語態
時態
主動語態
被動語態
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大聲朗讀是學習語言的一種好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard，he passed the exam.
努力學習了功課，他通過了考試。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建設的建築物下個月將完工。
二、動詞ing形式作主語
1. 動詞ing形式作主語時，往往表示經常性、習慣性的動作，通常置於句首。
Saying is one thing，and doing is another.
說是一回事，而做是另一回事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助於一個人保持健康。
[名師點津]
動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
對於老人來說爬山確實困難。
2. 形式主語it代替動詞ing形式作主語。
此類句式常見的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪費時間
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事沒用/是值得的
It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
勸說這種人加入我們是浪費時間。
It is no good/use regretting for the past.
悔恨過去是沒用的。
3. v.ing形式和to do作主語時的區別。
v．ing形式和to do都可以作主語。v.ing形式作主語表示比較抽象的一般行為，to do作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。
Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危險。(泛指)
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend's birthday party is my dream.唱歌是我的愛好，在朋友的生日宴會上唱歌是我的夢想。
[即學即練1] 單句語法填空
①I can't stand ______(work) with Jane in the same office.
②It's no use ______(complain) without taking action.
③______(volunteer) just feels so good.
④______ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
答案：
①Working ②complaining
③Volunteering ④Being invited
三、動詞ing形式作賓語
1. 作動詞的賓語。接v.ing形式作賓語的常用動詞(短語)有：
avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免錯過少延期
advise，finish，practise 建議完成多練習
enjoy，imagine，can't help 喜歡想像禁不住
admit，deny，envy 承認否定與嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse 逃避冒險莫原諒
stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意
He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.
他承認在考試中查閱了筆記。
She can't stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公眾場合被人看不起的感覺。
Would you mind opening the window?
你介意打開窗子嗎？
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他試圖對我的問題避而不答。
2. 作介詞的賓語。在下面的短語中，常用動詞ing形式作介詞的賓語： be good at擅長；dream of夢想；care about在乎；be concerned about關心；be interested in對……感興趣；feel like想要；insist on堅持；think of認為；aim at瞄準；set about開始做；be used to習慣於；get down to開始做；lead to導致；devote oneself to 獻身於……；look forward to 期待；stick to 堅持；pay attention to注意；give up放棄等。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我夢想著環遊世界，過上幸福的生活。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他堅持要按照自己的方法做。
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待著你下一次的到來。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.
因為天氣不好，他們不得不放棄明天的外出野餐。
3. 在以下結構中，動詞ing形式作介詞的賓語，介詞常省略。
spend...(in) doing花費……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing...做……有困難/麻煩
stop/prevent...(from) doing阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing浪費時間做某事
be busy (in) doing忙於做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing高興做某事/費了很大勁做某事
There is no point (in) doing做某事毫無意義
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天總是忙於工作，這使他很少有時間和孩子一起玩。
There is no point giving him such a good chance.
給他提供這樣一個好機會沒有意義。
[即學即練2] 用所給詞的適當形式填空
①I'm looking forward to _______(hear) from you.
②He devotes himself to ______(look) into the matter.
③She likes spending much money ______(buy) clothes for herself.
答案：①hearing ②looking ③buying
4. 動詞ing形式作主語、賓語時的幾個特殊情況
(1)動詞ing的複合結構
名詞（賓格）/名詞's所有格 代詞（賓格）/形容詞性物主代詞)＋動詞ing
His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.
他的/湯姆的遲到使老師很生氣。
Would you mind my/me closing the window?
你介意我關上窗戶嗎？
Would you mind Mary's/Mary closing the window?
你介意瑪麗關上窗戶嗎？
[名師點津]
動詞ing的複合結構的否定形式為：形容詞性物主代詞/代詞(賓格)/名詞/名詞的所有格＋not doing...。
Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.
傑裡未能按時到達令在場的人很生氣。
(2)某些動詞及動詞短語後面既可以用不定式也可以用動詞ing作賓語。
①動詞begin，start，continue等詞後既可跟不定式，又可跟動詞ing作賓語，意義基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一會後，他們繼續討論這項計劃。
②動詞love，like，hate等後可跟動詞ing和不定式作賓語，但接動詞ing表示經常性的情況，接不定式表示具體的動作。
I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(習慣)我喜歡和朋友在一個陽光明媚的日子裡散步。
It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具體)今天是個令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些動詞後既可跟動詞ing作賓語，又可跟不定式作賓語，但意義有很大差別。
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還亮著。他忘記關了。
[名師點津]
對比記憶作賓語的動詞含義
go on doing sth.繼續做同一件事go on to do sth.接著做另一件事)
forget doing sth.忘記做過某事forget to do sth.忘記要做某事)
try doing sth.試著做某事try to do sth.努力做某事)
remember doing sth.記得做過某事remember to do sth.記住要做某事)
regret doing sth.後悔做了某事regret to do sth.很遺憾要做某事)
mean to do...打算/意欲做……mean doing...意味著做……)
stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情)
can't help to do...不能幫著去做……can't help doing...禁不住做……)
They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.
他們停下來，看了看這美妙絕倫的風景。
They stopped working and had a rest.
他們停止工作，休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是動詞ing形式。
其結構如下：
主語think/consider/find/feel/believe＋it＋useless/no use/no good...＋doing...
I found it useless/no use arguing about it.
我發現爭論這件事沒有用。
Do you consider it any good trying again?
你覺得再試會有用嗎？
(4)在動詞need，require，want，deserve後，用動詞ing形式表示被動意義，即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/ deserve to be done。
These clothes need washing.
＝These clothes need to be washed.
這些衣服需要洗。
The house requires repairing.
＝The house requires to be repaired.
這座房子需要修理。
(5)在(be) worth後面只能用動詞ing形式來表示被動意義。
The film is worth seeing a second time.
這部電影值得再看一次。
[即學即練3] 單句語法填空
(1)①I remember ______(see) her before，but I can't remember when it was.
②You must remember ______(tell) Jackson the news tonight.
(2)①I didn't mean______ (visit) him yesterday afternoon.
②Giving up your plan means ______ (lose) a large amount of money.
(3)①All of us stopped ______ (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.
②She felt thirsty，so she stopped ______(get) a drink of water.
答案：
(1)①seeing ②to tell
(2)①to visit ②losing
(3)①talking ②to get
四、動詞ing形式作表語
作表語的動詞ing形式包括現在分詞和動名詞。
1. 動名詞(短語)作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為，用來說明主語的內容，與主語通常是同一概念，表語和主語常可互換位置。
One of his weaknesses is telling lies.
＝Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.
他的缺點之一就是說謊。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
＝Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.
他的愛好是在業餘時間讀書。
2. 現在分詞(短語)作表語，表示主語的某種性質和特徵，這類分詞通常可以看作形容詞。
Her performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure.
她的表演非常有趣，給我們帶來很多樂趣。
The trip is very exciting，and we have decided to have a similar one.這次旅行很是激動人心，我們已決定再進行一次類似的旅行。
[名師點津]
作表語的現在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...這類分詞有「令人……的」的含義，常修飾物。
[即學即練4] 單句語法填空
①Going into hospital can be very ______(frighten) for a child.
②Henry's job is______ (teach) physics in a local middle school.
③Your task is______ (clean) the old car over there on your own.
答案：
①frightening ②teaching/to teach
③cleaning
五、動詞ing作定語
1. 動名詞(短語)作定語，表示名詞的屬性、作用或用途，作「供……用」講，常置於被修飾的名詞前。
There is a swimming pool in our school.
我們學校有一個遊泳池。
Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.在閱覽室裡學生們不許大聲喧譁。
2. 現在分詞(短語)作定語，表示所修飾詞的動作或狀態，被修飾詞與現在分詞之間是主動關係，相當於一個定語從句。
The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
＝The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
聚集在校門口的那些男孩是我的同學。
The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
＝ The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
那個在舞臺上表演的女孩有舞蹈天賦。
[名師點津]
單個的現在分詞作定語時，放在被修飾詞前；現在分詞短語作定語時，則放在被修飾詞後。
[即學即練5] 單句語法填空
①The topic ______(discuss) now has drawn some experts' attention.
②Grandma came into my bedroom with a ______(walk) stick in her hand.
答案：①being discussed ②walking
六、動詞ing形式作賓語補足語
動詞ing形式作賓語補足語時，表示正在進行的動作或經常存在的狀態。動詞ing形式常作以下動詞的賓語補足語。
1. 動詞ing位於感官動詞後：feel，smell，listen to，hear，watch，see，notice，observe 等。
I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
我感覺有人在拍我的肩膀。
When he passed the swimming pool, he saw someone swimming in it.
當他經過遊泳池時，他看見有人在遊泳。
[名師點津]
動詞ing與動詞不定式在感官動詞後的意義
在see，hear，watch等感官動詞後，用動詞ing形式作賓語補足語表示動作正在進行；用省略to的不定式作賓語補足語表示動作從開始到結束的全過程。
I heard Mary singing in the next room.(動作正在進行)
我聽到瑪麗在隔壁唱歌。
I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(動作全過程)
昨晚我聽到瑪麗在隔壁唱歌。
2. 動詞ing位於使役動詞後：have，keep，get，leave，set，make等。
She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.
她不能容忍他撒了謊而不受懲罰。
Please don't keep the little boy staying alone.
不要讓這個男孩獨自待著。
3. 用於with複合結構中。
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由於噪音不斷，我沒法做家庭作業。
With so many people looking at her，she feels nervous.
這麼多人看著她，她感到很緊張。
[即學即練6] 句型轉換
①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→______，we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw ______the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched______．
答案：
①With time passing by
②them coming across
③boats passing by
七、動詞ing形式作狀語
1. 作時間狀語。
Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing.
＝When he heard the news，he couldn't help laughing.
一聽到那個消息，他禁不住大笑起來。
2. 作原因狀語。
Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
＝As I don't know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
由於不知道她的地址，我還是打電話讓她過來為好。
3. 作條件狀語。
Working hard，you'll surely succeed.
＝If you work hard，you'll surely succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定會成功。
4. 作結果狀語。
The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.
＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.
那個男孩滑了一跤，頭撞到了門上。
[名師點津]
現在分詞作結果狀語，是隨著謂語動詞的發生而產生的自然結果，而不定式作結果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結果，有時前面可以加only。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙趕到學校，結果發現是星期天。
5. 作讓步狀語。
Having been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart.
＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart.
儘管被告知了很多次，他還是沒把這些規定記住。
6. 作伴隨狀語。
Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
莫裡斯躺在草地上，長時間地望著天空。
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branches.
＝The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，and cut the branches.
那個男孩坐在農舍前砍樹枝。
7. 作方式狀語。
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回來告訴我這個消息。
[名師點津]
動詞ing形式作狀語時，相當於與之對應的狀語從句，但是當作伴隨狀語及結果狀語時，可轉化為並列謂語。
[即學即練7] 句型轉換(用非謂語動詞轉換句子)
①It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily，______．
②After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.
→______，the boy rushed out.
③All night long he lay awake and he thought of the problem.
→All night long he lay awake，______．
答案：
①causing great damage
②Having eaten his dinner
③thinking of the problem
8. 現在分詞作狀語時的注意事項
(1)現在分詞的時態
現在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，是用現在分詞的一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(having done)。
①當現在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生時，用分詞的一般式。
Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走時，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和謂語動詞met同時發生)
②當現在分詞的動作先發生，而謂語動詞的動作後發生時，用分詞的完成式。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他寫完信後就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先發生的，went是後發生的)
(2)現在分詞的語態
使用現在分詞的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決於現在分詞和句子主語之間的關係。句子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(現在分詞的被動式)
被領著參觀了工廠後，他們很高興。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(現在分詞的主動式)
完成了作業後，他上床睡覺。
(3)動詞ing形式的否定式：not＋v.ing；not having＋v.ed
Not knowing this，he didn't come.
他不知道這件事，所以沒來。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因為沒有做好充分的準備，我們把運動會延期了。
(4)現在分詞作評註性狀語
有些現在分詞在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評註性狀語來修飾整個句子，表明說話者的態度、觀點等。例如：generally speaking「一般來說」， judging by/from...「從……判斷」，taking everything into consideration「從全局考慮」。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。
[即學即練8] 單句語法填空
①______(work) for three hours，he took a rest.
②Tom came ______ (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③______(spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
答案：①Having worked ②dashing
③Having spent
即時檢測
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1. ______ (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2. The bird narrowly escaped ______(shoot) by the hunter.
3. It is no use ______(regret) your past mistakes.
4. My parents don't allow us ______(watch) violent TV programs.
5. They are planning to build a ______(swim) pool for the kids.
6. The student ______(talk) with the foreigners over there is our monitor.
7. With the temperature ______(rise)，the leaves and grass begin to appear.
8. ______ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
9. ______ (work) harder at English，you'll make greater progress.
10. ______ (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. 總之，和你的同學處理好關係被認為是一件重要的事情。
In a word, ______ is considered an important thing.
2. 當這個人看完信後，他看著他的朋友。
After the man finished ______，he looked at his friend.
3. 因為尊重他的父親，所以他不想和他爭論。
______，he didn't want to argue with him.
4. 瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，______．
5. 因為在這個村裡住了很多年，我熟悉每個人。
______，I know everyone quite well.
參考答案
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1. Talking 2. being shot 3. regretting
4. to watch 5. swimming 6. talking
7. rising 8. Seen 9. Working 10. To finish
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. getting along well with your classmates
2. reading the letter
3. Respecting his father
4. reading a book
5. Having lived in the village for years
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