BBC·6分鐘英語 | 提高記憶力

BBC 6 Minute English 是 BBC Learning English 出品的英語學習節目。每周一期，每期約6分鐘，兩位主播圍繞某個話題展開對話，非常適合英音愛好者模仿學習。

Transcript

Note：This may not be a word-for-word transcript

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.This is the programme where in just six minutes we discuss an interesting topic and teach some related English vocabulary.在這個節目中，我們將在六分鐘內討論一個有趣的話題並教授一些相關的英語詞彙。And joining me to do this is Rob.Hello… err sorry Neil, how long did you say this programme is?Six minutes – it's 6 Minute English, Rob.Right. OK. Sorry, what's your name again?Neil! My name is Neil. Rob, what has happened to your memory? !Sorry, Neil – too many things on my mind, it's affecting my short-term memory, but what I can remember is that in this programme we're talking about improving our memory.抱歉，尼爾，我腦子裡想的事太多了，這影響了我的短期記憶力，但是我能記住的是，在這個節目中我們要討論的是提高我們的記憶力。We are and I think you might find it quite useful!我們是要討論提高記憶力，而且我想你可能會發現它相當有用！Storing information is an important function of our brains and scientists are always looking at ways to improve it, but also to stop it deteriorating – or becoming worse.儲存信息是我們大腦的一項重要功能，而且科學家們一直在尋找方法提高記憶力，阻止記憶力變差。Yes, and we all know that memories – that's the noun word for things we remember from the past – are nice to have, but also important for remembering who people are, where things are kept and how things look.是的，我們都知道擁有記憶力很好——那是一個名詞，指的是我們從過去開始記住的事情，但是記住人們是誰、東西放在哪裡以及事物的樣子也很重要。Soon we'll be discussing a new idea for improving your memory but not before I've set today's quiz question.稍後我們將會討論提高記憶力的一種新方法，但不是在我設置今天的問題之前。There are many ways we can improve our memory but one way is through the type of food we eat.我們提高記憶力有很多方法，但有一種方法是通過我們吃的食物類型。According to the BBC Food website, which type of food supports good memory function?Is it… a) eggs b) spinach, or c) bananas?Well, as a kid I was always told that spinach was good for me – Popeye ate it to make him strong – so I'll say b) spinach.嗯，當我還是個孩子的時候，我總是被告知菠菜對我有好處——大力水手吃菠菜讓自己強壯——所以我選b)菠菜。Well, I'll have the answer later on.Now, let's talk more about improving our memory.現在，讓我們來談談更多關於如何提高我們記憶力的內容。Memory is the ability to encode, store and recall information, but a number of factors can affect people's memory processes including health, anxiety, mood, stress and tiredness.記憶力是編碼、存儲和回憶起信息的能力，但有許多因素可以影響人們的記憶過程，包括健康狀況、焦慮情緒、心情、壓力和疲勞感。That's why, for example, if you're taking an exam it's important to get a good night's sleep and to keep healthy.那就是為什麼，例如你參加考試的時候，晚上睡個好覺和保持健康是很重要的。But Neil, when you're revising for an exam, what helps you to remember facts?但是尼爾，當你在為考試複習的時候，什麼能幫助你記住東西呢？I tend to write things down again and again and again and again.Well, that's one way. But people have different styles to help them remember.好吧，那是一種方法。但是人們有不同的方式來幫助自己記憶。According to the BBC's iWonder guide, there are three different styles - visual, auditory and kinaesthetic, that's learning by 'doing' and practicing something over and over again.根據BBC的iWonder指南，有三種不同的方式——視覺、聽覺和動覺，即通過"做"和反覆練習來學習。But recently, a new study has come up with a method that could possibly be the best way to improve your memory and that's by drawing.但是最近，一項新的研究提出了一種可能是提高記憶力最好的方法，那就是繪畫。Daryl O'Connor, who's Professor of Psychology at the University of Leeds, has been speaking about it on the BBC Radio 4 programme, All In The Mind.英國利茲大學心理學教授達裡爾·奧康納在BBC廣播4頻道All In The Mind節目中談到了這一點。See if you can work out why…The authors certainly argue that one of the things that happens by drawing these particular objects, that it leads to this increased contextual representation of the object in one's mind…畫作作者確實認為通過繪畫這些特定物體會產生的事情之一就是那會導致某人頭腦中與該物體相關的內容增加……It makes a lot of intuitive sense – the idea that if you have encoded something in a greater level of detail, it's like you're more likely to remember it…它會產生大量直覺——那是說如果你對某事物進行了更詳細的編碼，你好像就更可能會記住它……It's much stronger than just remembering writing down the words.OK, so let's try to explain that.Drawing something leads to increased contextual representation of the object.When something is contextual, it is in the situation where it usually exists.So as you draw something you are creating a picture in your mind about what it is, how you use it and where it is used.所以當你繪畫某物時，你在腦海中就它是什麼，如何使用以及在哪裡使用而創造出一幅圖畫。I wonder if this means artists have good memories…Maybe. Daryl O'Connor says that when you draw you are encoding something in a greater level of detail, more than you would by just writing things down.也許吧。達裡爾·奧康納說，當你繪畫時，你是在對某事物進行更詳細的編碼，而不僅僅是把它們寫下來。Encoding is changing information into a form that can be stored and later recalled.編碼是將信息轉換成一種可以存儲以及後期回憶起來的形式。That's because as you draw, you're thinking about different aspects of the object.He says it makes intuitive sense.Intuitive means it is 'based on feelings rather than facts or proof' - so, you just feel it is the best thing to do.直覺指的是"基於感覺，而不是事實或證據"——所以，你只是覺得那是最好的做法。Of course this is just one more way to improve your memory.I have also heard that doing crossword puzzles and Sudoku can help, especially when you're older.我同樣聽說玩填字遊戲和數獨會有所幫助，尤其是當你年紀大一些的時候。Yes, as we get older we can often have more difficulty retrieving information from our memory and people with Alzheimer's find it very difficult to encode information, so any way to keep our memory working is a good thing.是的，隨著年齡增長，我們從記憶中檢索信息常常會變得更加困難。而且阿爾茨海默患者發現很難對信息進行編碼，因此，能保持我們記憶力的任何方法都是好的。Basically we need brain training!Brain training and eating the right food Rob!You might remember that earlier I asked you, according to the BBC Food website, which type of food supports good memory function?你可能還記得早些時候我問你，根據BBC美食網站，哪種食物具有良好的記憶功能？Is it… a) eggs b) spinach, or c) bananas?I do remember and I said b) spinach.And that is sort of the wrong answer. In fact they were all correct.某種程度上來說那是一個錯誤的答案。事實上，它們都正確。They are all examples of food that can help support good memory.Apparently, foods rich in B vitamins are important as they provide protection for the brain as we age and support good memory function.顯然，富含維生素B的食物很重要，因為隨著我們年齡的增長，它們為大腦提供保護，並具有良好的記憶功能。I think it's time to change my diet!Now on to the vocabulary we looked at in this programme.So today we've been talking about our memory.We use our memory to remember things and memories is the noun for things we remember from the past.我們用記憶力來記住事情，記憶力是我們從過去開始記住的事情的名詞。Then we discussed a learning style known as kinaesthetic, that is learning by 'doing' and practising something over and over again.然後我們討論了一種稱為動覺的學習方式，即通過"做"和反覆練習來學習。We heard from Professor Daryl O'Connor, who talked about contextual representation.我們聽達裡爾·奧康納教授談到了"有前後關係的表達"。When something is contextual, you see it in the situation where it usually exists.當某事物有前後關係時，你會在它通常存在的情境中看到它。Next we talked about encoding.That is changing information into a form that can be stored and later recalled.那就是將信息轉換成一種可以存儲和稍後回憶起來的形式。And we mentioned intuitive sense – having an intuitive sense means doing something 'based on feelings rather than facts or proof', so, you just feel it is the best thing to do.我們提到了直覺——憑直覺意味著做某事是"基於感覺而不是事實或證據"，所以，你只是感覺它是最好的做法。And finally we mentioned Alzheimer's – a disease affecting the brain that makes it difficult to remember things and it gets worse as you get older.最後我們提到了阿爾茨海默病——一種影響大腦的疾病，它使人很難記住事情，而且隨著年齡的增長，它會變得更糟。Well there are lots of new words to remember there – but that's all for this programme.好吧，有很多新單詞要記住，但以上就是本期節目的全部內容。Don't forget to visit us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube and our website bbclearningenglish. com.別忘了訪問我們的Facebook、Twitter、Instagram、YouTube和我們的網站bbclearningenglish。com。

素材來源於網絡，僅供學習使用，平臺只是分享，不代表贊同任何立場，如仍然不慎侵犯您的權益，請留言刪除。編輯不易，新朋友記得加個關注，老朋友記得右下角點個在看，謝謝！

更多信息及更新，歡迎加關注