1. When was it invented?
…was invented …句意為「某物被發明……」,是被動句式。例如:
The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese.
算盤在十六世紀由中國人發明的。
【拓展】
一般過去時的被動語態
1. 被動語態表示句子的主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作承受者。
2. 被動語態基本結構:be+及物動詞的過去分詞
被動語態中的be 是助動詞,有人稱、數和時態的變化。
被動語態的結構是:主語+be done(及物動詞的過去分詞),be是隨人稱和時態變化而變化的。
(1)一般現在時的被動語態:am/ is/ are done 例如:
The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class.
黑板每節課都被學生擦乾淨。
(2)一般過去時的被動語態:was/ were done例如:
The computer was invented last century.
電腦是上個世紀被發明的。
(3)一般將來時的被動語態:shall/will be done 例如:
A new school will be built in our village next year.
明年一所新的學校將在我們村莊建設。
(4)現在進行時的被動語態:am/is/are being done 例如:
A sports meeting is being held in our school now.
運動會正在我們學校舉行。
(5)現在完成時的被動語態:have/has been done 例如:
All of the work has been finished since I came here.
自從我來這裡以來,所有的工作都已經完成。
(6)含有情態動詞的被動語態:can/may/must/should be done 例如:
Your homework must be handed in after school.
你們的家庭作業必須在放學後交上。
(7)複合賓語的被動語態:原來的句子是「主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語」,在變被動語態的時候只能將賓語變為被動語態的主語,賓語補足語變為被動語態的主語補足語。主動語態中賓語補足語是省掉to的不定式時,在被動語態中需要還原to。
They heard her sing an English song at the party.
他們在晚會上聽到她唱了一首英語歌。
變為被動語態是:She was heard to sing an English song at the party.
2. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
sth. be used…是被動語態句式,表示「某物被使用……」。常用如下搭配:
(1)be used for 意思是「被用來做某事」,for是介詞,它的後面用名詞或者動名詞作賓語。例如:
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來割東西的。
(2)be used as意思是「被作為……使用」,as是介詞,意思是「作為」。它強調被當作工具或者手段來使用。例如:
Our classroom is used as a reading-room.
我們的教室被用來當閱覽室使用。
(3)be used by意思是「被……使用」,by後面跟人或者物,表示強調動作的使用者。
This radio is often used by my mother.
這臺收音機經常被我的媽媽使用。
(4)be used to do something意思是「被用來做某事」,和be used for doing是同義詞短語。
It is used for learning English.=It is used to learn English.
它是被用來學習英語的。
3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was…
It is said that…是一個固定搭配的句型,it是形式主語,真正的主語是後面的that從句。它的思是「據說……」。例如:
It is said that Mary is very happy in London. (主語從句)
= They say that Mary is very happy in London.(賓語從句)
據說瑪麗在倫敦是非常幸福的。
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另外類似的句型有:It is believed…(人們相信),It is reported that …(據報導),It is supposed that… (據猜測)。例如:
It is believed that on December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in history was played.
人們相信歷史上首次籃球比賽是在1891年12月21日舉行的。
It is supposed that there is no life on the moon.
據推測月球上是沒有生命的。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
據報導又有一顆衛星上天了。