專題十五 狀語從句
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狀語從句的定義 用來修飾動詞和形容詞，以表明動作發生或狀態存在的時間，地點，原因等等的句子叫做狀語從句。
狀語從句的分類
一、時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句表示時間，引導詞有：when, while, as, till, until before, after, since等。
時間狀語從句的引導詞所表示的意思不盡相同，要注意把握不同引導詞所表示的不同時間關係，以及它在具體句子中對應的時態、語態等問題。
注意：as(在……時候，因為)，since(自從，因為)，它們可以引導時間從句，並強調主句和從句的動作同事發生。並且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：
(1)While my mother was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(read是延續性的動詞，read和watch同事發生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。(對比)
(2)when(當……的時候)，引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性動詞，也可以是瞬間動詞。從句動作可與主語動作同事發生，也可在其後發生。
I was reading a book when she came into my room.(come是瞬間動詞，只能用when引導，不能用while)
I often missed my home when(while) I lived in NewYork.(live是延續性動詞，when可用while代替)
(3)when和while的區別還在於：while引導的時間狀語從句多用於進行時態，而when引導的時間狀語從句多用於一般時態。
While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他們談話的時候，上課鈴響了。
(4)as譯作 「一邊……一邊」、「隨著……」，側重主句和從句的動作同時發生。有時可與when，while通用。
We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。(as表示「一邊……一邊」)
As you grow, you will know more and more。隨著年齡的增長，你會懂得越來越多。
2.till或until引導的時間狀語從句
till，until(直到……才)：一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調句型中多用until。till不可以在句首，而until可以放在句首。
注意：如果主句中的的謂語動詞是瞬間動詞時，必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。例如：
I didn’t go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。(go to bed 是瞬間動詞，主句用否定形式)
I talked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止
I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作
Please wait until I arrived.在我到達之前等我。
3.since引導的時間狀語從句
Since(自從)：引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞，也可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動作用現在完成時。但在It is+時間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現在時。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以後，你到哪裡去了?
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我們老闆離開北京有五個月了。
4.由before和after引導的時間狀語從句
注意：(1)before(在……之前)：引導的從句不再用否定的謂語。
(2)當主句用將來時，從句總是用現在時;如果before引導的從句謂語用的是過去時。則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現動作發生的先後。
(3)after(在……之後)：表示主句動作發生在從句動作之後。如果主句用的是過去時，則從句多用過去完成時。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之後，我們回家了(從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時)
5.由as soon as ,immediately, directly ,instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引導的時間狀語從句：這些連詞都表示「一……就」。例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早飯，我立即到那裡去。
The moment I heard the news, I went to the school. 我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了學校。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。
注意 hardly(scarcely，rarely)……when,before，no sooner …than相當於 as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時態。當hardly，scarcely, rarely和 no sooner位於句首時，主句應用倒裝語序。例如：
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in ,我剛坐下，他就進來了。
二、原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句表原因，常見的引導詞有：because(因為)，since(既然)，as(既然)，for(因為)
1.becausey引導的原因狀語從句一般放於主句之後，because表示直接原因，語氣最強，回答why引導的疑問句必須使用because。
I do it because I like it..
——Why didn’t he come yesterday?
——Because he had something important to do.
注意 「not……because」 結構中的not否定的是because引導的整個從句，例如：The country is not strong because it is large.國強不在大.
2.Since引導的原因狀語從句一般位於主句之前，表示已知的、顯然的理由。通常被翻譯成「既然」，較為正式，語氣比because弱。。
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics,既然今天你休息，你最好幫我補習數學。
3.as引導原因狀語從句時表示附帶說明的「雙方已知的原因」，語氣比since弱，較正式，位置較靈活，常放於主句之前。
As it is raining, you』d better take a taxi，既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽車。
4. for引導的原因狀語從句並不說明主句行為發生的直接原因，只提供一些輔助性的補充說明，for引導的原因狀語從句只能放於主句之後並且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能見過我，因為我不在那裡。
三、條件狀語從句
引導條件句常用的連詞有if(如果)，unless(如果不，除非)等，條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句一樣，表示將來要用一般現在時態。
We won’t let you in unless you show your pass.
If you fail again this time,what will you do?
(1)if引導的條件狀語從句表示將來時，要用一般現在時代替，主句仍使用一般將來時態。
(2)將if引導的賓語從句和狀語從句進行混淆考查，賓語從句中的if表示「是否」，可以使用一般將來時。
四、讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句表示「雖然，即使，儘管」。引導詞有although，though，even though, even if都表示「雖然，即使，儘管」之意。主句中不能用but，但可用yet、
Though和although語氣較弱(其中的though比although通俗，不如although正式)，even if和even though帶有強調意味而顯得語氣更強。例如：
Although they are poor ,they are happy yet.雖然他們很窮，但很快樂
The article is very important though it is short.那篇文章雖然很短，但很重要。
Even though it was raining, she walked to work.即使下雨，她也是走著去工作的。
I』ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes.今晚我將去拜訪他，即使我只能停留一小會兒。
注意though引導的讓步狀語從句的用法比較特殊，它可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝。
五、地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句常由where和wherever引導，通常可置於主句之前或之後。
如：We should go where(ver) we are most needed,我們要去最需要我們的地方。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
六、目的狀語從句
目的狀語從句通常由so that, in order that 引導，所引導的從句通常放在主句後面。目的狀語從句中的謂語常含有may (might),can (could),shall ,will 等情態動詞。
如：He always takes a seat in the first row so that/in order that he can hear better.
= In order that he can hear better, he always takes a seat in the first row.為了聽得更清楚，他總是坐前排的座位。
七、結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so that, so…that, such…that等引導，放在主句之後，so…that與such…that句型在一定條件下可轉換。
如：He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.
= He made so excellent a speech that everyone admired him.
他的演講如此精彩以至於每個人都很欽佩他。
注意 so that 引導結果狀語從句和目的狀語從句的辨別
so that從句之前有個逗號的常為結果狀語從句，因表示某一行為帶來的結果，從句中的時態常為過去式;
so that從句中有may(might)，can(could)，should, will等情態動詞的通常是目的狀語從句。
如：I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks.(目的)我儘可能地寫清楚些，這樣可以得高分。
He went to the lecture early so that he could get a good seat.(目的)他很早就去聽報告了，以便可以找到一個好座位。
He went to the lecture early, so that he got a good seat.(結果)他很早就去聽報告了，這樣他就找到一個好座位。
八、比較狀語從句
1.比較狀語從句常由as…as，not so(as)，than引導。比較從句部分常為省略句。
如：His brother is as handsome as he (is)/him.(非正式英語中可用賓格him)他弟弟和他一樣英俊。
He swims faster than any other student in his class(does).他比班上其他任何人都遊得快。
2.通常把the more…the more…結構也歸為比較從句，意為：「越…越」。
如：The harder you work, the greater progress you』ll make.你越努力學習，就會取得越大的進步。
The less she worried, the better she worked.她擔心得越少，就工作得越好。
九、方式狀語從句
1.方式狀語從句常由(just)as(像…)，as if/though(好像)引導，表示動作的方式。
如：Do exactly as the doctor says.一定要按照大夫的話去做。
He walked slowly as if/though he had hurt his leg.他慢慢地走著，仿佛是腿受了傷。
註：在非正式問題中有時會用like代替as引導方式從句。
2.as if/though引導的狀語從句，若描述非事實情況，常用虛擬語氣，若描述的是實際情況，用陳述語氣。
如：She treats the orphan as if/though he was her own child.她對待孤兒就像是她自己的孩子一樣。(他是孤兒，當然就不是她親生孩子，故用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if/though it’s going to rain.看起來天像是要下雨了。(本句用的是陳述語氣，說明天真象是要下雨了。)
實戰演練(2×50) 計分:
1. I don’t know if it tomorrow ,if it , we won’t go on a picnic.
A. rains; rains
B. will rain; rains
C. will rain; will rain
2. We can’t go to the zoo ___ the weather is fine tomorrow.
A. unless B. if C. because
3. Just work hard, ____ your dream will come true.
A. but B. and C. or
4. Don’t cross the street ____ the traffic lights are green.
A. after B. until C. when
5. ____ they may not succeed, they will try their best.
A. Though B. Because C. Unless
6. We will have no water to dink we don’t protect the earth..
A. until B. before C. if
7. Luckily, all the students got out of the teaching building if fell down.
A. until B. before C. after
8. My grandma didn’t go sleep I got back home.
A. where B. until C. as soon as
9. Uncle Wang gave all his savings to the Hope School ______he himself was not rich.
A. because B. as if C. though
10.You』ll do better you are more careful with your spelling.
A .if B. before C. although
11.The sports meeting will continue it rains this afternoon.
A. if B. since C. unless
12.I』ll give her the message she comes back.
A. till B. before C. as soon as
13.Jim is going to be a doctor when he _______ .
A. will grow up B. grows up C. grow up
14.—Did you catch what the teacher said?
—No. She spoke so fast I couldn’t hear her very clearly.
A .which B. that C. when
15.The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her.
A. so that B. because C. since
16. Study hard, _______ you will catch up with your classmates.
A. and B. or C. but
17. Several days has passed _________ the terrible earthquake happened in Japan.
A. after B. since C. as
18. It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _______ it stops.
A. When B. since C. until
19. _________ it’s difficult to make her dream come true, but she never gives up.
A. Though B. / C. Because
20. ____ you go to the party, you will have a good time.
A. If B. Though C. Because
21.--- Is WuDong at school today ?
---- No, he is at home____ he has a bad cold.
A. When B. Though C. Because
22.There are many books on math in the bookshop that he can’t decide which to choose.
A. so B. too C. such
23.He got up early he could get to school on time
A. even though B. as if C. so that
24.She is short she can’t reach the buttons of the lift
A .so, that B. such, that C. too, to
25.---Mum, what did the doctor say ?
--- He asked me to live ____ the air is fresher.
A. where B. when C. because
26.The piano in the other shop will be ____ ,but____.
A. cheaper ; not as better B. more cheap; not asbetter
C. cheaper ; not as good
27.All of us haven’t seen Mike he left our city.
A. when B. until C. since
28. they are poor, yet they are very honest.
A. Because B. Although C. When
29. ---What was the party like?
---Wonderful. It’s years __________I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. since
30. Why do you want a new job __________you got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. when
31. You will be late ______________you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if
32. We won’t give up ______________we may fail ten times.
A. even if B. since C. whether
33. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _________.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is arriving
34. The volleyball match will be put off if it _______________.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained
35. It rained___ heavily that they didn’t come.
A. as B. too C. so
36. I often visited Tian』an Men Square ____________I was staying in Beijing.
A. until B. during C. while
37. He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.
A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what
38. __________the rain has stopped, let’s continue to work.
A. Because B. If C. That
39. They waited __________it was dark
A. until B for C. because
40. You will catch a cold _____________put on more clothes.
A. if you don’t B. if you will not C. until you
41. We had hardly got to the station __________it began no rain.
A. until B. since C when
42. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem __they themselves
couldn’t.
A. once B. then C. while
43. My name is Robert, ___________most of my friends call me Bob for short.
A. then B. instead C. however
44. Hurry up, _______ you will be late.
A. and B. or C. but
45. Several days has passed _________ the terrible earthquake happened in Japan.
A .after B. since C. as
46. _________ he is young, he knows a lot.
A. Though B. / C. Because
47. My friends always go shopping when _____.
A. it is sunny B. it will be sunny C. it is raining
48. We are not sure if the bus _____ on time. If it _____ on time , we will take a taxi.
A. comes; doesn’t come B. will come; won’t come
C. will come; doesn’t come
49. Lucy came to the library early _____ she borrowed her favorite book.
A. since B. for C. so that
50. We couldn’t get to school on time ____ it was raining heavily.
A. because of B. because C. though
參考答案1—5BABBA 6—10CBBCA 11—15CCBBA 16—20ABCBA 21-25CACAA 26—30CCBCC 31—35AABBC 36—40CBAAA 41—45CCCBC
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