Nano Research
Review Articles
Boride-based electrocatalysts: Emerging candidates for water splitting
Zhijie Chen1, Xiaoguang Duan2, Wei Wei1, Shaobin Wang2, Zejie Zhang3, and Bing-Jie Ni1,*
1 University of Technology Sydney, Australia
2 The University of Adelaide, Australia
3 Central South University, China
In this work, the authors reviewed the recent development of transition metal borides-based electrocatalysts for water splitting.
293–314
Emerging wet electrohydrodynamic approaches for versatile bioactive 3D interfaces
Mehmet Berat Taskin, Lasse Hyldgaard Klausen, Mingdong Dong, and Menglin Chen*
Aarhus University, Denmark
Wet electrohydrodynamics is an emerging technique that enables multi-functionalization of submicron fibers as 3D macrostructures with tunable nano-topography and homogeneous chemical modifications in one single step.
315–327
Research Articles
In situ construction of porous hierarchical (Ni3–xFex)FeN/Ni heterojunctions toward efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Minglei Yan1, Kun Mao1, Peixin Cui2, Chi Chen3, Jie Zhao1, Xizhang Wang1, Lijun Yang1, Hui Yang3, Qiang Wu1,*, and Zheng Hu1,*
1 Nanjing University, China
2 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
3 Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
The porous hierarchical hetero-(Ni3–xFex)FeN/Ni composites are in situ constructed for the efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the optimized catalyst exhibits an excellent performance with a low overpotential of 223 mV@10 mA·cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 68 mV·dec−1, high Faradaic efficiency of 97.6% as well as a high stability.
328–334
NaV6O15: A promising cathode material for insertion/ extraction of Mg2+ with excellent cycling performance
Dongzheng Wu1, Jing Zeng1, Haiming Hua1, Junnan Wu1, Yang Yang2,*, and Jinbao Zhao1,*
1 Xiamen University, China
2 Guangdong University of Technology, China
Herein, we have prepared the enlarged layer spacing NaV6O15 with many vacancies for the Mg2+ insertion. The NaV6O15 not only exhibits high discharge capacity (119.2 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 20 mA·g−1), but also expresses the good rate capability.
335–343
Electrostabilized homogeneous dispersion of boron nitride nanotubes in wide-range of solvents achieved by surface polarity modulation through pyridine attachment
Mi Se Chang1,2, Min-Sun Jang1, Sangsun Yang1, Jihun Yu1, Taehoon Kim1, Sedong Kim3, Hyomin Jeong3, Chong Rae Park2,*, and Jae Won Jeong1,*
1 Korea Institute of Materials Science, Republic of Korea
2 Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
3 Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea
This study demonstrates the dispersion of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in diverse solvents with the use of pyridine for applications in thermally conductive composite, nanofluid, and reinforced fiber.
344–352
A non-rigid shift of band dispersions induced by Cu intercalation in 2H-TaSe2
Pengdong Wang1, Rashid Khan1, Zhanfeng Liu1, Bo Zhang1, Yuliang Li1, Sheng Wang1, Yunbo Wu1, Hongen Zhu1, Yi Liu1, Guobin Zhang1, Dayong Liu2, Shuangming Chen1,*, Li Song1,*, and Zhe Sun1,3,*
1 University of Science and Technology of China, China
2 Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
3 CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), China
Taking advantage of X-ray absorption fine structure and angle- resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we studied how Cu intercalation influences the host TaSe2 layers in Cu0.03TaSe2 crystals. By examining the changes of band dispersions, we show that the variation of electronic structures is related to the bonding and charge transfer between intercalated Cu and Se atoms.
353–357
UV illumination enhanced desorption of oxygen molecules from monolayer MoS2 surface
Yuhang Wang1,*, Zhiquan He1, Jinbing Zhang1, Hao Liu1, Xubo Lai2, Boyang Liu2, Yibao Chen2, Fengping Wang1,*, and Liuwan Zhang2,*
1 University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
2 Tsinghua University, China
The ultraviolet (UV) illumination enhanced O2 desorption on monolayer MoS2 is demonstrated by electrical, optical and Kelvin probe techniques. The photo-excited charge transfer photodesorption model is proposed.
358–365
One-step rapid synthesis, crystal structure and 3.3 micro-seconds long excited-state lifetime of Pd1Ag28 nanocluster
Xinzhang Lin1,4, Hengjiang Cong2, Keju Sun3, Xuemei Fu1,4, Wanchao Kang5, Xiuli Wang5, Shengye Jin6, Ren』an Wu7, Chao Liu1,*, and Jiahui Huang1,*
1 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
2 Wuhan University, China
3 Yanshan University, China
4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
One-step rapid protocol was developed to synthesize novel Pd-doped Ag nanocluster with high yield. The prepared [Pd1Ag28(S- Adm)18(PPh3)4]2+ nanocluster exhibits intriguing crystal structure, high purity, strong near infrared (NIR) fluorescence, unique optical fingerprint and unexpectedly long excited-state lifetime.
366–372
Activating proper inflammation for wound-healing acceleration via mesoporous silica nanoparticle tissue adhesive
Zhao Pan1, Kai-Run Zhang3, Huai-Ling Gao1, Yong Zhou3, Bei-Bei Yan1, Chi Yang2, Zhi-Yuan Zhang2, Liang Dong1, Si-Ming Chen1, Rui Xu3, Duo-Hong Zou2,3,*, and Shu-Hong Yu1,*
1 University of Science and Technology of China, China
2 Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
3 Anhui Medical University, China
Mesoporous nanoparticles were used as tissue adhesive to reconnect the wounded tissues. Due to unique structure, the elimination of mesoporous nanoparticles occurred synchronously with tissue rebuilding, which prevents persistent inflammation and allows accelerating healing.
373–379
Carbon nanostructure morphology templates nanocomposites for phosphoproteomics
Susy Piovesana1, Daniel Iglesias2, Manuel Melle-Franco3, Slavo Kralj4, Chiara Cavaliere1, Michele Melchionna2, Aldo Laganà1,5, Anna L. Capriotti1,*, and Silvia Marchesan2,*
1 Sapienza Universitadi Roma, Italy
2 Universita di Trieste, Italy
3 University of Aveiro, Portugal
4 Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
5 University of Salento, Italy
Nanocomposites are prepared from different carbon nanostructure scaffolds for magnetite and titania nanoparticle nucleation and growth. Their performance surpasses the commercial reference in NanoHPLC-MS/MS analysis of cancer cell lysates for phosphopeptide enrichment and detection.
380–388
Silver nanoparticles-decorated and mesoporous silica coated single-walled carbon nanotubes with an enhanced antibacterial activity for killing drug-resistant bacteria
Yu Zhu, Jia Xu, Yanmao Wang, Cang Chen, Hongchen Gu, Yimin Chai*, and Yao Wang*
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
The nanoplatform of silver nanoparticles-decorated and mesoporous silica coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs@mSiO2-TSD@Ag) exhibits much enhanced antibacterial properties against multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in vitro, and remarkably improved abilities of bacterial clearance and wound healing promoting in vivo.
389–400
Unadulterated carbon as robust multifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and oxygen transformation
Fantao Kong, Yu Qiao, Chaoqi Zhang, Xiaohong Fan, Aiguo Kong*, and Yongkui Shan*
East China Normal University, China
A novel boric acid-splicing and pyrolysis treatment strategy is proposed to fabricate the sponge-like unadulterated carbontube- graphene complexes (D/G-CTs) with hierarchical porous arthitecture as highly efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts with widespread application prospect for oxygen transformation and overall water splitting in the sustainable energy conversion techniques.
401–411
Revealing the anion intercalation behavior and surface evolution of graphite in dual-ion batteries via in situ AFM
Kai Yang1, Langlang Jia1, Xinhua Liu2, Zijian Wang1, Yan Wang1, Yiwei Li1, Haibiao Chen1, Billy Wu2, Luyi Yang1,*, and Feng Pan1,*
1 Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China
2 Imperial College London, UK
In situ atomic force microscope (AFM) reveals the PF6− anion intercalation in graphite-based dual ion batteries (DIBs) and monitors electrolyte decomposition and graphite structure evolution at nanoscale.
412–418
Stable wide-temperature and low volume expansion Al batteries: Integrating few-layer graphene with multifunctional cobalt boride nanocluster as positive electrode
Li-Li Chen1, Na Li1, Huifeng Shi3, Yuefei Zhang3, Wei-Li Song1,*, Shuqiang Jiao1,2,*, Haosen Chen1, and Daining Fang1,4
1 Beijing Institute of Technology, China
2 University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
3 Beijing University of Technology, China
4 Peking University, China
Multi-functional cobalt boride nanoclusters are employed into few-layer graphene for achieving composite positive electrode for Al batteries, which present enhanced electrochemical and mechanical stability along with broadened operation temperature range (−30–60 °C). The results suggest exclusive advantages using integrated ionic intercalation-redox reaction mechanism for designing and fabricating advanced wide-temperature Al batteries.
419–429
In situ fluorinated solid electrolyte interphase towards long-life lithium metal anodes
Shan-Min Xu1,2, Hui Duan2,3, Ji-Lei Shi2,3, Tong-Tong Zuo2,3, Xin-Cheng Hu2,3, Shuang-Yan Lang2,3, Min Yan2, Jia-Yan Liang2,3, Yu-Guo Yang1, Qing-Hua Kong1,*, Xing Zhang2,3,*, and Yu-Guo Guo2,3,*
1 Beijing Jiaotong University, China
2 Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
PHALF solid electrolyte interface (SEI) composed of flexible polymer substrate and inorganic LiF is constructed by one-step in situ photopolymerization serving as an artificial SEI, which is stiffness- enough to suppress dendrites growth and stable to protect lithium metal anodes from side reactions in high operating voltage systems.
430–436
Hierarchical coupling effect in hollow Ni/NiFe2O4-CNTs microsphere via spray-drying for enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Xuefeng Yu1, Guanyu Chen1, Yizhe Wang2, Jiwei Liu3, Ke Pei1, Yunhao Zhao1, Wenbin You1, Lei Wang1, Jie Zhang1, Linshen Xing1, Jingjun Ding1, Guangzhou Ding1, Min Wang1,*, and Renchao Che1,*
1 Fudan University, China
2 Shanghai University, China
3 Hangzhou Dianzi University, China
The novel nanostructure design for Ni/NiFe2O4-CNTs composite microsphere (< 14 μm) forcibly-assembled by zero-dimensional nanoparticles units (< 16 nm) and one-dimensional self-supporting CNTs has endowed the composite with enriched polarized heterojunction interface and hierarchal conductive network, which thus have facilitated greatly catalytic activity and conductivity, ultimately improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance.
437–446
Boosting electrocatalytic water splitting via metal-metalloid combined modulation in quaternary Ni-Fe-P-B amorphous compound
Wukui Tang, Xiaofang Liu*, Ya Li, Yanhui Pu, Yao Lu, Zhiming Song, Qiang Wang, Ronghai Yu*, and Jianglan Shui*
Beihang University, China
Quaternary amorphous Ni-Fe-P-B nanoparticle catalyst was synthesized by a facile, green and scalable wet-chemical reduction method. The metal-metalloid combined modulation endows Ni-Fe-P-B enhanced bifunctional activities towards both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), giving rise to considerably improved water splitting performance in comparison with binary Ni-B.
447–454
Graphene oxide as a photocatalytic nuclease mimicking nanozyme for DNA cleavage
Jinyi Zhang1, Shihong Wu2, Lingzi Ma1, Peng Wu2,*, and Juewen Liu1,*
1 Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Canada
2 Sichuan University, China
DNA oligonucleotides are first adsorbed on graphene oxide and then cleaved by the light induced reactive oxygen species followed by the desorption of short product fragments to complete a nanozyme catalytic cycle.
455–460
Self-magnetic-attracted NixFe(1–x)@NixFe(1–x)O nanoparticles on nickel foam as highly active and stable electrocatalysts towards alkaline oxygen evolution reaction
Zuobo Yang and Xin Liang*
Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
A facile self-magnetic-attracted approach was developed to construct NifxFe(1–x)@NNixFe(1–x)O/NF with excellent performance towards alkaline oxygen evolution reaction.
461–466
Real-time in situ magnetic measurement of the intracellular biodegradation of iron oxide nanoparticles in a stem cell- spheroid tissue model
Aurore Van de Walle1,*, Alexandre Fromain1, Anouchka Plan Sangnier1,2, Alberto Curcio1, Luc Lenglet3, Laurence Motte2,*, Yoann Lalatonne2,4,*, and Claire Wilhelm1,*
1 CNRS & University of Paris, France
2 Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, France
3 Normafin Sàrl, France
4 Hôital Avicenne Assistance Publique-Hôitaux de Paris, France
The internalization and progressive degradation of magnetic nanoparticles within stem cells is assessed at the single spheroid level, in real-time, in the biological environment, on alive samples, using a benchtop-size magnetic sensor, without impacting cell functionality.
467–476
Multiaxial electrospun generation of hollow graphene aerogel spheres for broadband high-performance microwave absorption
Tian Li1, Dandan Zhi1, Yao Chen1, Bing Li2, Zuowan Zhou1, and Fanbin Meng1,*
1 Southwest Jiaotong University, China
2 Shandong Qiangjunwei Intelligent Equipment Co. LTD., China
Multiaxial electrospun hierarchical hollow graphene aerogel spheres exhibit high-performance microwave absorption.
477–484
Long-term live-cell microscopy with labeled nanobodies delivered by laser-induced photoporation
Jing Liu1, Tim Hebbrecht1, Toon Brans1, Eef Parthoens1,2, Saskia Lippens1,2, Chengnan Li3, Herlinde De Keersmaecker1, Winnok H. De Vos4, Stefaan C. De Smedt1, Rabah Boukherroub3, Jan Gettemans1, Ranhua Xiong1, and Kevin Braeckmans1,*
1 Ghent University, Belgium
2 VIB, Belgium
3 Univ. Lille, France
4 University of Antwerp, Belgium
Fluorescent dye labeled nanobodies are delivered into living cells by nanoparticle-assisted laser-induced photoporation for specific subcellular labeling. Long-term live-cell fluorescence microscopy imaging is performed up to 72 h.
485–495
Hydrogel-based artificial enzyme for combating bacteria and accelerating wound healing
Hao Qiu1,2, Fang Pu1,*, Zhengwei Liu1,3, Xuemeng Liu1,2, Kai Dong1, Chaoqun Liu1, Jinsong Ren1,2,*, and Xiaogang Qu1,2,*
1 Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
2 University of Science and Technology of China, China
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
The hydrogel-based artificial enzyme can effectively combat bacteria and improve wound healing by stimulating angiogenesis and collagen deposition.
496–502
Excipient-free porphyrin/SN-38 based nanotheranostics for drug delivery and cell imaging
Ye Yuan1,2, Ruonan Bo2,3, Di Jing2,4, Zhao Ma2, Zhongling Wang2,5, Tzu-yin Lin2, Lijie Dong1, Xiangdong Xue2,6,*, and Yuanpei Li2,*
1 Wuhan University of Technology, China
2 University of California Davis, USA
3 Yangzhou University, China
4 Central South University, China
5 Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
6 Northwest University, China
Excipient-free porphyrin/7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) based nanotheranostic was self-assembled by a porphyrin–SN-38 conjugate, which could fluorescently indicate the drug release and cell uptake in a spatiotemporal manner with synergetic effect.
503–510
Micro or nano: Evaluation of biosafety and biopotency of magnesium metal organic framework-74 with different particle sizes
Zhou Zhu, Shaokang Jiang, Yanhua Liu, Xiaomeng Gao, Shanshan Hu, Xin Zhang, Chao Huang, Qianbing Wan, Jian Wang*, and Xibo Pei*
Sichuan University, China
The microscale magnesium metal organic framework-74 (m-Mg- MOF74) and its nano-modified particles (n-Mg-MOF74) were successfully synthesized. The n-Mg-MOF74 exhibited better biocompatibility and could act simultaneously inside and outside the cell while m-Mg-MOF74 only stayed extracellularly. Further, in vitro and in vivo angiogenic and osteogenic studies of m/n-Mg-MOF74 were evaluated and provided evidence that n-Mg-MOF74 was worthy of applications in tissue engineering.
511–526
Rational structure design to realize high-performance SiOx@C anode material for lithium ion batteries
Zhaolin Li1, Hailei Zhao1,2,*, Jie Wang1,2, Tianhou Zhang1, Boyang Fu1, Zijia Zhang1, and Xin Tao1
1 University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
2 Beijing Key Municipal Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, China
A well-engineered porous nanostructure is designed to realize the wet-chemistry preparation of a high-performance SiOx@C nano-composite.
527–532
Catalytically active interfaces in titania nanorod-supported copper catalysts for CO oxidation
Wasim U. Khan1, Season S. Chen2, Daniel C. W. Tsang2, Wey Yang Teoh3, Xijun Hu4, Frank L. Y. Lam4,*, and Alex C. K. Yip1,*
1 The University of Canterbury, New Zealand
2 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
3 The University of New South Wales, Australia
4 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
The interfaces between copper nanoparticles and one-dimensional titanium dioxide nanorods (TNRs) support can be tailored with different interfacial site activities for CO oxidation through changing the metal loading and the degree of reduction. The interfacial site activity is highly dependent on the morphology of the titanium dioxide support.
533–542
Improving CNT-Si solar cells by metal chloride-to-oxide transformation
Huaisheng Wu1, Xuewei Zhao1, Yizeng Wu1, Qinghuan Ji1, Linxiu Dai1, Yuanyuan Shang2, and Anyuan Cao1,*
1 Peking University, China
2 Zhengzhou University, China
Taking advantage of transformation from transition metal chloride to oxide, the carbon nanotube (CNT)-Si solar cells have been significantly improved by p-doping effect combined with enhanced carrier mobility and inversion layer formation within Si, and achieved 16% cell efficiency based on metal chloride/oxide optimization.
543–550
Synergetic catalysis enhancement between H2O2 and TiO2 with single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancy
Zhijiao Wu1, Kai Guo1,2, Shuang Cao1,*, Wenqing Yao3,*, and Lingyu Piao1,2,*
1 National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
3 Tsinghua University, China
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with single electron-trapped oxygen vacancy (SETOV, VO·) combined with H2O2 exhibiting excellent oxidative performance for tetracycline, RhB, and MO even without light irradiation. Systematically mechanism investigation confirms that H2O2 can be activated by SETOVs derived from the TiO2 NPs through direct contribution of electrons, producing both ·O2−/·OOH and ·OH, which are responsible for the excellent reactivity of TiO2-H2O2 system.
551–556
Effective shape-controlled synthesis of gallium selenide nanosheets by vapor phase deposition
Lilan Tan1, Qingbo Liu1, Yufeng Ding1, Xiaogang Lin2, Wei Hu2,*, Meng-Qiu Cai1,3, and Hong Zhou1,*
1 Hunan University, China
2 Chongqing University, China
3 Hunan Normal University, China
The use of gallium in precursor is demonstrated to control the shape evolution of monolayer GaSe crystals with variation from curved triangular, hexagonal to regular triangular geometries. Shape evolution behavior of GaSe flakes can be elucidate by the change of Ga/Se ratio in the precursors influence on the kinetic growth dynamics of edges.
557–563
The enhanced permeability and retention effect based nanomedicine at the site of injury
Yingjun Liu1, Dongdong Sun2, Qin Fan1, Qingle Ma1, Ziliang Dong1, Weiwei Tao2, Huiquan Tao1, Zhuang Liu1, and Chao Wang1,*
1 Soochow University, China
2 Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
The released histamine can cause the small blood vessels to become dilated and leaky, resulting in the increase in vascular permeability and allowing more fluid, macromolecules, immune cells as well as nanoparticles to reach the injured tissue by passing out of the small blood vessels.
564–569
ALD growth of ultra-thin Co layers on the topological insulator Sb2Te3
Emanuele Longo1,2, Roberto Mantovan1,*, Raimondo Cecchini1, Michael D. Overbeek3, Massimo Longo1, Giovanna Trevisi4, Laura Lazzarini4, Graziella Tallarida1, Marco Fanciulli2, Charles H. Winter3, and Claudia Wiemer1,*
1 CNR-IMM, Italy
2 Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy
3 Wayne State University, USA
4 CNR-IMEM, Italy
The atomic layer deposition of Co on top of Sb2Te3 and Pt substrates evidences the substrate selectivity of such a deposition process, also achieving a local epitaxy and an extremely high conformality of the Co thin films.
570–575
Probing temperature-dependent interlayer coupling in a MoS2/h-BN heterostructure
Hamin Park, Gwang Hyuk Shin, Khang June Lee, and Sung-Yool Choi*
KAIST, Republic of Korea
We investigated the interlayer coupling of the van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure of MoS2 and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) over a wide range of temperatures using Raman scattering and photoluminescence.
576–582
Engineering crystal phase of polytypic CuInS2 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance
He Li1, Wenjiang Li1,*, Wei Li1, Minfang Chen1, Rony Snyders2,3, Carla Bittencourt2, and Zhihao Yuan1,*
1 Tianjin University of Technology, China
2 University of Mons (UMONS), Belgium
3 Materia Nova Research Centre, Belgium
Crystal phase engineering of polytypic CuInS2 (CIS) nanosheets (chalcopyrite/wurtzite and zincblende/wurtzite) was the first time achieved using oleic acid and liquid paraffin as the low-cost and environmental-friendly hot-injection system. The essential relationship between the polytypic structure and the photocatalytic/ssphotoelectrochemical properties was lighted.
583–590
Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy studies of 1–5-layer WSe2
Zhonglin Li1, Yingying Wang1,*, Jie Jiang1, Yao Liang2, Bo Zhong1, Hong Zhang1, Kai Yu1, Guangfeng Kan1, and Mingqiang Zou3,*
1 Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, China
2 Dalian Jiaotong University, China
3 Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine (CAIQ), China
The anharmonic behaviors of phonons in WSe2 flakes with different thicknesses are obtained from temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy studies.
591–595
點擊「閱讀原文」查看完整目錄
Previous Contents：
《納米研究》2020年第1期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第12期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第11期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第10期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第9期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第8期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第7期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第6期目錄（專刊）
《納米研究》2019年第5期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第4期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第3期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第2期目錄
《納米研究》2019年第1期目錄
Nano Research公眾號
微信號 : Nano_Research
網址：www.thenanoresearch.com