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【聽音頻，也可猛戳左下角「閱讀原文」】
Alice: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，歡迎收聽英語六分鐘，我是愛麗絲。
Neil: And I’m Neil.
我是尼爾。
Alice: So, Neil, what’s the best holiday you』ve ever had?
尼爾，你所度過最愉快的假期是哪個?
Neil: That would be scuba diving on the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia. It was awesome! I saw sharks, sea turtles, manta rays. . .
是在澳大利亞大堡礁潛水。那段經歷太棒了！我看到了鯊魚、海龜、蝠鱝……
Alice: I certainly don’t like the idea of coming nose to nose with a shark! But then diving isn’t really my thing. I’m more into cultural holidays – you know, visiting the ruins of ancient civilisations.
我真的不喜歡和鯊魚面對面接觸。潛水也不是我的菜。我更喜歡具有文化氣息的假期，例如參觀古老文明的遺蹟。
Neil: That’s very worthy, Alice. But tourists are actually damaging a number of important sites around the world– tramping around, dropping litter, scribbling graffiti everywhere…
那很有意義啊，愛麗絲。但是遊客們也破壞了很多世界上重要的遺產，隨處踩踏、亂扔垃圾、亂寫亂畫……
Alice: I would never drop litter or scribble graffiti!
我從來沒有亂扔垃圾，亂寫亂畫!
Neil: Well, we’re talking about world heritage sites today, which are places UNESCO considers to be at risk from various threats and in need of protection. Heritage means the things a society considers important to its history and culture, for example art, buildings, or natural sites such as the Grand Canyon in the United States.
今天我們要談論的就是世界遺產，世界遺產是指聯合國教科文組織認為那些遭受各種威脅，需要保護的地方。遺產是指一個社會認為對其歷史和文化至關重要的東西。例如，藝術、建築、自然景觀，像美國的大峽谷。
Alice: And the environment poses a number of different threats. So, Neil, can you tell me which sea creature is a potential threat to the Great Barrier Reef’s ecosystem? Is it a …a) starfish? b) jellyfish? Or c) cuttlefish?
環境變化也給這些遺產帶來了許多威脅。尼爾，你能告訴我哪種海洋生物會對大堡礁的生態系統構成威脅嗎？a)海星b)海蜇還是c)烏賊？
Neil: I will go for b) jellyfish. I’m no expert on marine life, but I have eaten jellyfish and I haven’t eaten the other ones.
我選b)海蜇。我不是海洋生物專家，但我吃過海蜇，沒吃過其他兩個。
Alice: Oh, I see. Well, we』ll find out later on if you are an expert or not. But let’s listen now to BBC reporter Roger Harrabin talking about other types of threat to heritage sites. See how many you can spot!
好吧。稍後我們再看你是不是專家。我們來聽聽BBC記者羅傑·海拉賓所談論的對遺產構成的各類威脅。看你能數出多少種！
The most precious wonders of the natural world– Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, America’s spectacular Grand Canyon, the Barrier Reef of Belize in South America, second biggest on Earth – all facing threats from humans. The Great Barrier Reef is attracting urgent concern. There’s a huge battle over mining and port development. A giant coalmine has just been given the go-ahead by the Queensland government even though scientists warn it may damage the Reef.
自然界最珍貴的奇蹟——澳大利亞大堡礁，美國壯觀的大峽谷，世界第二大堡礁南美貝里斯堡礁——都面臨著自人類的威脅。大堡礁的處境得到了人們的關注。礦業和港口的發展存在巨大爭執。昆士蘭政府著力優先開採大型煤礦，即便科學家告誡他們這會損害珊瑚礁。
Neil: That’s the BBC’s Roger Harrabin. Well, I spotted a couple of threats to heritage sites there – mining and port development. Now, any type of industrial activity can harm them by, for example, encroaching on the natural habitat of animals and plants living there, or by polluting the water that flows into the site.
上述是BBC記者羅傑·海拉賓的看法。我聽出兩個威脅——採礦和港口的發展。任何形式的工業活動都會破壞遺產型景區，如侵佔動植物自然棲息地，或汙染的水源流入景區。
Alice: Mining is the process of extracting coal or other minerals from the ground, and if you encroach on something, it means you move beyond acceptable limits. The interesting thing is that world heritage sites only constitute 0.5% of the Earth’s surface – so why can’t people do their mining and industrial development on the remaining 99. 5%!
採礦是指將煤或其他礦石從地面採出。侵犯某物，是指你的活動範圍超出了可接受的範圍。有意思的是全世界遺產類景觀只佔地球表面的0.5%。那為什麼人們不能在剩下的99. 5%的土地上採礦，發展港口！
Neil: But there is one human industry that can actually be beneficial for precious sites: tourism.
但有一項產業對保護這些珍貴的景觀有利：旅遊業。
Alice: But you said earlier that tourism was bad for heritage sites.
但你之前說過旅遊業不利於保護遺產。
Neil: I know. And I was right, up to a point. World heritage sites are some of tourism’s main attractions, and more and more people are visiting them. So it’s all about getting the balance right between generating money to maintain and restore the sites and minimizing the impact of tourist activities.
我知道，在一定程度上我的是對的。世界遺產是旅遊業中的主要景點，越來越多的人們前來參觀。所以吸收資金維護和修繕景點和將旅遊活動的影響降至最小，這二者之間要達到平衡。
Alice: Such as littering and graffiti.
例如亂扔垃圾，亂寫亂畫。
Neil: Exactly. And the term for this is sustainable tourism – or tourism designed to have a low impact on the local culture and the environment, while generating employment for local people.
沒錯。有一個術語叫做可持續旅遊，即對當地文化和環境產生較小影響的旅遊，同時也會給當地居民創造就業機會。
Alice: So UNESCO is working to direct governments, site managers and visitors towards sustainable tourism practicesin order to keep our world’s natural and cultural heritage safe for future generations.
所以聯合國教科文組織試圖引導政府，景點經營者，以及遊客向可持續旅遊發展，為我們的後代保護好大自然和文化遺產。
Neil: Wow, you can really talk the talk, Alice. You should work for UNESCO!OK, let’s move on now, and listen to Paul Crocombe, of the Snorkelling and Diving Company in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, giving his view on how the Great Barrier Reef will cope with threats to its survival.
你說的頭頭是道。你應該為教科文組織工作！好了，我們繼續說，來聽聽保羅·克羅科姆的看法，他在位於澳大利亞昆士蘭湯斯維爾的Snorkelling and Diving Company公司工作，他會講述大堡礁如何應對威脅，得以存活。
The Reef’s fairly dynamic, it’s been through a couple of ice ages, and is still here, so its resilience will ensure that the Reef is still here in years to come. But the species diversity and the… the visual aesthetics of the Reef may change quite considerably, especially if we get an increase in sea temperature, an increase in carbon dioxide in the water, and things like that.
珊瑚是非常有活力的，它們挺過冰河時期，仍然存在著，其強大的恢復力可以保證珊瑚年復一年的存在。但種類的多樣性，以及視覺上的美感會發生很大的變化，尤其是當海水溫度上升，水中的二氧化碳增加以及類似情形的出現。
Alice: Paul Crocombe describes the Reef as 』dynamic』 and ’resilient』.
保羅·克羅科姆認為珊瑚非常有活力，並且恢復力極強。
Neil: Dynamic means active or capable of changing and resilience means the ability to recover or adapt to change – which all sounds good. But Paul also says that the species diversity – the range of plants and animals – may change.
Dynamic是指活躍的，能夠改變的，resilience是指適應改變，並得以恢復的能力。這聽上去都很好。但保羅表示種類的多樣性，也就是動植物的種類也許會發生改變。
Alice: For example, a rise in sea temperature would cause a rise in carbon dioxide levels – and this could have a big impact on both the species diversity and the Reef’s visual aesthetic – or the way it looks.
例如，海水溫度上漲，會造成二氧化碳含量增加，這會對珊瑚的物種多樣性以及視覺美感產生影響，視覺審美也就是它看上去的樣子。
Neil: OK, I think it’s time now for the answer to today’s quiz question, Alice.
好了，我覺得是時候公布今天問題的答案了。
Alice: Yes, I think so too. OK, so, I asked you: Which sea creature poses a potential threat to the Great Barrier Reef’s ecosystem? Is it a type of … a) starfish, b) jellyfish or c) cuttlefish?
我也這麼覺得。好了，我問你，哪種海洋生物會對大堡礁的生態系統造成威脅？a) 海星, b) 海蜇 還是 c) 烏賊？
Neil: And I said b) jellyfish.
我選的是 b) 海蜇。
Alice: And you got stung, I’m afraid, Neil!
恐怕你答錯了！
Neil: Ouch!
天啊！
Alice: The answer is starfish. The crown-of-thorns starfish preys on coral and large outbreaks of these starfish can devastate reefs. Now, can you remind us of some of today’s vocabulary, Neil?
正確答案是海星。棘冠星魚會捕食珊瑚蟲，大量的海星會摧毀珊瑚。你能幫我們回顧一下今天學到的單詞嗎？
Neil: Sure:
當然：
heritage
遺產
encroach on something
侵犯某物
sustainable tourism
可持續旅遊
dynamic
有活力的
resilience
恢復力
species diversity
物種多樣性
visual aesthetic
視覺美感
Alice: Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!
今天的英語六分鐘就到這裡了。請記得收聽我們下期的節目。
Both: Bye!