一.過去分詞作定語常用來修飾名詞或代詞。
及物動詞的過去分詞既可以表示被動又可以表示完成;不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成。
過去分詞作定語分為前置和後置兩種情況
1)前置定語:單個的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾詞之前,但有些單個的過去分詞習慣上放在所修飾詞語的後面,如left(剩餘的)
There is nothing left except some pie.除了一些餡餅外什麼也沒剩下。
This is a used stamp. 這是一張用過的郵票。(used表示被動和完成)
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.(fallen表示完成)
他們正在打掃院子裡的落葉。
There is little time left. Let』s hurry up. 剩餘時間不多了,我們快點兒吧。
( left表示被動和完成)
2)後置定語:過去分詞短語作定語,通常放在被修飾詞之後,它的作用相當於一個定語從句。
Is this the book recommended by the teacher?
= Is this the book which is recommended by the teacher?
這是老師推薦的那本書嗎?
(recommended by the teacher表示被動和完成)
At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.
起初,大約在公元450和公元1150之間,英國人所說的英語和他們現在所說的英語有很大的不同。
spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150和spoken today作定語,修飾前面的English,表示被動。
That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是魯迅寫的書。
(written by Lu Xun表被動和完成)
Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
如今中國出產的稻米有60%以上出自這種雜交水稻。
( produced in China表被動)
二 過去分詞作狀語
過去分詞作狀語,通常放在句首,且用逗號隔開,可表示時間,原因,伴隨,條件等。。
Born in 1930, Yuan graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953.
袁博士出生於1930年1953年畢業於西南農業大學。
(Born in 1930作伴隨狀語,表被動和完成)
Viewed from above, the valleys form the shape of a man.
從上往下俯瞰,山谷呈現人形輪廓。
(Viewed from above表被動,作條件狀語或時間狀語)
While left alone, her son acquitted himself very well.
雖然被丟下沒人照看,她兒子還是表現得非常好。
(While)left alone表被動和完成,作時間狀語。
Viewed as a tool of international communication, English is important.
被看作國際交流的工具,英語很重要。
(Viewed as a tool of international communication表被動,作原因狀語)