最近剛讀完 The Elements of Teaching,簡單說就是英文版《師說》。全書共,我推薦英語老師們都讀讀。
我的推薦理由是:
1)英語老師無論教什麼年齡段,我都建議要多讀全是英文的書。小說、名著、業務相關,別那麼挑,都讀一讀。一來保持學習的習慣,持續提升英文;二來給自己和教學找點樂子和靈感;
2)這本書結構非常清楚,內容是有關教學的技能和心態,可以作為「教師的自我修養」對號入座繼而修行,離更優秀的老師更優秀的自己更進一步。
下面是我的讀書筆記,也分享給你。
...teachers are and must be thinkers in their own right, not just doers who happen to teach and possess the skill to do so. Their minds must be continually restocked and nourished...True teacher liberates the thinking of others.
一位合格的老師首先自己要持續學習。要想有趣,得先有料;要想讓學生有興趣,自己得先熱愛呀。
老師和家長常常抱怨孩子不願意學XX、對XX沒興趣,可是有沒有問過自己的興趣和熱情是什麼?生活對誰都不易,柴米油鹽讓許多人開始混、熬,然後把夢想指望下一代,自己擰巴學生也痛苦。
Order 一章中也說,老師要以身作則。你想要你學生成為什麼樣的人,你首先得做個榜樣:
Order necessitates that teachers set good examples. The virtues expected of students must first be evident in teachers: industry, patience, punctuality, honesty, clarity, perseverance, seriousness, dependability, and consideration. Habits of self-discipline in a teacher provide models for their students and justify teacher's high expectations of those they teach.
2. Authority
認真讀下面這段話:
Yet paradoxically, a teacher can also gain authority by denying it—that is, by acknowledging ignorance. The simple "I don't know, and I wish I did," or "I can't answer that question, and I wish I could" are clarifying through their direct honesty—and imply a yearning to know.
「權威」不是一言堂,不是不苟言笑。關係上保持一定距離,防止 Familarity breeds contempt;專業技能上自己要持續學習,別覺得能把教科書教明白就夠了——你得是自來水才能給學生一杯水。
最重要的是別把自己的職業神化,錯了就認、不懂別裝懂大大方方的承認。別要求自己無所不知永不犯錯,把每一個錯誤和盲點當作自己和學生成長的機會,把每一個「I don't know」變成「Let's look it up」「Let's find out together」。
3. Ethics & Imagination
Ethical teaching means setting high standards and expectations and inspiring students to meet them.
教師的職業道德之一是挑戰你的學生,去「stretch」:
老師希望學生相信自己,自己也要首先相信學生。他覺得難學,你覺得難教,但咱們別放棄別糊弄,一起嘗試解決問題。想做到這一點,除了教學技能, 還需要老師有「Imagination」:
Good teachers thus have the ability somehow to imagine themselves in the students' places and then to help those students imagine themselves in other times, locations, and circumstances not immediately present to their senses and, for the most part, never previously experienced.
imagination 是因材施教的前提,是相信學生能夠學的會、知識可以傳授,也是柳暗花明又一村的靈感。
4. Compassion & Tenacity
你為什麼教英語呢?是職業選擇養家餬口?是喜歡和孩子相處?還是你相信語言的力量?你難以忍受無知和愚蠢?無論如何,做老師的靈魂來自內心深處的 compassion:
Compassion in teaching is therefore not simply affection; it is an emotional reaction to the ignorance of the young, which creates in teachers a desire to wrestle with ignorance, substitute knowledge, and establish order and certainty wherever students' intellectual chaos and doubt are evident.
compassion 在拉丁語源中表示「suffering with」,也就是我們要多點感同身受——Those who have forgotten how hard it was to attain their achieved levels of mastery in a discipline will never be successful or happy instructors.
compassion 是我們自己持續進步、對學生多些耐心的基礎,同時我們還需要 tenacity 調節助力。tenacity 的拉丁詞源表示「握住」,它是老師的信仰,如同汽車裡的油,一般看不見,但沒有它哪裡都去不了。
有沒有覺得怎麼教都教不會、自我懷疑、想放棄的時候?這都非常正常。tenacity 就是接受自己的失敗——你要相信,「教育」是持續的,可能目前學生沒有學會這個知識,但很多東西可以發生在教學之外,要相信自己的付出是值得的。
全書的最後一章標題是 Pleasure。老師開心點,學生也能開心點,大家都開心點,進步也就快一點兒。對老師來說,「開心」不只是一種隨機的狀態,還應該是一種能力——調節自己、影響他人的綜合能力。這樣看來,「開心」更是一種策略選擇,是終身修行的目標。
以上是我讀這本書的摘抄和心得。書中很多道理都是老生常談,一讀就會覺得自己「早就懂了」。我的建議是耐心點、謙虛點讀一讀,從中獲取些方法、方向、啟發、安慰,接著這個機會認識自己反思自己——這又回到了全書的第一條 Learning。
能一直學,還能把自己的所學教給別人,這可能是世界上幸福感最高的事情了吧!