HONG KONG — Jin Yong, a literary giant of the Chinese-speaking world whose fantastical epic novels inspired countless film, television and video game adaptations and were read by generations of ethnic Chinese, died on Tuesday in Hong Kong. He was 94.
香港——華語世界的文學巨匠金庸於上周二在香港去世，享年94歲。一代代華人讀過他的奇幻歷史小說，這些小說也改編成不計其數的電影、電視劇和電子遊戲。
His death, at the Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, was confirmed by Ming Pao, the prominent Hong Kong newspaper that Jin Yong helped establish and ran for decades. Chip Tsao, a writer and friend, said the cause of death was organ failure.
《明報》確認了他在香港養和醫院離世，這份香港著名的報紙由金庸參與創辦，已運營數十年。金庸的好友、作家陶傑(Chip Tsao)說，死因是器官衰竭。
Jin Yong, the pen name of Louis Cha, was one of the most widely read 20th-century writers in the Chinese language. The panoramic breadth and depth of the fictional universes he created have been compared to J. R. R. Tolkien’s 「The Lord of the Rings」 and have been studied as a topic known as 「Jinology.」
金庸是查良鏞的筆名，他是20世紀讀者最多的華語作家之一。他創造的虛構世界有著全景式的開闊與縱深，被拿來與託爾金(J.R.R. Tolkien)的《指環王》相提並論，對其小說的研究被稱為「金學」。
Jin Yong received his start as a novelist in the mid-1950s while working as a film critic and editor for The New Evening Post in Hong Kong, which was then a British crown colony. He had moved there in 1948 and lived there for most of his life.
金庸從1950年代中開始寫小說，時任香港《新晚報》的影評人和編輯。那時候香港還是英國政府的直轄殖民地。他於1948年移居香港，在那裡度過了一生的大部分時間。
From 1955 to 1972, Jin Yong wrote 14 novels and novellas and one short story in the popular genre known as wuxia, which consisted mainly of swashbuckling martial arts adventures.
從1955年到1972年，金庸寫了14部長篇、中篇和1部短篇武俠小說。武俠是流行的小說類型，主要講述誇張的功夫冒險。
His first wuxia novel, 「The Book and the Sword」 (1955), drew its inspiration from a legend that held that the Manchu emperor Qianlong was in fact a Han Chinese who had been switched at birth. The novel was serialized in The New Evening Post and became an instant hit.
他第一部武俠小說《書劍恩仇錄》（1955年）的靈感來自一個傳說：滿族皇帝乾隆實際上是個漢人，他在出生時被掉包。小說在《新晚報》連載，一炮而紅。
By the time he began writing, the Chinese Communist Party had banned wuxia literature, calling it 「decadent」 and 「feudal.」 The ban reflected a centuries-old view of wuxia as a marginal genre within the Chinese literary tradition.
他開始寫作的那個時候，中國共產黨禁止了武俠文學，稱之為「腐朽」「封建」。禁令也反映出中國文學傳統的一個古老觀點：武俠是不入流的類型。
But in Hong Kong and other parts of the Chinese diaspora, Jin Yong’s novels helped spearhead a new wave of martial arts fiction in the 1950s and 『60s.
但是在香港和其他散居海外的華人當中，金庸的小說在五六十年代掀起了一股新的武俠小說熱潮。
Jin Yong elevated what had been a rather formulaic genre by blending in poetry, history and fantasy to create hundreds of vivid characters who travel through a mirror underworld that operates according to its own laws and code of ethics.
通過融合詩歌、歷史和幻想，金庸拔高了這個已經相當套路化的小說類型，創造出幾百個生動人物，穿行在一個依照自身法則和道德規範運行而又映射現實的俗世。
In tales of love, chivalry, friendship and filial piety, his characters are flawed, with complex emotional histories, making them all the more appealing.
在這些講述愛情、俠義、友情和孝道的故事裡，他的諸多人物並不完美，有著錯綜的情感往事，這隻讓他們更為動人。
「Writing about heroes was very easy,」 Jin Yong said in a 2012 interview. 「But as I got older I learned that these big heroes actually had another, more contemptible side to them, a side that was not shown to others.」
「寫英雄很容易，」金庸在2012年的一次採訪中說。「但年紀慢慢大了之後……這個大英雄後面，其實有他自己卑鄙的一方面，有他見不得人的一方面。」
Translated into many languages, his books have sold tens of millions of copies, fueling a sprawling industry of film, television and video game adaptations.
他的作品以多種語言出版，銷量達數千萬冊，帶來影視和電子遊戲的大量改編。
Jin Yong used martial arts fiction as a vehicle to talk about Chinese history and traditional culture, forging his own fictional vernacular that drew heavily on classical expressions. His stories were often set at pivotal moments in Chinese history, like the rise and fall of dynasties. They made reference to Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist ideas, and positioned martial arts as an integral part of Chinese culture, alongside traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and calligraphy.
金庸用武俠小說為載體談論中國歷史和傳統文化，大量借鑑古典表達，鍛造出虛構的白話口語。他的故事經常發生在中國歷史的關鍵時刻，比如改朝換代。故事時常提及儒釋道的思想，並將武術與中醫、針灸和書法並列，作為中國文化的組成部分。
Jin Yong took a 「marginal, even disreputable, form of popular fiction and made it both a vehicle for serious literary expression and something that appealed to Chinese readers around the globe,」 John Christopher Hamm, an associate professor of Asian languages and literature at the University of Washington, said in a telephone interview.
華盛頓大學亞洲語言文學副教授韓倚松(John Christopher Hamm)在接受電話採訪時說，金庸拾起了一種「不入流的，甚至名聲不好的通俗小說形式，使其既成為嚴肅文學表達的載體，又吸引了全球華人讀者」。
Following the early success of his novels, Jin Yong established his own newspaper, Ming Pao Daily News, in Hong Kong in 1959. Soon he was publishing installments of his novels while writing daily social commentaries about the horrors of Mao Zedong’s China.
早期的小說取得成功之後，金庸1959年在香港創辦了自己的報紙《明報》。很快他就一邊連載他的小說，一邊每天撰寫毛澤東時代中國各種駭人事件的社評。
It was a subject he was intimately familiar with: In 1951, his father had been labeled a 「class enemy」 and was executed by the Communists.
這個主題他是有切身體會的：1951年，他父親被打成「階級敵人」，遭共產黨處決。
In 1981, as China was beginning to open up economically and politically, Jin Yong traveled to Beijing to meet with Deng Xiaoping, Mao’s successor. Deng confessed that he was an avid fan of Jin Yong’s books.
1981年中國開始了經濟和政治上的開放，金庸到北京會見了毛的繼任者鄧小平。鄧小平承認自己是金庸小說的忠實讀者。
「Reading his novels opened our vision,」 Liu Jianmei, a professor of contemporary Chinese literature at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, said in a telephone interview. 「His way of thinking was so different from what was being cultivated in mainland China at the time. He helped us think beyond right and wrong, good and bad.」
「讀他的小說打開了我們的眼界，」香港科技大學當代中國文學教授劉劍梅在電話採訪中說。「他的思維方式與當時中國大陸培養的那種方式如此不同。他幫助我們跳出是與非、好與壞去思考。」
In 1985, Jin Yong was appointed to a political committee charged with drafting Hong Kong’s Basic Law, the mini-constitution that would govern that semiautonomous city once Britain handed it over, ending colonial rule. He drew criticism for backing a conservative proposal to select the city’s leader without universal suffrage.
1985年，金庸被任命為負責起草香港《基本法》的政治委員會成員。這部小型憲法將在英國結束殖民統治、移交香港主權後管理這個半自治城市。他支持一項保守建議，不以普選方式選出香港領導人，招致批評。
Cha Leung-yung was born the second of seven children on March 10, 1924, in Haining, in the central coastal province of Zhejiang. His father, Zha Shuqing, was an educated landlord. His mother, Xu Lu, was from a wealthy business family.
查良鏞1924年3月10日出生在浙江海寧，是七個孩子中的老二。他的父親查樞卿是一位受過教育的地主。他的母親徐祿出自富裕的商賈人家。（學習如何對人物進行簡要介紹）
Jin Yong graduated from Soochow University’s law school in 1948. By then he had begun working as a journalist and translator for the newspaper Ta Kung Pao in Shanghai. In 1948 he moved with the newspaper to Hong Kong, which would become his home for the next seven decades.
金庸1948年畢業於東吳大學法學院。此後他開始擔任上海《大公報》的記者和翻譯。1948年，他隨報社遷至香港，這裡成為他後來70年的家。
He retired from writing novels in 1972. He stepped down as chairman of the Ming Pao Enterprise Corporation in 1993.
1972年，他封筆不再寫小說。1993年，他辭去明報企業董事局主席的職務。
Jin Yong is survived by his third wife, Lam Lok Yi, and his children from his second marriage: a son, Andrew, and two daughters, Grace and Edna.
金庸的在世親人還有第三任妻子林樂怡，以及他與第二任妻子的孩子：兒子查傳倜和兩個女兒查傳詩、查傳訥。
This year, the first installment of Jin Yong’s popular trilogy, 「Legends of the Condor Heroes,」 was translated into English, by Anna Holmwood.
今年，金庸備受歡迎的三部曲中的第一部《射鵰英雄傳》由郝玉青(Anna Holmwood)譯成了英文。
Among readers of original Chinese versions, Jin Yong had no shortage of prominent fans. They include Jack Ma, the chairman of Alibaba, who at one point gave employees nicknames drawn from characters in the novels.
金庸中文原版小說的讀者當中不乏顯赫的粉絲。阿里巴巴集團董事長馬雲就是其一，他曾用金庸小說中人物的名字給手下員工當綽號。
金庸老先生的小說《射鵰英雄傳》首部英譯本由英國出版社Maclehose Press出版，分為12卷陸續出版，第一卷《英雄誕生》（A Hero Born）已經發售
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Description:
THE CHINESE "LORD OF THE RINGS" - NOW IN ENGLISH FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE SERIES EVERY CHINESE READER HAS BEEN ENJOYING FOR DECADES - 300 MILLION COPIES SOLD. China: 1200 A.D. The Song Empire has been invaded by its warlike Jurchen neighbours from the north. Half its territory and its historic capital lie in enemy hands; the peasants toil under the burden of the annual tribute demanded by the victors. Meanwhile, on the Mongolian steppe, a disparate nation of great warriors is about to be united by a warlord whose name will endure for eternity: Genghis Khan. Guo Jing, son of a murdered Song patriot, grew up with Genghis Khan's army. He is humble, loyal, perhaps not altogether wise, and is fated from birth to one day confront an opponent who is the opposite of him in every way: privileged, cunning and flawlessly trained in the martial arts. Guided by his faithful shifus, The Seven Heroes of the South, Guo Jing must return to China - to the Garden of the Drunken Immortals in Jiaxing - to fulfil his destiny. But in a divided land riven by war and betrayal, his courage and his loyalties will be tested at every turn. Translated from the Chinese by Anna Holmwood Volume 2 - A Bond Undone - will be published in January 2019.
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