Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1.Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2.In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3.According to Mr.Usmani，with the use of 「swarm intelligence」 phenomenon，a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4.On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5.If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high，other customers tend to follow them.
6.Using the 「swarm-moves」 model，shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7.Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8.People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9.Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10.People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11.Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12.Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys:
1.答案：(freshly baked) bread.(第1段第2行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2.答案：expensive.(第1段第4行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3.答案：impulse buying.(第2段第1句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4.答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products.(第2段第2句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5.答案：screen.(第3段第4行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product.If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.)
6.答案：discounts.(第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani's 「swarm-moves」 model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7.答案：NO.(第4段第3、4句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd，and testing will get under way in the spring.短語 「get under way」的意思是「開始進行」，在Wal-Mart的試驗要等到春天才開始)
8.答案：NOT GIVEN.(在文中沒有提及該信息)
9.答案：YES。(第5段第3句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded，they followed the crowd.)
10.答案：NO。(第5段最後兩句：When the songs are not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced.People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.pronounced的詞義是「顯著的、明顯的」)
11.答案：YES。(第6段第1句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12.答案：YES。(最後一段最後一句：Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.home應該算是everyday life的一部分)
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