一篇考研的真題，從做題到文章的全面分析和展示。看起來是有點痛苦的，而且還要反覆直至熟練，少不了痛心疾首捶胸頓足的時候。但如此死磕五篇，當小有所成；死磕十篇，應上了臺階；死磕二十，必手到擒來。
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith。(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas。
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a dued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride." American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government." It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as" a golden age of business management in the United States."
51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____ 。
［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before
［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
53.What can be inferred from the passage?
［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried。
［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。
［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。
［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development。
54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____ 。
［A］turning of the business cycle
［B］restructuring of industry
［C］improved business management
［D］success in education
解題第一步：讀題幹
51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____ 。
題型：問事情原因，細節題，需定位句子
給定信息：美國achieved its predominance after World War II
定位信息：World War II, because
52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____ 。
題型信息：問支撐觀點的事實，例證題，當從觀點後面找事實
給定信息：1980s美國predominance的失去，表現於相關的事實
定位信息：1980s
53.What can be inferred from the passage?
題型信息：題幹無具體信息，直接就文章提問，為判斷題，當先擱置，最後直接看選項來做。
給定信息：無
定位信息：無
54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____ 。
題型信息：問原因，細節題，需定位
給定信息：1990s美國經濟復甦，作者對其原因有自己的看法
定位信息：1990s
題幹綜合：兩道細節問原因，一道例證問事實，一道判斷，儘量先根據其它題的解題過程和結果來解以節省時間。
由題幹給定信息可知：文章講到了二戰後美國取得領先；1980s失去了這種地位；1990s經濟又復甦了。
解題第二步：讀文章做選擇
51.根據定位信息找到首段二句，但本句中沒有原因(看整個句式：當A時，有B。其中B肯定不是原因，而是結果。)。接著向下，直到最後一句，才由定語從句交代原因(定語從句可以而且常常交代原因)。
選項分析
A。是非顛倒。他們為目標做了艱苦的努力。只有首段首句提到effortless success。
B。答非所問、偷換概念。原文也有市場，也是八倍以上。但一：不是所問事情的原因；
二：原文是market比competitors大， 選項是domestic market比before大。
C。同義表達，正確。戰爭摧毀了其潛在競爭對手的經濟。原文是歐洲人和亞洲人，也即美國人的潛在競爭對手。
D。偷換概念。勞動力無與倫比的規模給了其經濟以推動力。引人注目的是原文也有unparalleled，但搭配是unparalleled economies of scale, 選項是unparalleled size of workforce。有此一點，就已死定。
52.根據定位線索1980s找到二段第三句：美國人發現自己XYZ。此處XYZ表達法比較麻煩，其實無關緊要。題目不是問美國人會失去優勢表現為什麼事實嗎？那先不得說美國人失去了優勢？後面才是事實。先出現了一句說Some huge American industries，與各選項均無關係；下一句講TV，也不對；再下一句講cars, 即選項D中的auto, 為正確選項。
選項分析：
A。想當然：原文「只剩一家電視製造商」不必然意味著選項中「退回國內市場」。
B。無中生有：原文semiconductors講的是將成為next casualty; 選項說「被外國公司兼併」。
C. 偷換概念：原文machine-tool industry是on the ropes, 字面義是「在繩子上」，顯然是比喻義。本段講各產業都是「不行了」，此處亦不例外，不會冒出選項中的「自殺行為」。
D。同義表達：改變說話角度。原文「外國汽車進入國內市場」=選項「汽車業喪失部分國內市場」。
53.留到最後來解。
54.根據定位信息1990s找到第四段第二句。美國人回頭可看到五年增長(即題目中所述事實)，後一句才交代原因。要讀出言外之意：沒幾個美國人將此歸為如此明顯的原因如X和Y。意思是作者認為是這兩個原因，而且很明顯，但多數美國人卻沒有看到。A為正確選項。
選項分析：
A。正確。
B。貌合神離：引言中確有此說。但此引言是用來說明前文blind pride(盲目驕傲)，是作者所批判的觀點。請參照本段「段落解剖」。
C。同B。
D。無中生有：從未提及。
回頭再做53.儘量利用已解題和已讀信息解題。
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