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2011年12月四級閱讀真題解析之passage1
2011-12-20 09:18
來源：北京新東方綜合能力部
作者：呂永華
應綜合能力拔高班的學生要求，現把剛剛過去的四級考試的精細閱讀部分的解析和學生分享。
由於篇幅限制，本篇解析僅僅分析passage one。後續其他閱讀真題的解析將會陸續跟上，歡迎同學持續關注。
一 2011年12月四級閱讀真題第一篇文章的原文和翻譯
Passage One
Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.
男校是教會男孩表達情感和使他們參與藝術、舞蹈、音樂等活動的絕佳場所。
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (陽剛)， the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, a US study says.
一個美國研究表明，女孩的不在場可以給男孩提供一個機會去毫無壓力地去和原型符合，這一原型絕對不是具有進攻性的陽剛文化中的傳統形象。
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped developed their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".
據說，在單一性別學校的男孩更有可能去參與一些文化和藝術活動，這些活動幫助培養他們的感情表達能力，而不是讓男孩們感覺他們必須去符合隱藏自己情感的"男孩準則"，以便從而成為一個"真正的男人"。
The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
這個研究的結論和人們普遍接受的看法不一致，按照人們普遍的看法，男孩在和女孩一起接受教育的時候表現會更出色。
Tony Little, head master of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.
伊頓公學的校長Tony Little警告說，英國的教育體系正在傷害到男孩，因為它過分關注女孩。他批評老師們沒有認識到男孩子事實上要比女孩子更加得多愁善感。
The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.
這項研究認為男孩之所以在混合學校表現得更加差，是因為在同齡女孩在說話和閱讀上早期表現更加出色的時候，這些男孩感到了沮喪。
But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
但是在單一性別的學校，老師們可以將課程調整得更加適應男孩得學習風格，讓他們在教室裡跑來跑去，並且讓他們小組競爭從而避免乏味。維吉尼亞大學的Abigail James, 也就是本研究的作者如是說。
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(女性的) and prefer the modern genre (類型) in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.
老師們可以鼓勵男孩用適合男孩的方法去閱讀和寫出能夠吸引男孩的主題和人物角色的作品。因為男孩大體上來說會有更敏銳的視角，通過觸摸的方式會學習更快，並且非常喜歡動，他們需要可以觸摸的課程，他們可以走來走去。在混合學校的男孩們會把古典音樂看出女性化的，從而更喜歡充滿暴力和性別主義主題的現代流派，James寫到。
Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel that they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.
男孩一般會覺得他們必須符合男孩原型，即在戀愛關係中，男人必須是主人，必須處於掌控地位，施行單一性別教育就會使上述情形發生的可能性減少。在混合學校中，男孩還未理解表現男人氣概的真實含義時，就已然迫於形式不得不表現得像個男人了。此研究報導如是說。
二 文章結構分析
北京新東方學校綜合能力部中級閱讀呂永華老師認為這篇文章屬於對立觀點型的文章。作者用新穎的"男孩在男校成長更好"的觀點和傳統的認為"男孩和女孩在一起接受教育效果好"的觀點形成對立。
對立觀點的文章結構無外乎有三種，請同學們記住：1）正反正結構；2）反正正結構；3）正反平行對比結構。
本篇文章採用的是正反正結構。即在第1段作者提出了自己認同的觀點，我們稱之為正方觀點。然後用第2段和第3段展開來說。第4段十分短，這樣的段落都是充當承上啟下作用的段落，第5段開始闡述傳統的觀點給男學生帶來的危害，在本文就是反面描述。（注意：在考試中，一般傳統的任何東西，都是錯誤的，這是個小秘訣哦）；第6段指明為什麼男孩在混合學校中會表現不好的原因。第7段的第一個單詞but告訴我們文章又發生了轉折，回到了正方觀點確立的路徑，再次指出男校對於男孩生長的好處。
三 題目分析
1. The author believes that a single-sex school would __________.
A. force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"
B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys
C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man
題目分析：答案為C。
本題為細節題，答案來自於首段第1句話: Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions…。A選項和第1段的觀點衝突；B選項從第2段的第1句話的觀點中可以知道是錯誤的。"far from"的含義為"根本不是"。D選項說到的加強男孩靠攏傳統男人形象並未在文章內提及。
2. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys __________.
A. perform relatively better
B. grow up more healthily
C. behave more responsibly
D. receive a better education
題目分析：答案為A。
本題為細節題。考察反方觀點的內容。
答案出處來自於第4自然段。（上過我的課的同學，應該記得我說過的話吧：段落比較多的文章，文章中上部的獨句成段的段落非常主要，起到承上啟下的作用和引進重要信息的作用。）選項BCD都是要麼語焉不詳，要麼無中生有。
3. What does Tony Little says about the British education system?
A. It fails more boys than girls academically.
B. It focuses more on mixed school education.
C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.
D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.
題目分析：答案為C。
本題為細節題，考察人物觀點。相當考驗學生逆向思維的能力。
答案出處來自於第5自然段第2行because之後的那句話：…it had become too focused on girls.這句話逆向說明男孩子沒有得到適當的關注。選項A是偷換概念，加入了academically這個詞改變了意思。選項BD都是無中生有的選項。
4. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is __________.
A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted
C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in
D. teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit
題目分析：答案為A
本題為細節題，考察人物觀點。考察的第7自然段but 之後的內容。（上過我課的同學知道，我說過but, however 之後是必出題的。）
5. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report?
A. They enjoy being in charge.
B. They conform to stereotypes.
C. They have sharper vision.
D. They are violent and sexist.
題目分析：答案為C。
本題為細節題。考察的是第8自然段because的內容。（又是because句，有木有？！）
其實這道題變相的考察詞彙量，涉及的詞彙就是acute。acute的低級版本就是sharp。acute的含義是"敏銳的"。
（實習編輯：劉偉）
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