對於此刻的準高三學生來說,正在如火如荼地進行高考一模的深度複習。今天開始,推出一個新專題:
近3年高考英語真題專練,很好的寒假複習學習資料,一定要好好利用。今天的真題專練是
語法填空。由於本篇篇幅過長,文章僅展示2020年高考真題專練,想要獲取完整版(2018-2020),關注公眾號,回復語法填空。
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang』e-4 probe (探測器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環形山), more so 65. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang』e-4 66. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】
61.touched
62.extremely
63.where
64.interest
65.than
66.to find
67.means
68.is constructed
69.much
70.its
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。中國成為第一個將太空飛行器降落在月球背面的國家,文章主要介紹了中國無人月球探測器嫦娥四號發射的意義。
61..考查時態。句意:無人月球探測器嫦娥四號——名字的靈感來源於古代的中國月亮女神——上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語,根據時間狀語last week可知應使用一般過去時,故填touched。
62.考查副詞。句意:登錄月球的背面是極其有挑戰性的。空處修飾形容詞challenging,應使用extreme的副詞形式,故填extremely。
63.考查定語從句。句意:中國首先必須把一顆人造衛星送入月球軌道上的一個點,人造衛星可以在這個點向太空飛行器和地球發射信號。分析句子可知,空處引導一個定語從句,先行詞是a spot,關係詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語,應用where引導。故填where。
64.考查名詞。句意:月球背面讓科學家尤其感興趣。根據空前的形容詞particular可知,空處應填名詞,interest是不可數名詞,be of interest to sb.意為「(某物)使某人感興趣」。故填interest。
65.考查介詞。句意:因為它比熟悉的一面有更多的深環形山。根據空前的比較級more so可知,此處填介詞than,表示「比……更」。故填than。
66.考查非謂語動詞。句意:中國的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號上的設備來發現和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的,應使用不定式作目的狀語。故填to find。
67.考查時態和主謂一致。句意:「這真的使科學家們激動,」布朗大學的一位科學家Carle Pieters說:「因為它意味著我們有機會獲得月球是如何構造的信息。」根據上文「This really excites scientists」可知,此處也使用一般現在時,主語是it,所以空處謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式means,故填means。
68.考查時態、語態和主謂一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此處是賓語從句謂語動詞,謂語construct與主語the moon之間是被動關係,應使用被動語態,再由上下文可知此處應使用一般現在時,主語the moon是單數,故填is constructed。
69.考查形容詞。句意:關於月亮構成的數據,比如它含有多少水和其他財富,可以幫助中國決定它未來月球基地的計劃是否實用。ice是不可數名詞,應使用much修飾,故填much。
70.考查代詞。句意同上。根據空後的名詞plans可知,此處應使用形容詞性物主代詞its,故填its。
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more 64. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their 「Lucky Bamboo」 plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68. (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了用一些植物、水果和鮮花裝飾中國新年的寓意。61.考查名詞。句意:中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a後接名詞形式。故填celebration。62.考查主謂一致。句意:這就是為什麼用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。這是一個表語從句,從句主語為動名詞短語decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以謂語動詞用單數形式。故填carries。63.考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們代表著大地的復甦和對新開端的美好祝願。句中謂語動詞為represent,所以這裡為非謂語動詞。名詞earth與come back to之間為主動關係,所以用現在分詞作後置定語。故填coming。64.考查短語。句意:桔子樹不僅僅是裝飾品;more than不僅僅,不只是。故填than。65.考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們是很好的禮物,你會經常看到它們裝飾著紅包和好運的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,與decorate之間為被動關係,所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語。故填decorated。66.考查副詞。句意:當然在假期期間,這種植物是絕對必要的事物。介詞短語做時間狀語,因此只有改變成副詞才能複合句子結構,用副詞形式做狀語。故填Certainly。67.考查短語。句意:竹類植物與健康、富足和幸福的家庭聯繫在一起。be associated with與……相聯繫。故填with。68.考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們很容易照顧,也很適合作為禮物。這裡考查「be +形容詞 + to do」結構。填to care。69.考查形容詞。句意:美麗的長枝上覆蓋著粉紅色的花蕾,做成漂亮的裝飾。修飾名詞branches,用形容詞形式。故填beautiful。70.考查冠詞。句意:雪還在融化時,梅花是第一個開花的。這裡表示特指,所以序數詞first前要加定冠詞the。故填the。閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would63.(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River~perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64. (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67. (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mother Nature.【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了一位畫家畫畫栩栩如生,有一天他將畫送給宰相時,這位睿智的老人告訴他去灕江旅行——也許他可以從世界上最偉大的藝術家那裡學到一些東西。畫家最後發現這位世界上最偉大的藝術家就是大自然母親。61.考查定語從句。句意:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且先行詞在從句中作定語,故應用關係代詞whose。故填whose。62.考查最高級。句意:一天,皇帝想讓人給他畫一幅肖像,於是他把所有偉大的畫家都請來,展示他們最好的作品,以便他挑選最好的。結合句意,皇帝想要畫家最好的作品,表示「最好的」此處應用形容詞最高級finest。故填finest。63.考查動詞語態。句意:畫家確信他會被選中,但是當他把他的傑作送給皇帝的宰相時,這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動詞choose構成被動關係,且would後跟動詞原形。故填be chosen。64..考查名詞。句意:懷著好奇心,藝術家收拾行囊離開了。with為介詞,後跟名詞curiosity作賓語,表示「好奇心」。故填curiosity。65.考查連接詞。句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪裡可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時,他們笑著指著河的下遊。本句為時間狀語從句,表示「當……時候」,且從句中動詞asked為短暫性動作動詞,不能用while引導,故應用when或as引導。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填When/As。66.考查動詞時態。句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪裡可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時,他們笑著指著河的下遊。根據上文they smiled and可知此處應用一般過去時。故填pointed。67.考查非謂語動詞。句意:第二天早上,他租了一條船,出發去找這位著名的畫家。結合句意表示「出發去做某事」短語為set out to do sth.,後跟不定式做目的狀語。故填to find。68.考查副詞。句意:當小船緩緩地沿著江面移動時,山在水中的倒影使他說不出話來。此處修飾動詞moved應用副詞gently作狀語,表示「緩緩地」。故填gently。69.考查非謂語動詞。句意:當他看到霧氣從河上升起,山頂上烏雲環繞,他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結構可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是獨立主格結構做狀語,surround在句中應用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語clouds構成主動關係,故應用現在分詞。故填surrounding。70.考查介詞。句意:這位藝術家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術家——大自然母親所折服。結合句意表示「在世界上」短語為on earth。故填on。閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37. until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43.(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45.people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了博物館藏品的來源及博物館給人們帶來的好處和面臨的挑戰。36.考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀,富人旅行並收集植物、歷史物品和藝術品。此處修飾名詞people,應使用形容詞,做定語。故填wealthy。37.考查連詞。句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家裡,直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世,然後這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據語境可知,前後陳述的是兩者可能性,應使用連詞or:或者。故填or。38.考查動詞時態。句意:例如,漢斯•斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語動詞,根據時間狀語in1759可知,應使用一般過去時。故填formed。39.考查定語從句。句意:例如,漢斯•斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語從句,先行詞是the British Museum,關係詞在從句中做主語,應使用關係代詞which/that引導。故填which/that。40.考查動詞時態及語態。句意:博物館對公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀使用,應使用一般現在時;主語與call是邏輯動賓關係,應使用被動語態,且主語是複數概念。故填are called。41.考查主謂一致。句意:通常,博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實,應使用一般現在時,主語a small part of a museum’s collection是單數概念,謂語動詞應使用第三人稱單數形式,且後面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。42.考查反身代詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,遊客還可以玩電腦模擬遊戲,想像自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors,意為「他們自己」,應使用反身代詞。故填themselves。43.考查非謂語動詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,遊客還可以玩電腦模擬遊戲,想像自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是並列成分,共同做imagine的賓補,imagine sb doing sth. 「想像某人做某事」。故填walking。44.考查名詞。句意:歷史的準確性很重要,但娛樂也很重要。此處做主語,位於形容詞historical之後,應使用名詞,意為「歷史的準確性」。故填accuracy。45.考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業餘時間和金錢。此處是固定短語:compete for,意為: 「為了……競爭」。故填for。閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56.,through agriculture. Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57. could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person 58. hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children. And,as more children were born,more food 59.(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60.(change)lives.By about 6000 BC,people 61. (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later,they learned to work with the 62. (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,63. (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with 64. rise of science,changes began. New methods 65. (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了農業的發展歷史。56.考查介詞。句意:公元前10000年以後,人們第一次真正嘗試通過農業來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知,「they lived _____」應是之前名詞the world的定語從句,定語從句引導詞被省略,可推知先行詞應是在從句中作賓語,即:they lived in the world. live in+名詞,意為「居住在某地」。故填in。57.考查名詞性從句。句意:在幾千年的時間裡,他們開始減少對我們從野外採集的獵物的依賴,而更多地依賴他們飼養的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子,賓語從句部分缺主語,所以引導詞應為「連接代詞」。根據句意,此處缺「什麼」之意。故填what。58.考查固定搭配。句意:農業比狩獵和採集的人均糧食產量更高。結合句意可知,此句中將農業生產與狩獵和採集相比,應用比較連詞than。more… than,意為「比……更」故填than。59.考查時態語態。句意:隨著越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,邏輯主語和need之間表示被動邏輯。同時此處描述的是過去的時間,所以時態應用過去時。故此處應用過去時的被動語態。food為不可數名詞。故填was needed。60.考查非謂語動詞。句意:農業讓人們第一次體驗到技術改變生活的力量。分析句子,簡單句中已有動詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意,此處需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。61.考查時態。句意:大約在公元前6000年,人們已經發現了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養的牲畜。分析句子,簡單句中除了提示詞外無其餘動詞,故此處需用動詞的時態。邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示主動邏輯。by + 過去時間譯為「到…為止」,後面的句子用過去完成時。故填had discovered.62.考查名詞複數。句意:後來,他們學會了因地制宜,在適當的時間播種,在乾旱地區,利用每年的洪水來灌溉農田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為為可數名詞,應用複數形式。故填seasons。63.考查非謂語動詞。句意:後來,他們學會了因地制宜,在適當的時間播種,在乾旱地區,利用每年的洪水來灌溉農田。分析句子,make所處的分句中無主語,故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示「主動」關係。所以此處用現在分詞形式(doing)形式做狀語。故填making。64.考查定冠詞。句意:隨著科學的崛起,事情發生了變化。with the rise of 譯為「隨著.的崛起」是固定短語。故填the。65.考查時態。句意:新方法意味著更少的人從事農業。分析句子,主句部分無其他動詞,故此處需填時態。文章的整體時態是過去時,根據時態一致原則此處也應為過去時。邏輯主語和動詞之間表示主動關係。所以此處填過去時的主動形式。故填meant。