【第1127期】聽歌學定語從句—Scars To Your Beautiful
Alessia Cara
阿萊西婭·卡拉（Alessia Cara），全名阿萊西婭·卡拉喬洛（Alessia Caracciolo），1996年7月11日出生在加拿大安大略布蘭普頓，加拿大創作型歌手。
2015年5月，籤約Def Jam唱片公司；4月27日，阿萊西婭·卡拉發行首支個人單曲《Here》；11月13日，發行首張個人錄音室專輯《Know-It-All》。2016年4月，獲得加拿大朱諾獎年度突破藝人獎；10月，為動畫電影《海洋奇緣》獻唱片尾曲《How Far I'll Go》。2017年4月，入圍第25屆公告牌音樂獎「最佳新人」獎。同年8月，憑藉歌曲《Stay 》和《Scars To Your Beautiful》分別獲得第34屆MTV音樂錄影帶大獎「最佳舞曲錄影帶」和「最佳體制對抗」獎。2018年1月29日，獲得第60屆格萊美最佳新人。8月，2018年華鼎獎全球演藝名人公眾形象排行榜公布，阿萊西婭·卡拉排名第97位。10月5日，發行單曲《Trust My Lonely》。
一、名詞性從句：四類（主語、賓語、表語、同位語從句）
二、形容詞性從句（定語從句）：兩類（限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句）
三、副詞性從句（狀語從句）：九類狀語從句（1、時間狀語從句: 2、地點狀語從句 3、原因狀語從句 4、目的狀語從句 5、結果狀語從句 6、條件狀語從句 7、方式狀語從句 8、讓步狀語從句 9、比較狀語從句）
https://v.qq.com/x/page/l0020zcet6v.html
https://v.qq.com/x/page/b0021fl2ndb.html
https://v.qq.com/x/page/m0355ffb3i4.html
She just wants to be beautiful
She goes unnoticed she knows no limits
She craves attention she praises an image
She prays to be sculpted by the sculptor
Oh she don't see the light that's shining
Deeper than the eyes can find it
Maybe we have made her blind
So she tries to cover up her pain
and cut her woes away
Cause covergirls don't cry after their face is made
But there's a hope that's waiting for you in the dark
You should know you're beautiful
just the way you are
And you don't have to change a thing
The world could change its heart
No scars to your beautiful
we're stars and we're beautiful
Oh
And you don't have to change a thing
The world could change its heart
No scars to your beautiful
we're stars and we're beautiful
She has dreams to be an envy
so she's starving
You know covergirls eat nothing
She says beauty is pain
and there's beauty in everything
What's a little bit of hunger
I could go a little while longer she fades away
She don't see her perfect
she don't understand she's worth it
Or that beauty goes deeper than the surface
So to all the girls that's hurting
Let me be your mirror
help you see a little bit clearer
The light that shines within
There's a hope that's waiting for you in the dark
You should know you're beautiful
just the way you are
And you don't have to change a thing
The world could change its heart
No scars to your beautiful
we're stars and we're beautiful
And you don't have to change a thing
The world could change its heart
No scars to your beautiful
we're stars and we're beautiful
No better you than the you that you are
No better you than the you that you are
No better life than the life we're living
No better life than the life we're living
No better time for your shine you're a star
No better time for your shine you're a star
Oh you're beautiful oh you're beautiful
There's a hope that's waiting for you in the dark
You should know you're beautiful
just the way you are
And you don't have to change a thing
The world could change its heart
No scars to your beautiful
we're stars and we're beautiful
And you don't have to change a thing
The world could change its heart
No scars to your beautiful
we're stars and we're beautiful
1. Oh she don't see the light that's shining. (定語從句，整個句子作名詞light的定語：由關係詞that / which引導，指代物，在定語從句that's shining中作is shining的主語，關係代詞that / which不可省)
2. But there's a hope that's waiting for you in the dark. (定語從句，整個句子作名詞hope的定語：由關係詞that / which引導，指代物，在定語從句that's waiting for you in the dark中作is waiting的主語，關係代詞that / which不可省)
3. You should know you're beautiful just the way you are. (定語從句，整個句子作特殊名詞way的定語：由關係詞that/ which引導，指代物，在定語從句you are中作are的表語，關係代詞that/ which可省)
4. So to all the girls that's hurting. (定語從句，整個句子作名詞girls的定語：由關係詞that / who引導，指代人，在定語從句that's hurting中作is hurting的主語，關係代詞that / who不可省)
5. The light that shines within. (定語從句，整個句子作名詞light的定語：由關係詞that / which引導，指代物，在定語從句that shines within中作shines的主語，關係代詞that / which不可省)
6. No better you than the you that you are. (定語從句，整個句子作代詞you的定語：由關係詞that/ who引導，指代人，在定語從句that you are中作are的表語，關係代詞that/ who不可省)
7. No better life than the life we're living. (定語從句，整個句子作名詞life的定語：由關係詞that / which引導，指代物，在定語從句we're living中作are living的賓語)
【Deep Learning】(深度學習)
1、定語從句的概念：修飾名詞或代詞的句子。
定語從句，一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞後（先行詞）進行修飾限定，就叫做定語從句。在主句中充當定語成分。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之後。
定語從句由關係詞（關係代詞、關係副詞）引導，關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首，起媒介作用。
2、定語從句的功能：
1）從詞法結構來說：充當形容詞，修飾前面的名詞或代詞，具有修飾或限定功能。
She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個喜歡唱歌的女孩。
2）從句法結構來說：充當連詞作用，連接前後兩個句子，使句子行文具有連貫性和簡潔性，使句子升級，具有連接功能。
那麼，怎樣用定語從句進行句子的連接並升級呢？根據定語從句的功能和概念，答案就是，當一個句子中出現了名詞或代詞的時候，而第二個句子要對上一個句子的某個名詞或代詞進行描述或說明的時候，我們就可以使用定語從句對它進行句式升級了。
定語從句：把兩個具有相同名詞和相同成分的句子進行連接的功能。在具體的翻譯中可以理解為「它，他，她」，「這（些），那（些）」等。
比如：
I recommend you to choose Tsinghua University. Tsinghua University enjoys a great reputation in China.
此時，可轉化升級為定語從句：
I recommend you to choose Tsinghua University, which enjoys a great reputation in China.
因此，寫出定語從句，步驟有三：
1）找到被修飾的名詞；
2）用此名詞再造一個與之相關的句子；
3）用關係詞替換第二句中的名詞或代詞，轉化為定語從句。
3）從語法功能來說：關係詞要在定語從句中充當某一句子成分，具有代替功能。常見錯誤是成分多餘。請看：
（錯）Is this the museum which you visited it a few days ago?
4）從交際功能來說：當我們對某事或某人找不到合適的詞來表達之時，就可使用定語從句來描述某物或某人，具有描述或解釋功能。
比如：當我們不會說食物：色拉，就可以用定語從句來描述或解釋。
This is a food that/which…
當我們不認識某人，就可以用定語從句來描述或解釋。
Do you know the person who/that…?
3、定語從句在閱讀或寫作中的微技巧
定語從句是從屬於主句的，是修飾或限制其前的mincing或代詞或句子的。因此，在閱讀中，是句子的次要信息，是細節信息。在閱讀篇章或段落的主旨大意時，可以省略不看，只看主句。定語從句在在閱讀時是略讀或快讀的或不讀的。
閱讀長難句的具體方法：抓住長句的核心成分。
何為句子的核心?所謂句子的核心(the core of a sentence)，就是指句子最主要的成分：主語、謂語動詞及其賓語或表語。這三種句子成分是句子最基本的要素。
請看下面例證中的劃線的句子：
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in corals(珊瑚) of the sea. In their skins, corals have tiny plants which act as "dustmen", taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs very much to breathe.
在plants之後用的是限制性的定語從句：which act as「dustmen」(起到是清潔工作用的微生物)，實際上回答的是what effect do they have(它們起的是什麼作用)的問題。在這個定語從句後出現的是現在分詞短語：taking some of the wasted products from the coral and giving in return oxygen…。經過語法分析，不難看出此處的分詞短語起的是解釋說明的作用，其意為：從珊瑚中清理掉一些廢料的產物而歸還其氧氣。在oxygen之後又出現了一個定語從句：which the animal needs very much to breathe(此種動物非常需要呼吸的氧氣)。
如果是涉及到細節題型的考查時，就必須慢讀或細讀。
而在寫作時，定語從句是連接句子的有效手段，也是要點寫作時增加細節的有效方法。
具體寫作方法：寫作要點寫成主句，定語從句擴充為細節。比如：
寫作要點1：感恩母親節
I love my mother.
I,____, love my mother,_____.
I,with all my heart and soul, which is never going to change until the end of the time, my mother，whose eyes are filled with love and encouragement, which has supported me all the way here.
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