因為疫情不能出門?免費跟婉哲老師線上看歌劇——馬斯涅《維特》

今晚大家將看到的是2014年3月15日大都會歌劇院的《維特》(Werther)，是大都會歌劇院自1894年3月29日首演起的第81場演出。

歌德(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)在25歲的時候寫下的讓其一夜成名的小說《少年維特的煩惱》 (The Sorrows of Young Werther),100年後馬斯涅根據這部小說譜寫出《維特》(Werther)這部歌劇，雖然並沒有像古諾(Charles-François Gounod)的歌劇《浮士德》(Faust)那樣轟動，但是也成為了繼他的歌劇作品《曼儂》(Manon)後的又一部成功作品。

馬斯涅在這部歌劇首演十年後，專門為男中音準備了一個版本，男中音託馬斯·漢普森(Thomas Hampson)曾在1999年大都會歌劇院演唱過這個男中音的版本，由此可見作曲家馬斯涅心目中的「維特」聲音上要有一些暗淡的色彩來表現這個悲傷的角色，而德國男高音喬納斯·考夫曼（Jonas Kaufmann）剛好滿足了這個條件，他的演唱有力又不失優雅，在駕馭高音之外又用其獨特的音色增強了角色的憂鬱感。

祝大家品劇愉快:

https://www.metopera.org/season/on-demand/opera/?upc=811357017296

  👆推薦CD版本，個人收藏

指揮 

ConductorAlain Altinoglu

導演 

Production....Richard Eyre

舞臺設計 

Set designer.Rob Howell

燈光設計 

Lighting designer...Peter Mumford

電視直播導演 

TV Director...Gary Halvorson

主要演員：

維特

WertherJonas Kaufmann

夏綠蒂

Charlotte...Sophie Koch

阿爾伯特

Albert....David Bižić

蘇菲

Sophie..Lisette Oropesa

《維特》(Werther)是法國作曲家馬斯涅(Jules Massenet)的四幕歌劇，腳本由布勞(Edouard Blau)、米利耶(Paul Milliet)及哈特曼(Georges Hartmann)根據歌德(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe)的小說《少年維特的煩惱》改編而成，1892年2月16日首演於維也納宮廷劇院，受到熱烈歡迎。《維特》被譽為是馬斯涅最卓越的音樂作品，本劇著重刻畫主人公內心細膩複雜的感受，音樂優美舒緩，富有詩意，對演員的要求很高。該劇也是馬斯涅一系列受真實主義歌劇影響的作品中的第一部，後來此類歌劇還有感人的《納瓦拉姑娘》(La Navarraise)等。

儒勒·馬斯涅(Jules Massenet,1842-1912)，法國作曲家，自幼從母學習鋼琴，十一歲即入巴黎音樂學院，師從託馬，二十一歲時獲羅馬大獎。1878年任母校作曲教授並被選為法蘭西學院院士，1899年榮獲二級勳位，十九世紀八十年代後創作進入旺期。代表作品為歌劇《泰伊思》(Thais)、《維特》(Werther)、《曼儂》(Manon)等。馬斯涅被譽為梅耶貝爾(Giacomo Meyerbeer*)和德彪西(Claude Debussy)之間法國最偉大的歌劇作曲家，他保持了法國抒情歌劇傳統本質特徵，作品精緻典雅，甜美動聽。中國上海市思南路（原法租界馬斯南路）即為紀念馬斯涅而得名。

*註：賈科莫·梅耶貝爾(Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791-1864)雖然出生於德國的柏林，但卻是19世紀法國式大歌劇的創建人和主要代表人物。

1780年代的德國法蘭克福。20歲的夏綠蒂(Charlotte)美麗又善良，在舞會結束後，個性浪漫的少年詩人維特(Werther)送夏綠蒂回家，並愛上了她。可是夏綠蒂一味迴避他愛慕的表示，並對他講起過世的母親與可愛的弟妹，還說自己要遵守母親遺願，跟阿爾伯特(Albert)已定下了婚約。愛情在帶來甜蜜的同時，也令維特痛苦。

THE HOME OF THE BAILIFF

Wetzlar, Germany, early July. The newly widowed Bailiff is, oddly, rehearsing a Christmas carol with his young children on a warm summer evening. Since the death of his wife, his eldest daughter, Charlotte, has been looking after the family. Two of his drinking friends stop by and discuss the young poet Werther, who is to escort Charlotte to a ball that evening. They also ask about Charlotte’s absent fiancé, Albert. After they have gone into the house, Werther appears and reflects on the beauty of nature. Charlotte returns, dressed for the ball, and Werther watches as she gives the children a treat and then leaves them in the care of Sophie, her 15-year-old sister. Deeply touched by the idyllic scene, Werther departs with Charlotte. The Bailiff sets off to join his friends at the inn and Sophie remains alone as night falls. She is surprised by the arrival of Albert, who has returned after a long absence. They talk happily of his impending marriage to Charlotte and go off into the house.

Charlotte and Werther dance at the ball, entranced by each other. In the moonlight, they return to the Bailiff’s house. Werther praises Charlotte’s beauty and devotion to her family; she remembers her mother. Werther passionately declares his love for her and they are about to kiss when the Bailiff calls out from the house that Albert is back. The spell is broken. Charlotte admits that he is the man she promised her dying mother to marry. Werther is devastated.

人們聚在廣場上，準備為牧師夫婦慶祝他們的金婚式。阿爾伯特伴著夏綠蒂出席，他們剛剛結婚，維特也來了，他站在遠處，默默地望著夏綠蒂。夏綠蒂深知維特對她的愛慕之意，但她是個有夫之婦，便建議維特去旅行，等聖誕節的時候再回來，這樣既得到了鍛鍊又可令他冷靜。維特知道，如果自己真的愛她，就應該放手，於是下決心要永遠離開，來成全夏綠蒂的婚姻幸福。

THE LINDEN TREES

It is late September and the 50th anniversary of the Pastor’s marriage is being celebrated in the village. Charlotte and Albert have been married for three months. Werther has maintained a friendship with them but is tormented by the idea that Charlotte belongs to another man. Albert tells him that he understands why Werther is so depressed: he knows all too well what it would mean to lose her. Werther assures him that he only feels friendship for them both. Sophie enters and happily invites Werther for a dance but he evades her. When Charlotte appears he cannot prevent himself from speaking of his love and recalls their first meeting. Charlotte reminds him of her duties as a wife. For both of their sakes, she says, he must leave town and not return until Christmas. Alone, Werther gives in to his despair, musing on the idea of suicide. Sophie returns to invite him to the festivities but he brusquely replies that he is departing forever and rushes off, leaving her in tears. When Sophie passes on the news, Albert realizes that Werther is still in love with Charlotte. The celebration for the wedding anniversary begins.

平安夜，夏綠蒂讀了維特留下的信，感到仍然愛著維特。正當夏綠蒂祈求上帝的幫助時，維特出現了。他們緊緊擁抱在一起，但夏綠蒂馬上因犯罪感離開了房間，隨後維特也離開了。他向阿爾伯特借了手槍，說是遠行途中要用。夏綠蒂感覺到不妙，匆忙來到維特的住所。

ALBERT』S HOUSE

Christmas Eve. Charlotte obsessively re-reads Werther’s letters, admitting to herself that she still loves him as much as he loves her. Sophie arrives and tries to cheer her up, but Charlotte gives in to her despair. Suddenly Werther appears, utterly desolate. Together they evoke tender memories of playing the piano and reading poetry together. Werther tells her that he’s still in love with her and that she must admit that she loves him. He becomes increasingly wild and she becomes fearful, torn between giving in to him and escaping from him. He struggles with her, then kisses her. She panics and runs from the room, telling him they will never meet again. Left without hope, Werther declares she has delivered a sentence of death and leaves. Albert returns, knowing that Werther has come back. He questions Charlotte as a servant hands him a note from Werther: he is going on a long journey and asks to borrow Albert’s pistols. Albert orders his wife to hand them over. As soon as Albert leaves the room, Charlotte rushes off to save Werther.

維特家的書房。夏綠蒂的預感沒有錯，她跑進房間的時候看到維特躺在血泊中，已經奄奄一息，身邊放著阿爾伯特的槍。夏綠蒂將他抱在懷裡，悲痛欲絕，她坦白了自己對維特的愛。維特請求夏綠蒂原諒她以往的行為，並表示自己很幸福，死前能夠得到她的愛。這時窗外傳來孩子們聖誕節的歌聲，維特閉上了眼睛，嘴角還留著一絲微笑。

THE DEATH OF WERTHER

Charlotte finds Werther mortally wounded in his study. He asks her not to call for help, happy to finally be united with her. She admits that she has loved him since they first met. Werther dies in her arms as the children’s Christmas carol is heard outside.

愛歌劇 🐻有魚吃🐟