上一期給大家總結了考研英語閱讀中，正確選項和錯誤選項常見的10大特點，今天學姐繼續給大家分享考研英語閱讀高分秘籍。考研英語閱讀題型常見的4大題型以及解題技巧：例子題、推理題、細節題、主旨題。
例子題
題幹識別詞： 題目中出現 is noted to suggest, demonstrate, illustrate, example,case 等詞語時，即可判斷為例子題
題型解析：例子題中 80%是給出材料中的一個細節信息（也就是我們說的例子），然後讓考生在四個選項中找到結論句或者主旨句；而剩下的 20%則正相反，會給考生總結一個觀點，讓考生選出可以解釋或闡述此觀點的一個例子（細節信息）。
解題思路：首先到材料中找到題幹中的信息，答案通常在本句上下句，不超過三句內。
範例：
①When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. ②Smaller species survived. ③The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. ④Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
31.Theextinction of large prehistoric animalsis notedto suggest that .
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
解析：根據題幹信息定位到第一段第一句話，可知答案在下文，找到可以表達觀點的句子，除了末尾句，其他都是對第一句話展開的細節信息闡述，因此答案為 C
[A]文中的細節信息
[B]文中的細節信息
[D]沒有提及的信息
推理題
（一）題幹識別詞：題目中出現 infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等詞時，可以判定為推理題
（二）題型解析：推理題的答案與題幹本身意義相同，只是表述不一樣，所以也可以理解為「同義改寫」。
（三）分類：
1.細節型推理：根據題幹中的信息在原文中找到對應句，答案基本在本句中
2.段落型推理：根據一段內容進行推理，找到總結句
3.全文型推理：根據全文主要內容找到主旨句 PDF
（四）解題思路：主要有歸納總結和正反推理兩種方法
（五）範例：
①Thattheseas are being overfished has been known for years. ② What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast 迅things are changing. ③They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. ④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. ⑤According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. ⑥In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that____________.
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
解析：從題幹中的「infer」可以看出本題是推理題，找到題幹信息所在段落，可知相關句為 2、5、6 句。2 句說的主要是他們要研究的內容，不是考察的信息，著重看下 5、6 句，意為：根據他們的報告可知，在最初開發的 15 年裡，一個新漁場的大型捕食動物減少了 80%，而在一些嚴重捕魚的區域，自從那以後又減少了一半，這裡需要理清兩句的邏輯關係。
A.在一些舊漁場，大型食肉海洋生物的儲備量已經減少了 90%， 正確
B.現在漁場數量僅為 15 年前的一半，沒有提到漁場數量的對比
C.新漁場現有的捕獲量僅為原來的 20%
D.在新漁場，較大型的海洋食肉動物的數量下降的比舊漁場快。不存在兩個漁場，只是一個漁場
細節題
（一）題型分類：由於細節題沒有明顯的題幹識別詞，我們將從出題種類的角度為大家分出以下幾種常考的類型
1.事實識別：題幹是閱讀材料的一個細節信息，可以找到明顯的對應句
2.邏輯關係：題幹除了材料中的細節信息，還有表示邏輯關係的詞彙，在解題過程中要注意，如：因果關係、轉折關係
3. 觀點類：題幹中涉及作者觀點，解題時要找到相關句
4. 特殊類：題幹中沒有具體細節信息，用問句形式進行考查，如：which,what
（二）解題思路：
1.定位: 根據題幹中的關鍵詞進行定位，尤其注意非名詞
2.答案範圍：找到對應句，多為上下句
3.找答案：到選項中找到同義句
（三）例子分析：
例 1：①For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." ②People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.③IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. ④So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What's the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? ⑤It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?
[A] Answering philosophical questions.
[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
解析：本題是細節題中的第四類，用 which 對文中信息進行提問。根據 in an intelligence test 定位到文中第一段，題幹考查測試內容，進一步定位到第 3 句，意為「詞彙和圖形類比，想像紙摺疊和剪切後的形狀，推導數列順序以及其他相似任務」
A.選項是回答文中另一問題，和題幹不對應
B.原文是要求想像這些形狀，而不是動手去做，錯誤信息
C.原文中沒有提及區分概念
D.「words or graphs」是對「verbal and visual」的替換，「similar」是「analogies」的同義替換，為正確選項
例 2：①The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.②The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version).③Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. ④Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. ⑤Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savan's because __________.
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now
[C]vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat
[D]the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed
解析：本題屬於細節題中的第二類，考察有關因果邏輯的細節。根據題幹定位到本段第 4 句
A. different computational procedures 替換了統計術語，different 替換 rather than,選項正確
B.不對應，造成視覺上幹擾
C.絕對化
D.沒有提及該選項內容
主旨題
（一）題幹中出現 subject, summarize, main idea, mainly about, best title, primarily about, topic 等詞時，可以判斷為主旨句。
（二）題型解析：主旨句主要是考察對全篇文章的概括句或總結句
（三）結題思路：
1.找到相應主題句，雖然不能找到答案原句，但是還是可以找到總結句的，主題句一般出現在首段首尾句，文章開頭轉折或者在文章開頭現象結束處；
2.找到主旨詞, 在全文中多次出現的核心詞彙。
（四）正確選項特徵：
1.不是對文中某一細節的描述
2.不包含文中沒有出現的信息
3.含有文中核心詞的同義詞或替換詞
（五）案例解析：
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 「Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,」 according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
......
women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.（200801）
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A]Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
解析：本題為 2008 年英語一的第一篇文章，受篇幅限制，給出大家首尾兩段。本題為典型的主旨題，需要找出主旨句和主旨詞，從本文第一段第一句可以看出本文主要討論的是女性在面對壓力時的影響，全文出現頻次最多的依舊是「women」和「stress」兩詞，四個選項中最符合的就是D 選項。
A. 沒有談到女性並且非結論句
B. 範圍過大，全文主要講女性的壓力，男性只是作為對比反襯女性壓力的主題
C. 文中的細節信息