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Passage One
Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.
What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted definition of boredom is "the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable. to engage in satisfying activity.」 But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom scale, developed in 2008, measures a person's felings of boredom in a given situation.
Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutar films, during which they could self-administer elecric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.
But boredom isn't all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur activity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more incentive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.
.In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.
46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition?
A) When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.
B) When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.
C) When they experience something unpleasant.
D) When they engage in some routine activities.
47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?
A) Determination
B) Mental deterioration
C) Concentration
D) Harmful conduct
48. What is the findings of one team of psychologists in their experiment?
A) Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
C) Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
D) Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.
49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?
A) It stimulates memorization.
B) It may promote creative thinking.
C) It allows time for relaxation.
D) It may facilitate independent learning.
50. What does the author suggests one do when faced with a challenging problem?
A) Stop idling and think big.
B) Unlock one’s smartphone.
C) Look around oneself for stimulation.
D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.
【答案】ADBBD
46. A)When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.
【解題思路】根據題幹關鍵詞 an accepted psychological definition定位到第二段第二句。句中「being unable to engage」與A選項中「don't have the chance to do」為同義改寫;「satisfying activity」與A選項中的「what they want」為同義改寫。A 選項忠於原文信息，故選A。
【幹擾排除】B選項中的「studying materials」;C選項中的「experience unpleasant」;原文中沒有提到，屬於無中生有。D選項中的 「engage in」出現在定位句中，但「routine activities」答案句中未出現。
47. D) Harmful conduct
【解題思路】題幹問作者認為「boredom」會導致什麼，定位第三段第一句。該句中「inattentive driving， mindless snacking， excessive drinking 」等都是由無聊引起的不良行為，對應選項D的harmful conduct，即有害的行為。
【幹擾排除】ABC 選項意思分別為：決心、注意力和智力衰退，與答案句不符。
48.B)Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
【解題思路】根據題幹關鍵詞「findings」「team of psychologists」和「experiment」定位到第三段第二句。第三段提及的實驗表明：許多志願者寧願「self-administer electric shocks」也不願忍受無聊，該部分與B選項完全吻合， 故選B。
【幹擾排除】選項A意為「志願者寧願看無聊電影也不願獨自無聊地思考」，與答案句意義相反。C選項中的男女志願者的比較文中沒有提到，為無中生有。D選項意為「多數志願者不能忍受無聊超過15分鐘」，答案句中並未提及，故排除。
49. B) It may promote creative thinking.
【解題思路】根據題幹定位到第四段第五句，該段首句表明「無聊並非一無是處，無聊可以刺激活動。」在該段下面的論述中，實驗人員證明了「boredom」促使志願者完成「creative challenge」，該句與B選項為同義改寫， 故選B
【幹擾排除】選項A意為「刺激記憶」，未提及。選項詞意為「無聊帶來放鬆和時間」，同樣未提及。D選項中的「facilitate independent learning」在答案句中並未出現。
50. D)Allow oneself some time to be bored.
【解題思路】根據題幹中的關鍵詞「a challenging problem」定位第五段。第五段首句表明「無聊是有益處的」;該段第二句中的「watch paint dry or water boil」均為作者的建議，這些「無聊」的行為也許能幫助人們想出解決問題的妙招。故D選項複合題意。
【幹擾排除】AB選項與答案句意思相反;C選項文章並未提到，故均可排除。
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