隨著英語語言的發展,複合形容詞的數量日益增多,它們一般用在名詞前面作定語,其言簡意賅的修辭效果遠遠是定語從句所不及的。
一、雙詞結構的複合形容詞
1.形容詞+名詞+-ed
cold-blooded (冷血的),good-mannered (懂禮貌的),medium-sized(中型的),whole-hearted (全心全意的),white-haired (長白髮的)
2.名詞+名詞+-ed
copper-cornered (鑲銅角的),honey-mouthed (甜言蜜語的),iron-willed (意志堅決的),chicken-hearted (膽怯的),ox-eyed(大眼睛的)
3.數詞+名詞+-ed
five-roomed(有五個房間的),one-sided (片面的),four-legged (有四條腿的),eight-storeyed (八層樓的)
4.名詞+現在(過去)分詞
drought-enduring (耐旱的),epoch-making (劃時代的),iron-bearing (含鐵的),peace-loving (熱愛和平的),air-powered(氣動的),hand-made (手工制的),frost-bitten (受霜凍的),mass-produced (大量生產的)
5.形容詞+現在(過去)分詞
fine-sounding (好聽的),good-looking(漂亮的),sharp-smelling (氣味濃重的),clear-cut(明確的),ready-made(現成的),green-painted (漆成綠色的)
6.副詞+現在(過去)分詞
fast-approaching (很快就到的),hard-working(勤勞的),thorough-going (徹底的),newly-made(新造的),so-called (所謂的),well-known (聞名的),above-mentioned (上述的)
7.名詞+形容詞
air-tight(不透氣的),colour-blind (色盲的),ice-cold (冰涼的),nation-wide (全國範圍的),radio-photographic (無線電傳真的),dust-free (無塵的)
8.形容詞(副詞)+形容詞
bitter-sweet (又苦又甜的),bloody-red (血紅的),dark-blue (深藍色的),ever-green(常青的),over-anxious (性急的),too-rapid (太快的),under-ripe (未成熟的),ever-victorious (戰無不勝的)
9.形容詞(數詞)+名詞
full-time (專職的),high-grade (優等的),new-type(新型的),long-distance (長途的),low-frequency (低頻的),open-door (門戶開放的),first-rate (第一流的),second-hand(間接的),five-star (五星級的,一流的)
10.介詞+名詞
in-flight(飛機中的),off-line(不在鐵路沿線的),above-ground (在地面上的),off-key (不正常)
11.動詞(分詞)+副詞
back-up (備用的),come-on (有吸引力的),knock-down(可拆開的),see-through (透明的),hand-over (移交的),grown-up (成年的),worn-out (破舊的),switched-on (時新的)
二、多數結構的複合形容詞
1.名詞+連詞+名詞
life-and-death (殊死的(指戰鬥)),sound-and-light(聲光具全的(指演出)),pick-and-shovel(無技術的(工作等)),dot-and-dash (一點一畫相間的),heel-and -toe (競走步伐)
2.動詞+連詞+動詞
open-and-shut(一目了然的),touch-and-go (動蕩不定的),wait-and-see (觀望的),come-and-go(易變的),cut-and-try(試驗性的)
3.形容詞+連詞+形容詞
dead-and-alive(沒精打採的),thick-and-thin(不辭水火的),home-and-dry (大功告成的)
4.名詞+介詞+名詞(多為對等式結構)
eyeball-to-eyeball(=face-to-face)(面對面的),heart-to-heart(誠懇的),word-for-word(逐詞逐字的),day-to-day(日常的),people-to-people (不言而喻的)
5.副詞+介詞+名詞
out-of-door(戶外的),out-of-date(過時的),up-to-standard (合標準的),up-to-date (時新的)
6.形容詞短語式結構
hard-of-hearing(有點聾的),larger-than-life (有傳奇色彩的),ready-to-wear(現成的(衣服)),open-to-all (公開的)
7.其他短語式結構
out-of-the-way(偏僻的),on-and-off-the-road (路面和越野兩用的),all-at-once (同時發生的),state-of-the-art(最新水平的),never-to-be-forgotten (永遠不會忘記的),still-to-be-discovered (尚未發現的)
-