聽力
（2016年新東方大學四級權威解釋）
聽力原文：
News Report 1
The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years. The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.
However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs' agreement to deal with unemployment. 'It's key objective is to play so the center of recovery efforts, measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable.'
Q1. What is the news report mainly about?
Q2. What does, Juan Somavia, the director general of the International Labor Organization say?
News Report 2
Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first of its kind rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. Cathy Nurses is with the New York City department of health, 'We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchased the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure. 'The new rules will introduce as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban and artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus preferably next to the price.
Q3. What are big fast food chains in New York City require to do according to the new rule?
Q4. What would happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?
News Report 3
Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today. But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.
A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents. It is something more practical. The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it's more than that. It's an attitude of doing things. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.
The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a 「Corporate Innovation Fund」 which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees. Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success. It's pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.
Q5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?
Q6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?
Q7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?
Conversation One
M: So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cell phone?
W: Yeah, I text message a lot.
M: I don't do it so much. I prefer to make a call if I'm in a hurry.
W: Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don’t really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask them one question, so it's much easier for me just to text message. If I call them, I'll have to have a long conversation.
M: Yeah, I can see what you mean. But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. I'm not a big talker.
W: Yeah, that's true. You don't talk a lot.
M: So are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb?
W: Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow. I thought I would never text message. But then people kept text messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message. So now I'm pretty fast. What about you?
M: Actually I have the opposite problem. When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with my thumb then. But it seems like now I don't use it so much, I've got slower actually.
W: Yeah, I think text messaging actually is what you have to do with your age. For example, people in high school, they text message a lot. But I ask my father if he texted messages, and guess what he said?
M: What?
W: He said he'd never text message. He thinks it's very childish and unprofessional to text message.
M: Yeah, I can see what he means. It's considered pretty informal to text message to someone.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you've just heard.
Q8: What does the man say about himself?
Q9: What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?
Q10: Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?
Q11: What does the woman's father think of text messaging?
Conversation Two
W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?
M: Well, I'd like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.
W: What seems to be the problem?
M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I've been targeted to do all her work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work.
W: I'm sorry to hear that.
M: And, on top of that, I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I'd finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.
W: But surely that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.
M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don't have such a lot of work to do.
W: So you feel he's really making unrealistic demands on you?
M: Yes, absolutely.
W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?
M: I've tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.
W: Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing else showing that you've tried to solve the problem yourself before you take it further. Makes it clear that you're just not a complainer. Why don't you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?
M: Hmm, I've been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and I'll see what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.
W: Good luck. And let us know the outcome.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you've just heard.
Q12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
Q13. What is the man's chief complaint?
Q14. How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?
Q15. What did the woman advise the man to do?
Passage One
The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger.
New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights. "The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer." says Lawrence Alberstaine, a sleep expert at Harvard University. For example, sleep duration has declined from some 8 hours in the 1950s to 7 in recent years. At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep. People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.
Sleeping better may help fight off illness. "When people are sleep-derived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies which can decrease immune function." says Doctor Felice, of Northwestern University in Chicago. A university of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer. So say good night sooner and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.
Q16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
Q17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?
Q18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?
Passage Two
Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying for a place at a university. But in the same breath will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.
The first decision is your choice of course. It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements? The deadline is January 15th. But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.
The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples.
Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.
Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor.
Q19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at a university?
Q20. What is the most important part of the application?
Q21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?
Passage Three
It is widely believed that German invented the first car in 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport. Many of the early cars had 2 seats. There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.
By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with head lamps, wind screen, rubble tires and number plates. Henry Ford's Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It brought cars closer towards the reach of ordinary people. With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the motor car act. Competency tests were introduced in 1935.
Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is 17. You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test. In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motor way – the Preston Bypass. Until then, no one really understood what a motor way was, not even the laborers who were building it. The bypass held a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism. Service stations came with the motor way and the legend of the transport cafe was born. Of course, the service station has diversified greatly. But whether it’s an English-cooked breakfast or a coffee and a sandwich, one thing has remained the same: the prices.
Q22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?
Q23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?
Q24. Why did Henry Ford's Model T cars cost less?
Q25. What do we learn about the Preston Bypass?
答案及解析：
2016年6月四級考試落下帷幕，本次四級考試格外引人關注，最主要的原因在於聽力題型的改革，在不久前官方發布的樣題當中，新題型「短篇新聞」聽力顯現出了明顯的特徵，那麼在改革後首次考查的新聞聽力真題中，這些特徵是否得到了體現？其他傳統的熱點考點又是否得以延續？接下來筆者為大家做出簡單解析。
本次四級聽力考試的新聞部分，大體延續了「主旨題」+「細節題」的出題模式，三篇新聞幾乎都在開頭出首題，後半部分出細節題，和新東方聽力課堂上的講解和預測保持一致，但是需要注意的是，「主旨題」在此次真題中考查了較為複雜的同義替換，這是樣題中沒有體現的，所以可以斷定，新聞聽力的主旨題還會求新求變，追求更大的難度。
本次四級聽力考試的長對話和短文部分，與往年真題中最大的區別在於，原文重現的題型數量變少，而同義替換的題型數量增多，對於大部分基礎薄弱的考生來說，這無疑不是一件好事，同義替換題型意味著需要看懂選項，並且聽懂原文，對考生的聽力能力要求頗高，所以此次聽力改革，不僅是題型上有改變，更體現在題目的本質上，以前考查應試技巧的原文重現題數目減少，這是對應試性的削弱，而大量增加同義替換題的比重，這是對考生英語聽力能力，以及選項閱讀能力的考查，考生在未來的四六級備考中，要特別注重加強聽力能力和詞彙量，可以大膽地下結論：以後在四六級考試中，英語好的同學必拿高分，英語差的同學，再怎麼修煉應試技巧，總結考試規律，拿高分的的機率也不高。
下面給出答案及解析：
1. C. Rising unemploymentworldwide. 同義替換，原文為「the number ofpeople without jobs is increasing.」
2. C. Few countries haverealised the seriousness of the current crisis. 同義替換，原文為「some countries have taken measures to address theeffects of the global crisis. However, he points out that many countries have notdone so. 」
3. B. Put calorieinformation on the menu. 簡單的同義替換，原文為「to post caloriecounts right on the menu. 」
3. A. They will be fined. 簡單的同義替換，原文為「chains big enough to fallunder the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars 」
5. D. Failure to integrateinnovation into their business. 原文重現，原文為「But not many are able to integrate innovation intotheir business.」
6. B. 原文重現，原文為「many people tend to assumethat innovation just means creating something new」
7. C. Its innovationculture. 相關性考查，原文為「The article citesthe global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool forsuccess. Procter & Gamble has a 「Corporate Innovation Fund」 which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees.Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spendtheir time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovativeideas alone do not ensure success.」
8. D. He does not talk longon the phone. 同義替換，原文為「But I get off thephone pretty quickly when I call. I'm not a big talker.」
9. D. Forget herself. 總結概括，原文為「I thought I would never textmessage. But then people kept text messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn howto text message. 」
10. A. He thought it wascool. 原文重現，原文為「 I thoughtit was so cool to text message all my friends」
11. C. It is childish andunprofessional. 原文重現，原文為「He thinks it'svery childish and unprofessional to text message.」
12. A. He wants to changehis job assignment. 總結概括，從全文對話內容可判斷。
13. A. His workload was muchtoo heavy. 總結概括，原文為「I feel like I'vebeen targeted to do all her work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend toomany meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessarypaper work.」
14. C. His boss has a lot oftrust in him. 原文重現，原文為「 Mr. Bondhas a lot of trust in you.」
15. D. Talk to his boss inperson first. 同義替換，原文為「Why don't yousend an email requesting a meeting with him in private?」
16. A. The importance ofsleep to a healthy life. 總結概括，更具全文探討話題可得知。
17. C. They get less andless sleep. 同義替換，原文為「Some 40% ofAmericans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights.」
18. D. Their blood pressurewill rise. 原文重現，原文為「People who sleepless tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gainand other problems.」
19. B. What course you aregoing to choose. 原文重現，原文為「The firstdecision is your choice of course. 」
20. D. The personalstatement. 原文重現，原文為「The mostimportant part of the application is the much feared personal statement. 」
21. C. Indicate they havereflected and thought about the subject. 原文重現，原文為「They will look for evidence that you have reflectedand thought about the subject.」
22. B. It was built in thelate 19th century. 同義替換，原文為「It is widelybelieved that German invented the first car in 1885.」
23. D. They often brokedown. 同義替換，原文為「so every driverhad to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.」
24. A. They were produced onthe assembly line. 原文重現，原文為「because it wasmade on the assembly line.」
25. C. It marked a new erain motor travel. 原文重現，原文為「The bypass held anew era in motor travel 」
朱傑驊老師
武漢新東方四六級詞彙、聽力教師
•新東方在線四六級教師/新東方教育科技集團優秀教師
•參與編著、主編《戀戀有詞》、《四六級5+5模擬試卷》、
《英語寫作素材大全》、《四六級晨讀美文大全》等多本英語類暢銷書籍
2016年6月18日全國大學英語六級考試已結束，本次考試亦為多題多卷，新東方第一時間收集整理不同版本試題，由老師們給出參考答案及點評，供大家參考。祝小寶貝們一次過~麼麼噠！