馬雲主演的《功守道》大家都看了吧？一部22分鐘的短片，集合了李連杰、甄子丹、吳京、託尼·賈、鄒市明等明星，大家輪流上前，被「馬師傅」揍得哭爹喊娘。大家只能說一句：有錢真的可以為所欲為。如果你覺得馬雲這樣做已經夠任性了，那你就大錯特錯了，有錢人的世界我們根本不懂，有一個人，比馬雲有錢任性100倍！
他比馬雲有錢：
他是世界上第一位身家超過10億美元的富翁，50年代身家達到25億美元，約合現在的850億美元，而馬雲現在「只」有430億美元，只有他的一半。
他比馬雲任性：
馬雲能做的，只是請來十多位明星來陪他拍個電影過過癮，這位大哥乾脆自己當導演，第二部電影拿了奧斯卡最佳導演獎，第三部電影狠砸了400萬美元，等於現在的12億美元！
他比馬雲風流：
他身高1米93，是公認的美男子，幾乎和當時所有好萊塢女星有過一腿：凱薩琳·赫本、英格麗·褒曼、伊莉莎白·泰勒...曾有八卦雜誌統計，他一生中曾有164個明星女朋友。
但「有錢、任性、風流」遠遠不能描述他的傳奇一生，他是鋼鐵俠的原型、世界上最牛X的敗家子、飛行家、航空工程師、企業家、電影製片人、花花公子、患強迫症的瘋子...
他就是霍華德·休斯，一個幸運與悲情交織一生的傳奇男人。
18歲繼承家業
卻只想把身家揮霍一空？
有人說，霍華德·休斯的一生就是流線型機身，零阻力，要錢有錢，要名有名，想幹什麼都行。
1905年，休斯出生於美國，他爸是石油大亨老霍華德·休斯，哈佛高材生，靠著自己發明的「雙錐旋轉鑽頭」從零開始，賺得百萬美元身家。
老爹這麼厲害，兒子也不是孬種，休斯11歲就組裝出休斯頓第一個無線電臺；12歲發明一輛助動自行車；13歲就組裝出一臺摩託車；14歲就開始駕駛飛機。
12歲時，休斯和他的助力自行車
但休斯的愉快生活到18歲就結束了，因為這一年他的父母先後因病去世，不過他也繼承了父親的公司和所有遺產，立刻成為當時全美國數一數二的大富翁。
年僅18歲就身家豐厚，身邊又沒人管，任誰都會任性一番，休斯也不例外，他訂下三個目標：成為世界上最好的高爾夫球手、最有名的電影製片人和最優秀的飛行員。
沒錯，他對老爹做的石油開採行業一點興趣都沒有，老爹留下的遺產，就是他揮霍的資本，那就拼命花唄，反正有錢。
首先是成為高爾夫球手，休斯對自己的球技很是自信，和高爾夫巨星老虎伍茲齊名的高爾夫大師Gene Sarazen和他是髮小，兩人經常一起打球，休斯偶爾還能贏幾把。
休斯在打高爾夫球
不過和真正優秀的職業球手相比，休斯的球技還是差很多，所以當他準備擼起袖子參加職業巡迴賽時，朋友紛紛勸他別丟人現眼。於是，休斯的高爾夫球夢想還沒開始就破滅了。
第一個夢想落空，那就開始下一個吧，可能休斯自己都沒想到，不是頭號夢想的電影和飛機，開啟了他的傳奇一生。
一把火燒掉2400萬
再狠砸12億拍電影
最後居然大賺24億？
有錢就是好辦事，休斯砸了8萬美元，約合現在的2400萬美元，開拍了自己第一部電影，過程磕磕絆絆，但總算拍了出來，拍完就拿給他的伯父、好萊塢著名編劇魯伯特·休斯看。
魯伯特壓根沒給侄子面子，看完後就說了一句：「這玩意要是上映，整個好萊塢都會嘲笑你的。」
休斯這個人最愛面子，聽到伯父這麼說整個人都不好了，你猜他怎麼做的？
他一把火把這部片子的所有膠片燒了個精光，8萬美元就這樣打了水漂。
但休斯一點都不心疼，雖然片子沒了，這一年多的拍攝可不是白費的，他算把電影這個行業摸了個門清。接著經朋友介紹，他認識了天才導演劉易斯·邁爾斯通。
兩人在兩年內合拍了3部電影，部部好評如潮，讓休斯賺了一大筆錢，其中《兩個阿拉伯騎士》還拿下了首屆奧斯卡的最佳導演獎。
《兩個阿拉伯騎士》劇照
一舉成名後，休斯開始膨脹了，原來拍電影也不是很難嘛，那就再玩大點。過完21歲生日不久，他就決定：拍一部大製作電影！
這部電影，就是以戰鬥機飛行員為主角的戰爭片——《地獄天使》，休斯親自擔任導演和編劇。
那麼，休斯眼中的「大製作」，究竟有多大？
要知道，那時候可是1928年，沒有什麼特效，所有大場景都是用白花花的銀子砸出來的。
為了拍一個戰鬥場面，休斯找來1700多個群眾演員，這個場景就花了他30多萬美元，這是當時一部正常電影的預算。
既然是空戰片，肯定得有飛機——電影開始拍攝前，他通過各種門路搞來87架飛機，為了安置這些飛機，他又花40萬美元建了個機場。
《地獄天使》劇照
1928年的87架飛機是什麼概念？4年後的一·二八事變，中國政府翻箱倒櫃，也才湊出25架飛機和日本打。
可以說，休斯拍一部電影用的飛機，都夠武裝幾個國家的空軍了。
這還不算，休斯對拍攝的要求到了幾乎變態的程度。為了真實，他要求飛行員做出各種危險的機動動作，結果摔死了3個飛行員，自己也在一次意外中摔了個重度腦震蕩。
電影快要拍完時，有聲電影《爵士歌手》成功上映，休斯立馬把女主角炒了，換成19歲的珍·哈露，並重拍大部分鏡頭——原因是他也想把《地獄天使》拍成有聲片，而女主角格麗塔·尼森的挪威口音和片中英國貴族的身份不符。
19歲的珍·哈露（左），因為此片一舉成名
這樣來回折騰了3年，用掉了1000公裡長的膠捲（最後搬上銀幕的不到1%），這部電影終於要上映了，休斯前後花了400萬美元。
這是什麼概念？相當於現在的12億美元！12億美元拍一部電影，你見過這樣的瘋子嗎？
霍華德·休斯在片場
休斯再有錢，也頂不住這樣的揮霍，拍攝期間他甚至一度把老爸留給他的公司作為抵押貸款。
大家也等著看休斯倒黴，因為當時正是大蕭條時期，大家連飯都吃不起，哪裡有錢上影院，有人甚至預言：這部電影能賣200萬美元就不錯了！
但當《地獄天使》上映時，片中空前的大場面讓每個觀眾都瘋狂了，大家連飯都不吃都要看這部電影，最後《地獄天使》的總票房達到了800萬美元，是休斯投資額的兩倍！
《地獄天使》首映禮
這一年，休斯才剛剛25歲。
然而，當大家都等著這位脾氣古怪的好萊塢大佬拍下一部電影時，休斯卻突然人間蒸發，這個富二代跑到哪裡去了？
「我要開人類歷史上最快、最大的飛機！」
原來，《地獄天使》拍出來了，休斯就決心去完成自己的第三個夢想：當一名飛行員！
其實，休斯早就會開飛機了，但普通的飛機根本滿足不了他的胃口，他要開最快的飛機。
問題是，去哪裡找最快的飛機呢？休斯的解決辦法也很簡單，砸錢成立休斯飛機公司，網羅當時最頂尖的工程師，開始研發飛機。
花了一年多的時間，休斯和工程師們終於研發出一款競技飛機——休斯1號（H-1）。
這款機型身上體現了休斯作為一名航空工程師的天才之處：突破性的流線型機身，可收放起落架，平面的鉚釘和接頭以減少空氣阻力，因其優美的造型被稱為「銀色子彈」。
開著這架飛機，休斯打破了當時所有飛行記錄，首飛每小時352英裡，3天完成了環球飛行，將世界記錄縮短了整整一半。
當他完成環球飛行，降落在紐約後，整個城市舉行了一次盛大的遊行。
為此，美國政府還特地給他頒發了最高榮譽——國會金質獎章，但這傢伙連領都懶得去領。過了幾年，下一任總統杜魯門偶然知道了這事，才把獎章給郵寄到他家去了。
而他的休斯飛行公司，也逐漸成為了美國乃至全世界航空航天領域的先導。整個20世紀，休斯飛機公司先後發明了第一個實用雷射器、第一顆同步衛星、第一臺登月探測器。
2000年時，全球 40% 的在役衛星都是休斯的公司生產的。
伽裡略木星探測器，休斯公司的傑作
休斯也不是只會揮霍錢，靠著在飛行、航空、衛星、通信等領域的突破，休斯積累了大量財富——1923年他只繼承了父親75萬美元的遺產，到了1946年，他的身家已經突破10億美元，成為世界上首位身家過10億美元的富翁！
到了1954年，他的身家更是達到了25億美元，相當於現在的850億美元！
但這還不算，休斯的野心遠不至此，H1飛機又算什麼？他要駕駛人類歷史上最大、最快的飛行器。
於是，他開始忽悠軍方給他投資人類航空史上最荒唐的項目——水上飛機H-4。
水上飛機H-4
他掏出設計圖紙，在場的將軍們倒吸一口冷氣：這架飛機足足有5層樓高，有一個足球場寬！
當時還是二戰，將軍們都藉口戰爭時期鋁不足，想趕緊把這個坑爹的項目取消掉。沒想到休斯一不做二不休，乾脆自己來做了！
在一次場面巨大的試飛之後，這個龐然大物立刻就被拆開送進了博物館，原因無他，飛一次實在太費勁了。
時至今日，H-4還是史上翼展最寬的飛機（97.5米），比「空中巨無霸」A380都大得多。
它的一個翅膀就這麼大，你體會一下.
不過休斯可不管這些，反正我就要開世界上最大、最快的飛機，夢想達成了就好了！
睡遍好萊塢所有女星
曾有164位明星女友
有錢有名聲有才華，休斯還有一個讓人特別嫉妒的地方，他長得特別帥，身高還有1米93。
這樣的人，身邊自然少不了各種美女，休斯就有個稱號，「全世界最偉大的好色之徒」。不過他非常專一——只喜歡好萊塢女明星。
在他那個年代，幾乎所有好萊塢一線女星都跟他有過一腿，曾有八卦雜誌統計，休斯一生曾有164位明星女友。下面隨便讓你看幾個。
愛娃·嘉德納，被認為是美國40年代最美麗性感的女星。
凱薩琳·赫本，美國的藝術瑰寶。
簡·拉塞爾，好萊塢傳奇巨星。
英格麗·褒曼，百年來最偉大的女演員第4名。
貝帝·戴維斯，百年來最偉大的銀幕傳奇女星第2名。
哈維蘭，兩次獲得奧斯卡影后，有史以來不多的「雙冠後」之一。
麗塔·海華絲，被稱為美國愛神。
蘇珊·海華德，美國影壇最偉大的女星之一。
唯一的例外可能只有伊莉莎白·泰勒，當時休斯直接找到她媽，說「我要娶你女兒，這事能成的話給你100萬（相當於現在的3億人民幣）。」
沒想到泰勒她媽也是牛人，張口就問：「稅前還是稅後？」 不過由於泰勒本人強烈反對，最後泰勒沒有嫁給休斯。
泰勒和父母在一起
晚景悽涼
被精神強迫症折磨得苦不堪言
死時僅有83斤
說完這一切，或許你會很羨慕霍華德·休斯，但唐一可以告訴你，他這一生，有多幸運，就有多悲慘。
說幸運，是說休斯擁有了每一個男人能擁有的極限：英俊的外表，數不清的財富，有才華有名聲，還睡遍了好萊塢每一位女明星。
說不幸，是說休斯這一切來得太容易了，他想要什麼都能得到滿足，到最後發現世界上沒有什麼是自己得不到的，人生還有什麼意義？這種空虛感能把所有人擊倒。
而且，雙親的過早離去，也讓他陷入了極度的痛苦之中，他只能靠酗酒、女人和毒品來振作。
所以說，做一個有錢人，既是祝福，也是詛咒啊！而我們這些平頭百姓，雖然賺的錢不多，但總有個奮鬥的目標，日子過得照樣有滋有味。
從60年代之後，就沒有人見過霍華德·休斯了，據說他隱居在家中，飽受精神強迫症的折磨。
他不能穿衣服，因為皮膚即便和衣服接觸都會疼痛，管家說他用餐巾紙作衣服，紙巾盒作鞋，每天宅在家裡看電視看電影。
而且，他每年只剪一次頭髮和指甲、喜歡尿在牛奶瓶裡、不與任何人身體接觸，長期注射古柯鹼、強迫自己記筆記……由於失眠，他還收購了幾家地方電視臺，這樣在凌晨的時候他就能看想看的節目。
1976年4月，這位擁有傳奇一生的億萬富翁，死在了去醫院途中的飛機上，死時僅有42公斤，胳膊上還有4根折斷的針頭，人們怎麼也沒法相信這就是曾經英俊帥氣的霍華德·休斯。
誰都不知道霍華德·休斯在人生最後十年裡發生了什麼，但人們永遠會記得他的傳奇一生，還有他在十幾歲的時候說的那句話：
「等我長大了，我要……開世界上最快的飛機，拍世界上最宏大的電影，成為世界上最有錢的人。」
他做到了。
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Howard Robard Hughes Jr.
Howard Robard Hughes Jr. (September 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was an American business magnate, investor, record-setting pilot, film director, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. He first made a name for himself as a film producer, and then became an influential figure in the aviation industry. Later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle—oddities that were caused in part by a worsening obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic pain from several plane crashes, and increasing deafness.
As a maverick film tycoon, Hughes gained prominence in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s, when he produced big-budget and often controversial films like The Racket (1928),[4] Hell's Angels (1930),[5] and Scarface (1932). Later he controlled the RKO film studio.
Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932, hiring numerous engineers and designers. He spent the rest of the 1930s and much of the 1940s setting multiple world air speed records and building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules (the Spruce Goose). He acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines and later acquired Air West, renaming it Hughes Airwest. Hughes was included in Flying Magazine's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation, ranked at No.25.[6] Today, his legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Howard Hughes Corporation.[7]
The birthplace of Howard Hughes is recorded as either Humble or Houston, Texas. The date remains uncertain due to conflicting dates from various sources. He repeatedly claimed that his birthday was on Christmas Eve. A 1941 affidavitbirth certificate of Hughes that was signed by his aunt Annette Gano Lummis and Estelle Boughton Sharp states that he was born on December 24, 1905, in Harris County, Texas.[N 1] However, his certificate of baptism recorded on October 7, 1906, in the parish register of St. John's Episcopal Church in Keokuk, Iowa, listed his birth as September 24, 1905 without any reference to the place of birth.[N 2]
Hughes was the son of Allene Stone Gano and Howard R. Hughes Sr., a successful inventor and businessman from Missouri. He was of English, and some French Huguenot, ancestry,[8]and was a descendant of John Gano, a minister who allegedly baptized George Washington.[9]His father had patented the two-cone roller bit, which allowed rotary drilling for petroleum in previously inaccessible places. The senior Hughes made the shrewd and lucrative decision to commercialize the invention by leasing the bits instead of selling them, obtained several early patents, and founded the Hughes Tool Company in 1909. Hughes' uncle was the famed novelist, screenwriter, and film director Rupert Hughes.[10]
At a young age, Hughes demonstrated interest in science and technology. In particular, he had great engineering aptitude and built Houston's first "wireless" radio transmitter at age 11.[11] He went on to be one of the first licensed ham radio operators in Houston, having the assigned callsign W5CY (originally 5CY).[12] At 12, Hughes was photographed in the local newspaper, identified as being the first boy in Houston to have a "motorized" bicycle, which he had built from parts from his father's steam engine.[13] He was an indifferent student, with a liking for mathematics, flying, and mechanics. He took his first flying lesson at 14, and attended Fessenden School in Massachusetts in 1921.
He later attended math and aeronautical engineering courses at Caltech.[11][13] The red brick house where Hughes lived as a teenager at 3921 Yoakum St., Houston today serves as the headquarters of the Theology Department of the University of St. Thomas.[citation needed]
His mother Allene died in March 1922 from complications of an ectopic pregnancy. Howard Hughes Sr. died of a heart attack in 1924. Their deaths apparently inspired Hughes to include the creation of a medical research laboratory in the will that he signed in 1925 at age 19. Howard Sr.'s will had not been updated since Allene's death, and Hughes inherited 75% of the family fortune.[14] On his 19th birthday, Hughes was declared an emancipated minor, enabling him to take full control of his life.[15]
From a young age, Hughes was an excellent and enthusiastic golfer. He often scored near par figures, played the game to a three handicap during his twenties, and for a time aimed for a professional golf career. He played frequently with top players, including Gene Sarazen. Hughes rarely played competitively and gradually gave up his passion for the sport to pursue other interests.[16]
Hughes withdrew from Rice University shortly after his father's death. On June 1, 1925, he married Ella Botts Rice, daughter of David Rice and Martha Lawson Botts of Houston. They moved to Los Angeles, where he hoped to make a name for himself as a filmmaker.
Business career[edit]
Main article: Summa Corporation
Hughes enjoyed a highly successful business career beyond engineering, aviation, and filmmaking, though many of his career endeavors involved varying entrepreneurial roles. The Summa Corporation was the name adopted for the business interests of Howard Hughes after he sold the tool division of Hughes Tool Company in 1972. The company serves as the principal holding company for Hughes' business ventures and investments. It is primarily involved in aerospace and defense, electronics, mass media, manufacturing, and hospitality industries, but has maintained a strong presence in a wide variety of industries including real estate, petroleum drilling and oilfield services, consulting, entertainment, and engineering. Much of his fortune was later used for philanthropic causes, notably towards health care and medical research.
Entertainment[edit]
Hughes entered the entertainment industry after dropping out of Rice University and moving to Los Angeles. His first two films, Everybody's Acting (1927) and Two Arabian Knights (1928), were financial successes, the latter winning the first Academy Award for Best Director of a comedy picture. The Racket (1928) and The Front Page (1931) were also nominated for Academy Awards.
Hughes spent $3.8 million to make the flying film Hell's Angels (1930). It earned nearly $8 million, about double the production and advertising costs. Hell's Angels received one Academy Award nomination for Best Cinematography. He produced another hit, Scarface (1932), a production delayed by censors' concern over its violence.
The Outlaw (1943) was completed in 1941 and featured Jane Russell. It also received considerable attention from industry censors, this time owing to Russell's revealing costumes. Hughes designed a special bra for his leading lady, although Russell said it was uncomfortable and decided against wearing it.
RKO[edit]
Main article: RKO Pictures
During the 1940s to the late 1950s, the Hughes Tool Company ventured into the film industry when it obtained partial ownership of the RKO companies which included RKO Pictures, RKO Studios, a chain of movie theaters known as RKO Theatres and a network of radio stations known as the RKO Radio Network.
In 1948, Hughes gained control of RKO, a struggling major Hollywood studio, by acquiring 25% of the outstanding stock from Floyd Odlum's Atlas Corporation. Within weeks of acquiring the studio, Hughes dismissed three-quarters of the work force and production was shut down for six months during which time investigations were conducted of each employee who remained with RKO as far as their political leanings were concerned. Only after ensuring that the stars under contract to RKO had no suspect affiliations would Hughes approve completed pictures to be sent back for re-shooting. This was especially true of the women who were under contract to RKO at that time. If Hughes felt that his stars did not properly represent the political views of his liking or if a film's anti-communist politics were not sufficiently clear, he pulled the plug. In 1952, an abortive sale to a Chicago-based group connected to the mafia with no experience in the industry also disrupted studio operations at RKO even further.
In 1953, Hughes was involved with a high profile lawsuit as part of the settlement of the United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. Antitrust Case. As a result of the hearings, the shaky status of RKO became increasingly apparent. A steady stream of lawsuits from RKO's minority shareholders had grown to be extremely annoying to Hughes. They had accused him with financial misconduct and corporate mismanagement. Since Hughes wanted to focus primarily on his aircraft manufacturing and TWA holdings during the Korean War years, Hughes offered to buy out all other stockholders in order to dispense with their distractions.
He had gained near-total control of RKO by the end of 1954 at a cost of nearly $24 million, becoming the closest thing to a sole owner of a Hollywood studio seen in three decades. Six months later, Hughes sold the studio to the General Tire and Rubber Company for $25 million. Hughes retained the rights to pictures that he had personally produced, including those made at RKO. He also retained Jane Russell's contract. For Howard Hughes, this was the virtual end of his 25-year involvement in the motion picture industry. However, his reputation as a financial wizard emerged unscathed. During that time period, RKO became known as the home of film noir classic productions thanks in part to the limited budgets required to make such films during Hughes' tenure. Hughes reportedly walked away from RKO having made $6.5 million in personal profit.[17]
General Tire was interested mainly in exploiting the value of the RKO library for television programming even though it made some attempts to continue producing films. After a year and a half of mixed success, General Tire shut down film production entirely at RKO at the end of January 1957. The studio lots in Hollywood and Culver City were sold to Desilu Productions later that year for $6.15 million.
Real estate[edit]
Main article: Howard Hughes Corporation
Beyond extending his business prowess in the manufacturing, aviation, entertainment, and hospitality industries, Hughes was a successful real estate investor. Hughes was deeply involved in the American real estate industry where he amassed vast holdings of undeveloped land both in Las Vegas and in the desert surrounding the city that had gone unused during his lifetime. In 1968, the Hughes Tool Company purchased the North Las Vegas Air Terminal.
Originally known as Summa Corporation, The Howard Hughes Corporation was formed in 1972 when the oil tools business of Hughes Tool Company, then owned by Howard Hughes Jr., was floated on the New York Stock Exchange under the Hughes Tool name. This forced the remaining businesses of the "original" Hughes Tool to adopt a new corporate name Summa. The name "Summa"—Latin for "highest"—was adopted without the approval of Hughes himself, who preferred to keep his own name on the business, and suggested HRH Properties (for Hughes Resorts and Hotels, and also his own initials).
Initially staying in the Desert Inn, Hughes refused to vacate his room, and instead decided to purchase the entire hotel. Hughes extended his financial empire to include Las Vegas real estate, hotels, and media outlets, spending an estimated $300 million, and using his considerable powers to take-over many of the well known hotels, especially the organized crime connected venues. He quickly became one of the most powerful men in Las Vegas. He was instrumental in changing the image of Las Vegas from its Wild West roots into a more refined cosmopolitan city.