常用方位介詞和短語
1
概念引入
本單元學習介詞+定冠詞the+名詞構成介詞短語的用法,介詞後面可以跟名詞和代詞做賓語,構成介詞短語。今天我們主要學習一下用來表示方位的介詞和介詞短語。
2
用法講解
1. on
介詞on表示「在某物之上」的意思,它通常表示一個物體在另一個物體之表面上面。兩者之間有接觸。例如:
Your book is on the desk. 你的書在課桌上面。
There is a ball on the floor. 地板上有個球。
拓展:above 和 over的區別
on指的有接觸面的上面,但是over和above都是沒有接觸面的上面。
over「在……正上方」,與under相對。例如:
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard.
那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。
above只表示「在……上方或位置高出……」,不一定是正上方,與below相對。例如:
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飛機從我們頭上飛過。
The Turners live above us. 特納一家人住在我們的上面。
2. in
介詞in表示「在某物的裡面」,它通常表示一個物體在另外一個物體的內部、中間或者在某個範圍之內。例如:
Your pen is in the pencil case. 你的鋼筆在鉛筆盒裡面。
She is the tallest in her class. 她是她們班最高的。
3. under
介詞under表示「在某物的下面」,它通常表示一個物體在另外一個物體的垂直正下面,兩者之間沒有接觸。例如:
My bike is under the tree. 我的自行車在樹的下面。
The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。
拓展:under和below 的區別
under表示「在……之下」,通常表示位置處於正下方,與介詞over「在……上方」相對應。例如:
There is a book under the table. 桌子下面有一本書。
A cat is sitting under the table.一隻貓在桌子下面。
below表示「在……之下」,「在……的下遊」,與介詞above相對應,常指在某物體之下,但不一定在該物的正下方。例如:He is below the average at school.
他的學習成績在水準以下。
He looked down at the hall below.
他瞧了瞧下面的大廳。
4. behind
介詞behind表示「在某物的後面」,它通常表示一個物體在另外一個物體的後面。例如:
Your brother is behind the tree. 你的弟弟在樹的後面。
She is standing behind her mother. 她站在她媽媽的後面。
5. next to
next to是由形容詞next和介詞to構成的介詞短語表示「緊挨著、在某物的旁邊」的意思。例如:
The table is next to the wall. 桌子緊挨著牆。
6. between
介詞between表示某個物體、某人位於兩者之間,通常表示一個人、物處於另外兩個人、物之間。例如:
Your desk is between the door and the window.
你的課桌位於門和窗戶之間。
Lily sits between Mary and Ann.
麗麗坐在瑪麗和安中間。
拓展:between和among的區別
between指兩者之間, among指三者或三者以上的人或物之間。
例如:The teacher is among the students.老師在學生們中間。
7. outside
outside指「在……外面」例如:
There are many people outside the room. 房間外有很多人。
What did you see outside the hall? 你在大廳外看見了什麼?
8.near
near在……附近,與far相對。例如:
A hospital was built near the railway station.
在火車站附近建了一所醫院。
My home is near the school. 我的家離學校很近。
9.in front of, in the front of
in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示「在……前部」,指裡面。例如:
A river flows in front of the house.
房子前有一條河。
There is a boy in the front of the car.
車的前座坐著一個小男孩。
10. around
around在……周圍,圍繞。例如:
There are many trees around the village.村子周圍有很多樹圍繞。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞臺周圍擺著鮮花。
11. at
「at」意為「在……」,可以用在地點前也可以用在時間前。 例如:
Let’s meet at the school gate. 我們在學校門口見面吧。
I get up at seven o』clock. 我七點起床。
鞏固練習
Ⅰ. 把下列詞組翻譯成英語。
1. 在沙發上_____________
2. 在桌子底下____________
3.在你的背包裡____________
4. 在抽屜裡___________
5. 在教室(外部)前面__________
Ⅱ. 單項選則。
1. Your computer is ______ to the door.
A. behind B. on C. in D. next
2 The map is ____ the wall ____ our classroom.
A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of
3 Look! The window is _____ the wall and the picture is _____ the wall.
A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in
4 -Where is my ball? I can’t see it. Look! It’s _____ the door.
A. on B. in C. at D. behind
5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile ______ her face.
A. on B. to C. in D. at
6. My father is ill (生病), He is ______.
A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed
7. There is a map ofChina______ the wall in the classroom.
A. in B. on C. under D. at
8. There are three windows ______ the wall.
A.in B. on C. at D. to
9. There are many oranges ______ the tree. A bird ______ the tree is eating an orange.
A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in
10. -What time do you usually go to bed?
-I usually go to bed ______ 11:00.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
11. We can see ______ old bike ______ the tree.
A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under
12. My hats and coats are ______.
A. on the bed
B. under desk
C. in room
D. under the my bed
13. He put up a map ______ the back wall because there was a hole ______ it.
A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at
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