So, if there's one thing which British people love and I'm in love to talk about, it is of course the weather. So, I got the idea for this video when I have recently had a visit from a builder who came to do some work.
如果有一件事是英國人最喜歡談論的，而且我很喜歡談論的，那就是天氣了。最近有位建築工人來拜訪我，因此我產生了製作這個視頻的想法。
I've recently moved into a new flat and of course, I have needed a few bits of work done by a builder. And I'm very awkward with small talk, much like many British people.
最近我搬到一間新公寓，因此需要建築工人能幫忙幹活。和很多英國人一樣，我很不擅長閒聊。
And the one thing that we always seem to resort to is the topic of the weather. The first tip I can give you is when you come to the UK, always be aware of what the weather is like.
我們似乎很喜歡拿來開頭的話題就是天氣。當你來英國，我給你的第一個建議就是要時刻注意天氣情況。
Now, that should be easy because 9 times out of 10, it is raining, it's cloudy it's miserable and dark maybe we get one week of summer weather every year, two, if we're lucky. But generally, it's kind of cloudy, so it shouldn't be too hard to remember this.
因為這裡的十有八九都是多雲、下雨、灰濛濛、很糟糕的天氣，每年只有一周是陽光燦爛的，運氣好的話或許有兩周。不過一般來說，經常會是陰天，記住這個應該不難。
Anyway, this builder he came into my flat which I've recently moved into. And we did the usual you know, "Alright? How are you? How's your day been? '
然後，建築工人進來我剛搬進去的公寓。我們就像往常一樣打招呼：「你好嗎？你今天過得怎麼樣？」
And then, we got to this kind of awkward silence moment. Of course, I started the conversation by saying, "It's a miserable day today, isn't it?"
然後，我們都尷尬地沉默了。當然，我一開始說：「It's a miserable day today, isn't it?（今天天氣真糟糕，不是嗎？）」
And just listen to my pronunciation firstly with this. "It's a miserable day today, isn't it?"
認真聽我的發音。"It's a miserable day today, isn't it?"
So what I've done there is I've used something we call a question tag. Now, a question tag is when we add a question on the end of a statement to turn it into a question.
這裡我用了一個反義疑問句。反義疑問句是指我們在陳述句後面加一個疑問句，把陳述句變成疑問句。
It's kind of like a question, but it's like we're saying something and we want someone to agree. So, I said to this guy, "It's a miserable day today, isn't it?"
這有點像一個問題，但表示我們希望對方同意我們在說的話。我對這個人說："It's a miserable day today, isn't it?"
It was a way to start building a conversation, okay? So, we use the weather a lot here to build conversation.
這是開始對話的一種方式。我們經常用天氣來開始對話。
We do use words like "miserable", "depressing", you know, kind of feelings or moods to express how the weather looks. And the reason why is because we talk about the weather so much here that just by saying "it's raining today", you know, that's that's kind of boring.
我們確實會用「miserable」，「depressing」這樣的詞來表達天氣的樣子。因為談論天氣太多了，所以說「it's raining today」顯得有點無聊。
We like to make it sound a bit more interesting or else we'd be having the same conversation with everyone all the time. So, we need to have kind of more adjectives and more expressions that we can use.
我們想讓它聽起來更有趣，否則好像一直和每個人進行同樣重複的對話。所以，我們需要有更多的形容詞和更多的表達方式來使用。
So, today I have just a few for you, a few useful ones about different types of weather which you can use in your IELTS exam, with your friends, when you come to the UK, if you live in the UK, whatever your situation is. So, when it's cold, a very common word which we use is the word chilly.
因此，今天我就為大家準備了一些有用的關於不同天氣類型的形容詞，這些形容詞可以用於你的雅思考試，你和朋友的對話，或者當你來英國的時候，當你住在英國，無論什麼情況都適用。當天氣冷的時候，我們常用的一個詞就是 chilly（寒冷的）。
Firstly, let's look at the pronunciation of this. We have the short /i/ sound which is commonly mistaken for the long /i: / sound.
首先，讓我們來看看這個單詞的發音。短/i/音，它通常被誤認為長的/i:/音。
We have this situation of "ship" and "sheep". Well, in this situation, "chilly". Okay? /ti/.
類似的有「ship」和「sheep」。這裡，它讀「chilly」。/ti/。
So, what you need to do is lift your tongue slightly just behind the top teeth and just kind of around the bottom of the top teeth. And you should feel this, /i/.
你需要做的就是稍稍抬起舌頭，把它放在上牙後面，在上牙的底部附近。感受一下，/i/。
Look at the shape of my mouth, /i/, chilly/tli/, chilly/tli/. Now, if it's chilly outside, I'm not talking about the noun which is the the red or green spicy spicy thing which we eat with a lot of Asian food or curries and things like that, I'm actually talking about the weather.
看我的嘴的形狀，/i/， chilly/tli/，chilly/tli/。如果外面很 chilly，我說的不是那種紅色或綠色的辣的東西，我們在亞洲食物中經常吃這種辣的東西，或者咖喱之類的，我說的是天氣。
So if it's chilly outside, that actually means that it's kind of a little bit cold, okay? It's not really cold, but it's pretty cold.
所以如果外面很 chilly，這實際上意味著很冷。不是很冷，但相當冷。
If I want to take it to another level and I really want to over exaggerate which is something which British people also love to do, we love to exaggerate, I could say that it's freezing outside. Now, to freeze something is to turn it to ice.
如果我想把它提升到另一個層次，我真的想過分誇張，這也是英國人喜歡做的事情，我們喜歡誇張點，我可以說外面 freezing（結冰了）。把東西凍住就是把它變成冰。
Even if there is no ice outside, I could still say that it's freezing today. So this is a situation where we have the /i: / sound.
即使外面沒有冰，我也可以說今天 freezing。這裡就發/i:/音。
Remember I said about "ship" and "sheep"? Well, this one we could do "chilly" where we had that /i/ for when it's quite cold, "chilly", /i/, and "freezing".
還記得我說過的「ship」和「sheep」嗎？在這裡，表示很冷，我們用「chilly」，「chilly」，/i/，還有「freezing」。
They should sound very different, one's long, /i: /, "freezing", one short, /i/, "chilly". So, compare those two, pause the video if you need to.
它們聽起來應該非常不同，一個長，/i:/，「freezing」，一個短，/i/，「chilly」。比較這兩個，如果需要的話可以暫停視頻。
So, if it's freezing outside, then that generally means that it's really cold, okay? But remember we do love to exaggerate, don't always take things we say too seriously.
所以，如果外面 freezing，那通常意味著很冷。但是請記住，我們喜歡誇張，不要總是把我們說的話太當真。
That's the best advice I can give you. My recommendation is to go to a thesaurus and look at adjectives and different ways of using the word "cold" or "freezing", and you'll always find a word that you can use to describe the weather outside.
這是我能給你的最好的建議。我的建議是去找一本同義詞典，看看「cold」或「freezing」這兩個形容詞的不同用法，你總會找到一個可以用來描述外面天氣的詞。
Now, if it's raining, we have many many different expressions that we can use here because we need them because we're always talking about rain. So, when it's raining, it's cold, the clouds are dark.
如果下雨了，我們有很多不同的表達方式可以在這裡使用，因為我們需要它們，因為我們總是在談論雨。當下雨的時候，天氣很冷，雲層是黑色的。
Like I said before, we could say it's miserable, it's depressing, it's gloomy which means it's very dark. "Gloomy", look my mouth, /u: /, gloomy.
就像我之前說的，我們可以說 it's miserable，it's depressed，it's gloomy，意思是非常黑暗。"Gloomy"，看我的嘴，/u:/，gloomy。
However, we also have a lot of expressions which we use to talk about the rain. I could say it's tipping down, /i/, remember that sound? Tipping, tipping.
然而，我們也有很多用來談論雨的表達。我可以說 it's tipping down，/i/，還記得那個聲音嗎？Tipping，tipping。
So, if it's tipping down today, then that means it's heavy heavy rain, okay? So, imagine someone has a bucket and we went like this, we would be tipping or pouring the water.
所以，如果今天天氣是 tipping down，那就意味著下大雨。想像有人拿著一個桶，我們像這樣，我們倒水。
So, imagine someone is in the sky and they're tipping water on you. So, it's tipping down. It's pouring down.
想像有人在天空中，他們向你傾倒水。在下大雨，傾盆大雨。
We'll use the preposition "down" because it is falling down from the sky, it's not going sideways or up, is it? It's going down. And if you want to be extra rude, extra slangy then you could use the word "pissing".
我們用介詞「down」，因為它是從天上掉下來的，不是往旁邊掉，也不是往上面掉，它是往下掉。如果你想更加直接，更加俚語的話，你可以用 「pissing」 這個詞。
You could say, "It's pissing down today." When it's not raining very heavily, we would call it drizzle, drizzle, drizzle.
你可以說：「今天下大雨」。如果不是下很大的雨，我們就叫它毛毛雨，毛毛雨，毛毛雨。
Now, we're going to talk about the hot weather. So, much like when I said "freezing" for when it's cold, I could use something similar which is the opposite of freezing which would be "boiling" or "burning", okay?
現在，我們來談談炎熱的天氣。就像我說冷的時候用「冷凍」一樣，我也可以用類似的和冷凍相反的詞，那就是「沸騰」或者「燃燒」。
So, you could say, "It's boiling today." And when we boil something, it's like when we boil water in the kettle for the cup of tea, we make it get so hot that it starts bubbling, right?
你可以說：「今天熱得沸騰」。當我們煮東西的時候，就像我們用水壺把水燒開用來沏茶一樣，我們讓它變得很熱，開始冒泡。
So, it's boiling today. So, look at the pronunciation of that, we have a diphthong in here which is a combination of two vowel sounds, //.
今天熱得沸騰。看看它的發音，在這裡我們有一個雙元音，即兩個元音的組合——//。
It's boiling today, it's boiling today. A few others we use — scorching, //, /sk/, scorching, quite difficult word there.
今天熱得沸騰，今天熱得沸騰。其他一些我們用的詞：scorching（灼熱的），//,/ sk/，scorching，一個非常深的詞。
Now, if it's scorching today, that just means it's really hot, almost burning. Now, usually when it's a hot day, when it's a nice sunny day, we'll often say, "It's a nice day today."
如果今天天氣 scorching，那就意味著非常熱，幾乎要燒焦了。通常當天氣熱的時候，當天氣晴朗的時候，我們會說，「今天天氣很好。」
You could even say, "It's a lovely day today." If you're feeling even extra extra happy about the weather, you could say, "It's a beautiful day, it's a fantastic day."
你甚至可以說，「今天天氣非常好。」如果你對天氣感到特別高興，你可以說，「這是美好的一天，這是美妙的一天。」
You can use so many words to describe lovely weather. And just remember, with that adjective, what we tend to do with pronunciation is we like to make that word more stressed in our sentence.
你可以用很多詞來形容美好的天氣。請記住，用這些形容詞的時候，我們在發音上傾向於讓這些形容詞在我們的句子中的發音更重一些。
So, if it's a lovely day, instead of saying it's a lovely day, I need to not sound like a robot or like a bored person. I want to make that word lovely sound like it really is lovely.
如果天氣很好，你可以說今天天氣真好，但我不想聽起來像個機器人或很無聊。我想讓這個詞聽起來很不錯，就像它真的很不錯一樣。
So, I would say, "It's a lovely day today, it's a lovely day today." So, we take that tone up a little bit more and add a bit more passion: It's a lovely day today.
所以，我會說：「今天天氣真好，今天天氣真好。」我們把音調再調高一點，再加一點激情：今天天氣真好。
Okay. So, the tone needs to go up. There's one more thing I wanted to talk about which is a type of weather we don't get much here in the UK.
音調需要提高。還有一種天氣我想說一下，那就是我們在英國很少見到的一種天氣。
But I'm sure lots of you maybe do in your countries which is what we call humidity or when it's humid outside. Now, this is when the air around you, the air we're breathing and the air that touches our skin outside is very hot, is warm and it's like nothing is cool, everything's hot, right?
但是我相信你們很多人在自己的國家會有這樣的天氣，那就是我們稱之為潮溼的天氣，外面很潮溼。當你周圍的空氣，我們呼吸的空氣和外面接觸到我們皮膚的空氣非常熱，很熱，就像沒有什麼是涼的，所有東西都是熱的。
Now, there's a word we use over here which is we will often say, "It's sticky outside", "It's a bit sticky today." And sticky refers to the fact that this hot air generally makes our skin feel a bit sticky, our clothes stick to us and we feel like a walking stellar tape.
現在，我們在這裡用了一個詞我們經常會說，「外面很潮溼」，「外面有點潮溼」。Sticky 指的是這種熱空氣，通常會使我們的皮膚感覺有點粘，我們的衣服粘在我們身上，我們感覺像一條行走的膠帶。
It's sticky outside which just means it's humid. Sticky. So, you've got the /i/ and the /i: / here, sticky, so they should both sound different, those two vowel sounds.
外面很 sticky，意味著潮溼。Sticky。這個詞這裡有/i/ 和 /i:/兩個音，sticky，這兩個元音的發音應該是不同的。
Now, there are lots more things to learn in terms of pronunciation and and stress when you're expressing your feelings about the weather or also just generally describing things.?However, we would be here for a very long time.
當你表達你對天氣的感受或者只是概括地描述事物時，在發音和重音方面還有很多東西需要學習。然而，我們會在這裡待很長一段時間。
So, what I recommend is if you really do want to learn more about pronunciation, go over to ETJEnglish. com and you can join my very detailed pronunciation course. And you'll also join me on whatsapp when you join the course and you can send me voice recordings.
所以，我的建議是，如果你真的想學習更多關於發音的知識，去 ETJEnglish.com，你可以加入我的非常詳細的發音課程。當你參加課程時，你也可以在 whatsapp 上加我好友，你可以把語音錄音發給我。
I can send you voice recordings. We kind of become friends.
我可以把錄音發給你。我們成了朋友。
Anyway, I hope you enjoyed this lesson today. I will see you in the next video next week. Cheers guys, bye!
無論如何，我希望你們喜歡今天的這節課。下個視頻再見。再見！