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「短文改錯」題型的解題技巧
下面簡單談談「改錯題」題型的解題技巧。
英語短文改錯其實不難，很多錯誤都是一些我們常見的錯誤，但正因為是我們經常會犯的錯誤，所以找出這些錯誤就不是一件容易的事情。因此我們必須掌握這些常見的錯誤，了解一些設題的技巧，加上我們平時英語知識的積累，那麼問題也就迎刃而解了。
設錯的內容多為我們在平常進行語言訓練時常犯的錯誤。應注重以下技巧：
１、注意分行的技巧性。
上一行的末尾和下一行的開始，往往是我們容易忽視的地方，不易找到錯誤所在，從而影響了改錯的成績。要密切關注行尾和行首的接連處，注意它們之間的語法關係或邏輯關係，儘快找到設錯點，從而儘快改正。
２、要以句子為單位而不是以行為單位進行判斷。
改錯題的要求是：短文中共有10處錯誤，並沒有說每行或每句都有錯誤。有的句子有1-2處錯誤，有的句子可能沒有錯誤，因此，在找錯時不能以行為單位來找，要以完整的句子為語言單位進行判斷。
３、注重上下文之間的邏輯關係。
在短文改錯題中，有時設錯的內容與短文上下文的時態、人稱等有密切的關係，如果只從一個單句來考慮，而不關註上下文的各種邏輯關係，就可能造成判斷失誤。
4、具體來說可從以下幾方面入手：
1. 冠詞：注意固定結構，特指泛指等。
2. 名詞：注意單複數，可數不可數，主謂一致等。
3. 代詞：注意前後一致，人稱代詞偷換錯用，少代詞等。
4. 形容詞/副詞：注意形容詞副詞混用，比較級最高級用法，修飾比較級的副詞等。
5. 介詞：注意固定短語、介詞後賓語形式、介詞的缺少或多餘等。
6. 連詞：注意定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句和並列句中連詞的誤用。
7. 動詞：注意時態/語態，第三人稱單數，非謂語動詞，上下文時態一致等。
8. 一些固定結構的誤用。
總之，做短文改錯，首先要通讀全文，從語篇入手，理解文章大意；然後，在理解大意的基礎上，把文章劃分為若干小句子，審查句子結構；再從語法結構入手，逐句逐行地進行語法改錯；最後通讀全文進行最後一次檢查。
高考英語短文改錯彙編（2014-2018）
1. 2018全國1
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
Keys:
1. 冠詞：to後加the 2. 動詞：find→found 3. 代詞：another→other
4. 副詞：here→there 5. 名詞：chicken→chickens 6. 連詞：which→where/which前加in
7. 動詞：sell→selling 8. 形容詞：happily→happy 9. 介詞：刪去for
10. 連詞：but→and
2. 2018全國2
When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. I didn t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
Keys:
1. 名詞：Friday’s→Friday 2. 名詞：sort→sorts 3. 冠詞：the→a
4. 動詞：watching→watch 5. 動詞：刪去not後to 6. 代詞：us→me
7. 動詞：unwilling前面加was 8. 介詞for→with 9. 動詞：are→were
10. 連詞：where→when
3. 2018全國3
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well." Immediate, I raised my hand.
Keys:
1. 動詞：begin→begun 2. 動詞：wait→waiting 3. 連詞：and→or
4. 動詞：eager後加to 5. 代詞：myself→my/the 6. 連詞：刪去afraid後that
7. 形容詞：larger→large 8. 動詞：include→includes 9. 名詞：mistake→mistakes
10. 副詞：Immediate→Immediately
4. 2017全國1
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, 「Speed up!」 「Slow down!」「Turning left!」I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
Keys:
1. 數詞：eighteen→eighteenth 2. 冠詞：在first前加the/my 3. 連詞：so→but/yet
4. 動詞：goes→went 5. 名詞：word→words 6. 動詞：Turning→Turn
7. 副詞：刪去much 8. 副詞：late→later 9. 形容詞：suddenly→sudden
10. 介詞：on→of
5. 2017全國2
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet.When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
Keys:
1. 代詞：all→both或刪去all 2. 冠詞：a→an/one 3. 動詞：interesting→interested
4. 連詞：that→which 5. 副詞：earlier→early 6. 介詞：刪去for
7. 副詞：Beside→Besides 8. 名詞：informations→information 9. 動詞：came→comes
10. 動詞：在pick前加to
6. 2017全國3
When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
Keys:
1. 介詞：刪去of 2. 動詞：had→have 3. 連詞：and→but
4. 動詞：took→taken 5. 動詞：become→became 6. 冠詞：在picture前加the/this
7. 連詞：they→that/which 8. 形容詞：difference→different 9. 形容詞：late→latest
10. 代詞：your→my
7. 2016全國1
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
Keys:
1. 連詞：that→where 2. 連詞：刪去but 3. 動詞：had→have
4. 名詞：honest→honesty 5. 連詞：or→and 6. 動詞：using→used
7. 介詞：dreams後加of 8. 冠詞：the→a 9. 代詞：our→his
10.副詞：steady→steadily
8. 2016全國2
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
Keys:
1. 動詞：how→what 2. 動詞：chose→choose 3. 動詞：take→taking
4. 連詞：but→and 5. 冠詞：world前加the 6. 代詞：your→our
7. 名詞：knowledges→knowledge 8. 動詞：can→should或刪去can 9. 動詞：thought→think
10. 代詞：many→much
9. 2016全國3
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
Keys:
1. 名詞：year→years 2. 形容詞：worse→worst 3. 冠詞：刪去the
4. 代詞：yourself→myself 5. 代詞：such→so 6. 動詞：tell→told
7. 形容詞：freely→free 8. 動詞：wear→wearing 9. 介詞：to→for
10. 代詞：need前加I
10. 2015全國1
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we ll live to regret it.
Keys:
1. 動詞：think→thought 2. 冠詞：在countryside前加the 3. 連詞：or→and
4. 介詞：on→with 5. 動詞：刪去been 6. 形容詞：seriously→serious
7. 名詞：airs→air 8. 形容詞：Much→Many 9. 動詞：found→find
10. 代詞：your→our/the
11. 2015全國2
One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,「How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.」 Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
Keys:
1. 名詞：parent→parents 2. 介詞：on→in 3. 副詞：刪去very
4. 動詞：looks→looking 5. 連詞：where→that或刪去where 6. 動詞：begun→began
7. 動詞：telling→told 8. 冠詞：a→the 9. 代詞：saw後加his
10. 副詞：terrible→terribly
12. 2014全國1
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（聖女果）in our back garden. Since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
Keys:
1. 副詞：before→ago 2. 介詞：by→of 3. 名詞：year→years
4. 動詞：had→have 5. 冠詞：在result前加a 6. 副詞：somewhere→everywhere
7. 形容詞：taste→tasty 8. 代詞：much→many 9. 連詞：刪去but或but→yet
10. 形容詞：wonderfully→wonderful
13. 2014全國2
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
Keys:
1. 代詞：They→There 2. 動詞：didn t→don t 3. 代詞：many→much
4. 介詞：with→for 5. 名詞：hour→hours
6. 動詞：look→looks
7. 冠詞：刪去the 8. 動詞：sat→sit
9. 介詞：在music前加to 10. 形容詞：helpfully→helpful
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