外刊閱讀 day 92,文章來自7月4日《經濟學人》。
本文介紹了飯圈文化和肖戰,從肖戰出發,結合他的一些負面新聞,從微觀到宏觀解釋了飯圈的問題,如應援燒錢,拉踩其他明星,舉報AO3網站等。
【文章難度】⭐⭐⭐
Star wars
「星」球大戰
Celebrity fan groups
boost their idols and insult rivals
名人粉絲團吹捧偶像,拉踩對手明星
insult [v.] /ɪn'sʌlt/ 侮辱, 冒犯(treat, mention, or speak to rudely)
▷詞組:personal insult 人身攻擊;add insult to injury 雪上加霜
「The untamed」, a costume martial-arts drama, is one of the most-watched television series in China. Since its online release last year it has been viewed 8bn times. Its heart-throb star, Xiao Zhan (pictured), has gained a legion of fans. In October so many of them crowded an airport in Beijing to see him that they delayed a flight.
古裝武俠劇《陳情令》是中國收視率最高的電視連續劇之一。自從去年發布以來,近80億人次看了這部劇。其中的主演,大眾情人肖戰圈了無數粉絲。在去年10月份,許多粉絲到北京的一個機場接機,導致一個航班延誤。
untamed
[adj.] /ʌn'teɪmd/ 不能抑制的,難控馭的
▷例句:This untamed jungle shelters a rich and fertile land, but there's almost no sign of agriculture.這片未被開墾的叢林提供了肥沃的土地,但幾乎沒有農業的跡象。《國家地理選編》
heart-throb
[n.] /ˈhɑːrt θrɑːb/ 魅力男子,女子心中的大眾情人
legion [n.] /'liːdʒ(ə)n/ 眾多, 大量(a vast multitude)
▷例句:The dangers of such projects were legion.這些大項目危險重重。《經濟學人-綜合》
陳情令(the untamed)
《陳情令》根據墨香銅臭小說《魔道祖師》改編,以五大家族為背景,講述了雲夢江氏故人之子魏無羨和姑蘇藍氏含光君藍忘機重遇,攜手探尋往年真相,守護百姓和平安樂的故事。
In February Mr Xiao’s devotees flooded the internet with complaints about a website hosting raunchy fiction about him. The government shut it down. In May a video went viral of a classroom full of primary-school students chanting: 「Brother Xiao Zhan, you are very good!」 The teacher who filmed them was suspended.
在今年2月份,肖戰的粉絲群體蝦蝦在網上控訴AO3網站發布了以肖戰為主角的齷齪下流的同人小說。由於粉絲群體的舉報,這個網站隨後被封了。今年五月,一段短視頻在網上走紅。視頻中一群小學生在教室裡高喊:「肖戰哥哥,你是最好的!」,為肖戰應援。發布該視頻的老師隨後被停職。
devotee
[n.] /ˌdevə(ʊ)'tiː/ 愛好者;信徒(an ardent follower and admirer)
▷例句:Its greatest devotees praise it even more extravagantly.極度熱愛這本書的人對它的讚美更是不遺餘力。《經濟學人-文藝》
raunchy
[adj.] /'rɔːn(t)ʃɪ/ 淫穢的,下流的(earthy and sexually explicit)
▷例句:When she teased journalists that she didn't understand when they said her songs were raunchy, she wasn't lying.每當有記者說她的歌很下流時,她總是假裝自己聽不懂,她沒有說謊。《經濟學人(匯總)》
chant [v.] /tʃɑːnt/ 唱;誦揚(recite with musical intonation; recite as a chant or a psalm)
▷例句:The crowd chanted slogans and waved banners.人群有節奏地呼喊著口號並揮舞著旗幟。
Mr Xiao’s millions of admirers belong to what are known in Chinese as fanquan, or 「meal circles」 (because the word for meal sounds like the English word 「fan」). These are passionate and sometimes combative online groups devoted to particular celebrities. The Chinese government has long demanded patriotism and good behaviour from stars, but it has placed few limits on fans. On the internet, where debate and organising are usually tightly controlled, fanquan enjoy rare freedom to do both.
肖先生的數百萬名仰慕者屬於中文中的「粉絲圈」或「餐圓」(因為用餐一詞聽起來像英語單詞「 fan」)。這些是致力於特定名人的熱情,有時甚至是好鬥的在線團體。長期以來,中國政府一直要求明星提供愛國主義和良好行為,但對球迷卻沒有什麼限制。在通常嚴格控制辯論和組織的網際網路上,反身權享有罕見的自由選擇權。
combative
[adj.] /'kɒmbətɪv/ 好戰的;好事的(inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits)
▷例句:His word are combative, but his body language betrays anxiety.他的言辭火力十足,但他的身體語言卻暴露了內心的焦慮。《身體語言的秘密》
飯圈(fanquan/meal circle)
飯圈即粉絲圈子的簡稱。粉絲群體叫「飯」,他們組成的圈子叫「飯圈」「飯糰」。從前追某個明星或樂隊,最多就是買專輯,看演唱會,基本都是散粉,並沒有飯圈的概念。近年來,隨著粉絲群體擴大,偶像經濟不斷發展,催生出為偶像買周邊(衍生產品)、租廣告位做宣傳、投票以及做慈善公益活動等多種方式。就現在而言,飯圈由追星粉絲自發組成的文娛社群逐漸發展成為有組織、專業化的利益圈層。
原句:
On the internet, where debate and organising are usually tightly controlled, fanquan enjoy rare freedom to do both.
在這個句子中,where引導定語從句,其先行詞是表示地點的名詞internet,它在定語從句中作地點狀語,此時where 相當於at/in/on+which。
But as fanquan have grown, so too has official scrutiny of them. State media have criticised their 「irrational」 behaviour. Aviation authorities have pleaded with them not to stalk stars at airports. (Some fans buy information about their idol’s movements.) In May a member of China’s rubber-stamp parliament called on the government to 「strictly rectify」 fanquan because of the threat they posed to the 「inheritance of red culture」. Mr Xiao, who is 28, has asked his fans to calm down. 「I hope everyone puts their studies, work and life before chasing stars,」 he said.
但是隨著飯圈不斷擴大,官方對粉絲的審查也越來越多。官方媒體批評了粉絲的「非理性」行為。航空當局已請求粉絲不要到機場接機。(一些粉絲會花錢買他們追的偶像的行程信息。)在兩會期間,中國一位參會代表呼籲政府「嚴格整頓」飯圈,因為這些粉絲的過激行為對「繼承紅色文化」構成威脅。肖戰如今已28歲了,他在微博上讓粉絲冷靜下來,並說:「希望所有人把學業、工作、生活,都放在追星前面。」
aviation
[n.] /eɪvɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ 航空;飛行術(the aggregation of a country's military aircraft)
▷詞組:aviation management 航空管理學
plead [v.] /pliːd/ 懇求, 請求(appeal or request earnestly)
▷詞組:special pleading 詭辯法;plead guilty 服罪;被告服罪;plead for請求;為…辯護
▷例句:She pleads the Senate to take actions.她請求參議院採取行動。
stalk
[v.] /stɔːk/ 追蹤,潛近;高視闊步(follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to)
rubber-stamp
[v.] /ˌrʌbə'stæmp/ 不經審查就批准
▷例句:The board's job is to rubber-stamp his decisions.該委員會的工作就是例行公事式地蓋章批准他的決定。
rectify [v.] /'rektɪfaɪ/ 改正
▷詞組:rectification plan 糾正計劃
▷例句:Errors like this were rectified from the Renaissance onwards.這些錯誤在文藝復興之後被糾正了。《劍橋雅思聽力全真試題14》
1. 紅色文化(red culture):
紅色文化是在革命戰爭年代,由中國共產黨人、先進分子和人民群眾共同創造並極具中國特色的先進文化,蘊含著豐富的革命精神和厚重的歷史文化內涵。
2. 橡皮圖章議會(rubber-stamp parliament):「rubber-stamp」即橡皮圖章,指例行公事,不加審核,通常與第三世界專政的政治聯繫在一起。
Members of fanquan are mainly women in their 20s. Some teenagers join the fun, too. A government report shows that 12.8m internet users under 18 frequently engaged in 「fan-support」 activities. These include posting praise, attacking critics and insulting devotees of other stars. After Mr Xiao’s fans turned their guns on the sexually provocative fiction website, the site’s supporters boycotted brands he represented and filled their social-media pages with furious abuse. Among defamation cases that were heard by the Beijing Internet Court between January and November last year, nearly 12% were filed by celebrities, often against fans of rival stars.
飯圈的粉絲主要是20多歲的女生,一些青少年也摻雜其中。政府報告顯示,年齡在18歲以下的1280萬網際網路用戶經常參與「粉絲應援」活動,其中包括發布吹捧的言論,大肆攻擊差評和拉踩其他明星的粉絲。在肖戰粉絲將槍口對準AO3網站之後,該網站的支持者抵制了他所代表的品牌,並在社交媒體頁面表達出網站被封的憤怒。去年1月至11月,在北京網際網路法院審理的誹謗案件中,名人提起訴訟的比例接近12%,通常是針對競爭對手的粉絲。
boycott
[v.] /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ 聯合抵制;拒絕購買
▷例句:The main opposition parties are boycotting the elections.主要的反對黨派正在聯合抵制選舉。
defamation
[n.] /ˌdefə'meɪʃ(ə)n/ 誹謗, 中傷
▷詞組:defamation law 誹謗法;defamation action 破壞名譽的訴訟;crime of defamation誹謗罪
Fandom also entails spending. Nearly 15% of fans born since 2000 lavish at least 5,000 yuan ($707) on their favourite stars each month—about 40% more than the average urban disposable income. Sometimes they crowdfund shows of affection, such as adulatory billboards in New York’s Times Square. More often they help celebrities ascend online charts. Take Mr Xiao’s latest single—he is also a singer— 「Spot of Light」. In the first 48 hours after its release, it notched more than 25m downloads, a record. His fans reportedly helped by buying an average of nearly 66 copies each.
為偶像應援也很燒錢。自2000年以來出生的粉絲中,有將近15%的人每月在自己喜歡的明星上至少花費5,000元人民幣(約合707美元),比城鎮居民人均可支配收入高出40%。有時,他們會集資助肖戰登上紐約時代廣場大屏幕。更多的粉絲則是為偶像打榜。以肖戰的最新單曲(他是影視歌三棲的演員)光點為例,發行後的頭48小時內,下載量就超過了2500萬,創下新紀錄。據報導,他的粉絲平均每人購買了將近66張專輯。
fandom
[n.] /'fændəm/ 運動迷,影迷(the fans of a sport or famous person)
▷例句:She's someone the fans love and she already understands that world of fandom, so I thought this was the perfect union. 她是影迷熱愛的演員,而她早已了解了影迷的世界,因此我認為這是個完美的結合。
entail
[v.] /ɪn'teɪl/ 使…成為必要, 需要限定繼承(have as a logical consequence)
▷詞組:logical entailment 邏輯蘊涵;entail on 承擔
▷例句:Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.有意練習需要的不僅僅是簡單地重複一個任務。《考研英語閱讀真題(匯總)》
lavish [v.] /'lævɪʃ/ 浪費(expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns)
▷詞組:lavish on 大肆花費
▷例句:Skyscrapers become lavish consumers, and wasters of electric power.摩天大樓成為奢侈的消耗者,電力的浪費者。《雅思詞彙:類別識記》
crowdfund [v.] /ˈkroudˌfənd/ 眾籌
adulatory [adj.] /'ædʒələ,tori/ 奉承的
▷例句:During my colleagues, there are so many superexcellent ones, trickish ones, adulatory ones, who are doing better than me, and I have fallen to a walk-on.同事中,能力卓越者、攻於心計者、溜須拍馬者,強於我的更是不勝其數,自己現在已淪為一個跑龍套的。
ascend [v.] /ə'send/ 上升(come up)
▷例句:I felt myself ascending to something better.我都感覺自己的層次提升了。《權力的遊戲 第6季》
notch [v.] /nɒtʃ/ 贏得(cut or make a notch into)
▷例句:Torino notched up a 2-1 win at Lazio.都靈隊以2 比1 贏了拉齊奧隊。
1. 城鎮居民人均可支配收入(the average urban disposable income):城鎮居民人均可支配收入是指反映居民家庭全部現金收入能用於安排家庭日常生活的那部分收入。它是家庭總收入扣除交納的所得稅、個人交納的社會保障費以及調查戶的記帳補貼後的收入。
Despite the unruliness of fanquan, the government may see occasional benefit in their ability to organise. After Wuhan, the city where covid-19 cases first soared, went into lockdown on January 23rd, fanquan raised and helped to distribute more than 7.4m yuan in relief money within about ten days. Last year, during pro-democracy unrest in Hong Kong, the mainland’s state media urged fanquan to praise 「brother China」 against critics abroad. They duly complied, and launched tirades against the protesters. The Communist Youth League called it #thefangirlscrusade.
儘管飯圈難以管制,無法無天,但政府的組織能力偶爾會有收穫。在武漢,新冠疫情在全球首次爆發。在1月23日進入封城之後,飯圈募捐在大約十天內收了740萬元人民幣的救濟金。這些粉絲還幫助分發了這些救濟金。去年,在香港的親民主暴亂中,大陸的官方媒體讓飯圈粉絲宣揚「兄弟中國「的概念,以防外國政客指手畫腳。他們適當地服從,並向示威者發起慷慨激昂的演講。共青團將其稱為#thefangirlscrusade。
unruliness
[n.] /ˌʌn'ru:linis/ 無法無天,任性(the trait of being prone to disobedience and lack of discipline)
▷例句:She thought the banner was a deliberate attempt to subvert the school's anti-drugs policy, and worried that it would spark unruliness. 她認為這個標語是企圖推翻學校禁毒政策的一次嘗試,她擔心這會引起局勢的失控。
tirade
[n.] /taɪ'reɪd/ 激烈的長篇演說
crusade
[n.] /kruː'seɪd/ 改革運動;十字軍東侵
▷詞組:crusade against 討伐;▷crusade for 為…而奮鬥; 為…而開展運動; 參加支持…的活動
▷例句:More heartening is the president's crusade against corruption.總統的反貪汙運動更加鼓舞人心。《經濟學人(匯總)》
原句:
After Wuhan, the city where covid-19 cases first soared, went into lockdown on January 23rd, fanquan raised and helped to distribute more than 7.4m yuan in relief money within about ten days.
在這個句子中,where引導定語從句,其先行詞是表示地點的名詞city,它在定語從句中作地點狀語,此時where 相當於at/in/on+which。
But the fanquan are not always biddable. This year the League tried in vain to encourage their members to praise animated idols named after Mao Zedong’s writings. The idea was scrapped within hours.
但飯圈粉絲並沒有百依百順。今年,共青團鼓勵粉絲為動畫片的偶像應援,這些偶像是以毛澤東主席的著作命名的,但卻徒勞無功。在數小時內,這個想法就被放棄了。
biddable
[adj.] /'bɪdəb(ə)l/ 順從的
▷例句:Government critics say the court has shown its true, biddable colours. 批評政府的人說法院已經暴露了其俯首帖耳的本來面貌。
animate
[v.] /'ænɪmeɪt/ 使有生氣;使活潑
▷例句:Natural philosophy involved the study of all aspects of the material world, animate and inanimate.自然哲學涉及到了對包括有生命體與無生命體的物質世界的全面研究。
1. 這篇文章的難度不高,比較接地氣,講的是我們日常生活中能接觸到的事情。但這些小詞比較少使用,雅思學子可以學習一些關於「飯圈文化「的英文表達。
2. 表達總結
(1)fan group 粉絲群體
(2)boost one’s idol 吹捧偶像
(3)a costume martial-arts drama 古裝武俠劇
(4)online release 線上發行
(5)shut sth. down 關停
(6)state media 國家媒體
(7)plead with 請求
(8)rubber-stamp parliament 橡皮圖章議會
(9)red culture 紅色文化
(10)「fan-support」 activity 粉絲應援活動
(11)furious abuse 過分虐待
(12)the average urban disposable income 城鎮居民人均可支配收入
(13)online chart 網上排行榜
(14)occasional benefit 時有時無的好處
(15)in vain 徒勞的
3. 關於飯圈文化的英文表達
(1) 追星 make track for a star(這種表達偏向於私生飯),普通的可以用adore a star
(2) 形容女生顏值高,knockout可以指美人或絕代佳人,hottie指辣妹或可愛的女孩。而形容男生顏值高,twink指花美男,metrosexual指都會型男。
(3) 有些明星業務能力不強,但能帶來流量,流量明星就是viral star。