Handle all kinds of criminal cases by law to protect people's right of life and property right. The state focuses on punishing violent terrorist crimes, serious crimes of violence, gangland crimes, crimes involving guns and explosives, crimes endangering food and medicine safety, crimes related to drug production and trafficking, and some other crimes. Public security organs have launched a series of special actions to fight against violent terrorist activities, combat organized criminal gangs, crack down on illegal gathering and trading of citizens' information, and combat telecommunication fraud and the use of pseudo base stations.
Together with the Ministry of Public Security and the China Food and Drug Administration, the Supreme People's Procuratorate has formulated working methods connecting administrative law enforcement on food and medicine crimes with criminal justice. In 2015, procuratorial organs at all levels recommended to food and drug regulatory authorities to bring 1,646 suspected criminal cases to lawsuit, and supervised and urged public security organs to file 877 cases. The mechanism enabling procuratorial organs to synchronously engage in investigating and handling industrial accidents has been improved. In 2015 procuratorial organs prosecuted 2,199 people for being liable for serious accidents, and investigated and dealt with 823 involved in these accidents for work-related crimes. After the Tianjin Port fire and explosion incident on August 12, 2015, procuratorial organs quickly launched an investigation, and then placed on file 25 cases of criminals suspected of dereliction of duty, abuse of power, and bribery. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded 4,062,600 criminal cases of first instance. Related courts tried, according to the law, the case of the Kunming terrorist attack on March 1, 2014, that of Beijing terrorist attack on October 28, 2013, and other cases of violent terrorist crimes. Courts concluded 2,070 cases of gangland crimes, 1,050,500 cases of murder, robbery, kidnapping, rape and other crimes, and 417,300 cases of drug-related crimes.
依法懲處腐敗犯罪和職務犯罪，為人權保障創造良好的政治和法治環境。2015年，各級檢察機關共立案偵查職務犯罪案件40834件54249人。其中，查辦貪汙賄賂、挪用公款100萬元以上的案件4490件，同比上升22.5%；查辦受賄犯罪13210人、行賄犯罪8217人；查辦國家機關工作人員瀆職侵權犯罪13040人；查辦事關群眾切身利益的徵地拆遷、社會保障、教育、醫療、「三農」等民生領域的職務犯罪20538人。2012年至2015年，各級法院共審結貪汙賄賂犯罪案件9.49萬件，判處罪犯10.02萬人；審結行賄案件1.03萬件，判處罪犯9219人；審結瀆職犯罪案件2.13萬件，判處罪犯2.35萬人。其中被告人原為廳局級以上的381人，原為縣處級以上的2269人。依法判處周永康無期徒刑，剝奪政治權利終身，並處沒收個人財產；判處薄熙來無期徒刑，剝奪政治權利終身，並處沒收個人財產。Punish by law crimes of corruption and work-related crimes to create a favorable political and legal environment for the protection of human rights. In 2015, procuratorial organs at all levels placed on file and investigated 40,834 cases of work-related crimes involving 54,249 people. Specifically, they investigated and dealt with 4,490 cases of embezzlement, bribery, and defalcation of more than one million yuan each, a year-on-year increase of 22.5 percent; 13,210 people for taking bribes and 8,217 for offering bribes; 13,040 civil servants for dereliction and malfeasance; and 20,538 people for work related crimes in land requisition and demolition, social security, education, health care, the Three Rural (agriculture, rural areas and farmers) issues and other livelihood fields concerning immediate interests of the people. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded 94,900 cases of corruption and bribery and sentenced 100,200 criminals; concluded 10,300 cases of offering bribes and sentenced 9,219 criminals; and concluded 21,300 cases of dereliction of duty, and sentenced 23,500 criminals. Among the defendants, 381 were formerly at/above the department or bureau level, and 2,269 were at/above the county or division level. Zhou Yongkang was sentenced to life imprisonment and deprived of political rights for life, and his personal assets were confiscated. Bo Xilai was sentenced to life imprisonment and deprived of political rights for life, and his personal assets were confiscated.打拐專項行動深入推進，反對拐賣婦女兒童工作取得重要進展。堅持不懈預防、打擊拐賣婦女和兒童犯罪，落實《中國反對拐賣人口行動計劃（2013－2020年）》，解救拐賣犯罪被害人。刑法修正案（九）對收買被拐賣婦女和兒童的行為，加大了處罰力度。公安機關深入推進打拐專項行動，完善工作機制，縣（市、區）公安機關主要領導或主管領導擔任拐賣兒童案件專案組長，全程負責；在全國實行兒童失蹤快速查找機制，充分調動警務資源快速查找失蹤兒童；開展全國來歷不明兒童集中摸排行動，對疑似被拐賣兒童採集DNA信息後，錄入全國打拐DNA信息庫比對。截至2015年，全國打拐DNA信息庫已為4100多名被拐賣兒童找到親生父母。公安部打拐辦開通微博，普及防拐知識，推動全社會提高防拐反拐意識，支持參與打拐工作。拐賣婦女兒童犯罪得到有效遏制，案件數量自2013年起逐年下降。各級法院2015年審結的拐賣婦女兒童犯罪案件數量比2010年下降了55.55%。Advance special actions against human trafficking, and make important progress in combating trafficking in women and children. China has made unremitting efforts to prevent and crack down on the abduction and trafficking of women and children. It has worked to implement China's National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children (2013-2020) and to rescue abducted victims. Amendment (IX) to the Criminal Law increases penalties for whoever buys an abducted woman or child. Public security organs have launched special actions against human trafficking, and improved their working mechanisms. The principal leader or a leader in direct charge of a public security organ at the county (city or district) level should take charge of a special group for the examination of child trafficking cases, and take responsibility throughout the whole process. A mechanism for quickly searching for missing children has been put in place around the country, under which police resources are fully mobilized to quickly find missing children. A uniform operation of thorough search and investigation for children of unknown origin has been carried out nationwide, in which DNA information of children suspected of being the victims of abduction is collected and recorded into a national DNA database for comparison. As of 2015, the national DNA database against trafficking had helped more than 4,100 abducted children find their birth parents. The Anti-Trafficking Office of the Ministry of Public Security opened a Weibo to popularize information on anti-trafficking, promote public awareness in preventing and combating trafficking, and encourage people to support and participate in anti-trafficking work. Through these efforts, crimes of trafficking in women and children have been effectively curbed, and the number of such cases has decreased year by year since 2013. The number of cases of trafficking in women and children that courts at all levels concluded in 2015 fell by 55.55 percent compared to 2010.依法懲處侵犯未成年人違法犯罪，強化未成年人權利保障。2013年，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、司法部聯合發布《關於依法懲治性侵害未成年人犯罪的意見》，突出了對未成年被害人的權益保護和對性侵害犯罪分子的依法嚴懲。2014年10月，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、民政部聯合發布《關於依法處理監護人侵害未成年人權益行為若干問題的意見》，對實施性侵害、暴力、虐待、遺棄未成年人的父母或其他監護人，依法撤銷其監護人資格。刑法修正案（九）取消了嫖宿幼女罪名，對此類行為適用刑法關於姦淫幼女的，以強姦論、從重處罰的規定；規定對未成年人、老年人等負有監護、看護職責的人虐待被監護、看護的人，情節惡劣的，處三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。2013年至2015年，各級人民法院共審結猥褻兒童犯罪案件7610件，判處6620人；審結虐待罪刑事案件224件。2015年，江蘇省徐州市銅山區人民法院審結首例撤銷未成年人父母監護人資格案件。公安機關加強校園及周邊治安環境整治，有效維護校園安全。全國共設立校園周邊警務室和治安崗亭17萬個，設立「護學崗」26萬個，每日巡邏力量達30萬人次。各地校園配備保安員70萬名、防護裝備120萬件，安裝技防設備68萬套。Bring to justice criminals who infringe the rights of minors, and strengthen the protection of minors' rights. In 2013, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Opinions on Legally Punishing the Crime of Sexual Assault Against Minors, highlighting protection of minor victims' rights and severe punishment of criminals engaging in sexual assault against minors. In October 2014, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning Law-based Handling of the Infringement of the Rights and Interests of Minors by Their Guardians, deciding that guardianship of parents or other guardians who sexually assault, treat with violence, abuse and abandon minors will be revoked according to law. Amendment (IX) to the Criminal Law abolishes the crime of sex with a girl under the age of 14, and stipulates that whoever has sexual relations with a girl under the age of 14, as applicable to the Criminal Law, shall be deemed to have committed rape and shall be given a heavier punishment. It also stipulates that anyone who maltreats a minor or an elderly person whom they are responsible for guarding and nursing, if the case is serious, shall be sentenced to imprisonment or criminal detention of not more than three years. From 2013 to 2015, people's courts at all levels concluded 7,610 cases involving child molestation, and sentenced 6,620 criminals; and concluded 224 criminal cases of maltreatment. In 2015, the People's Court of Tongshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province concluded the first case of revoking the guardianship of a minor's parents. Public security organs have strengthened police on campus and in surrounding areas, and effectively maintained campus safety. Around the country, 170,000 police offices and security sentry boxes have been set up in surrounding areas of schools, and 260,000 posts for protecting students have been set up, representing a daily patrol force of 300,000. Schools have employed 700,000 security guards and provided them with 1.2 million items of protective equipment, and installed 680,000 sets of equipment for technical defense.嚴格控制和慎用死刑，確保死刑只適用於極少數罪行極其嚴重的犯罪分子。繼2011年刑法修正案（八）取消13個經濟性非暴力犯罪的死刑後，2015年通過的刑法修正案（九）再次減少適用死刑的罪名，取消走私武器、彈藥罪，走私核材料罪，走私假幣罪，偽造貨幣罪，集資詐騙罪，組織賣淫罪，強迫賣淫罪，阻礙執行軍事職務罪，戰時造謠惑眾罪9個罪的死刑，並進一步提高對判處死刑緩期執行的罪犯執行死刑的門檻。在死刑案件中充分保障被告人的辯護權和其他合法權益，實行死刑第二審案件全部開庭審理。最高人民法院覆核死刑案件注重依法訊問被告人，聽取辯護律師的意見。Strictly control the death penalty and employ it with prudence to ensure that it applies only to a very small number of extremely serious criminal offenders. Following the Amendment (VIII) to the Criminal Law in 2011 which abolishes the death penalty for 13 economy-related, non-violent offenses, Amendment (IX) to the Criminal Law, adopted in 2015, again reduces the number of crimes for capital punishment, abolishing the death penalty for nine areas of crime: smuggling arms and ammunitions, smuggling nuclear materials, smuggling counterfeit currency notes, counterfeiting currency, illegally raising funds, organizing others for prostitution, forcing others into prostitution, obstructing commanders or personnel in the performance of their military duties, and creating rumors and misleading the people during time of war. Amendment (IX) to the Criminal Law also extends the possibility of reprieve in cases of capital sentence. In death penalty cases, the defendant's right to defense and other legitimate rights and interests are fully protected, as hearings are held for all death penalty cases of second instance. When the Supreme People's Court reviews a death penalty case, it focuses on interrogating the defendant in accordance with the law, and listening to opinions of the defense counsel.依法審理民商事案件，切實保障民生權利。2012年至2015年，各級法院審結民商事案件3230.24萬件。其中，審結農村承包合同糾紛案件9.01萬件、宅基地糾紛案件1萬件，審結婚姻家庭、撫養繼承等案件661.16萬件。妥善處理人身傷害、勞動就業、教育、醫療、住房等與人民生產生活密切相關的案件，依法保障民生。2012年至2015年，各級人民法院共審結涉民生案件233.43萬件。Try civil and commercial cases by law to effectively protect people's right of livelihood. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded 32,302,400 civil and commercial cases. Among these, 90,100 involved rural contract disputes, 10,000 involved homestead disputes, and 6,611,600 cases involved marriage and family, upbringing and inheritance. The courts properly handled cases relating to personal injury, employment, education, health care, housing, and other areas closely related to people's daily and working life, protecting people's livelihood according to the law. From 2012 to 2015, people's courts at all levels concluded a total of 2,334,300 such cases.依法審理環境資源案件，保護公民環境權益。2014年6月，最高人民法院設立環境資源審判庭。截至2015年，全國共有24個省（自治區、直轄市）的法院設立環境資源審判庭、合議庭、巡迴法庭，共計456個。2012年至2015年，各級法院共審結各類涉及資源、環境案件49.55萬件。2013年至2015年，最高人民法院先後4次共計發布33起環境資源典型案例，保障環境資源法律的全面、正確、統一施行，推動生態環境司法治理。Hear cases involving the environment or resource use to protect citizens' environmental rights. In June 2014, the Supreme People's Court established a tribunal for lawsuits involving the environment and resource use. As of 2015, courts of 24 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) had established 456 tribunals, collegial benches and circuit courts for environment cases. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded a total of 495,500 such cases. From 2013 to 2015, the Supreme People's Court notified the public of 33 typical environment cases on four occasions, trying to ensure environment and resource laws are properly applied in a comprehensive, correct, and consistent way, and to promote environmental protection on the basis of the law.依法審理行政訴訟案件，維護行政相對人合法權益。2012年至2015年，各級法院共審結各類行政案件57.9萬件。妥善審理社會關注的房屋拆遷行政訴訟案件，依法保護被拆遷人合法權益，審結房屋拆遷行政訴訟案件3.28萬件。健全行政機關負責人依法出庭應訴制度。江蘇省行政機關負責人行政訴訟出庭應訴率2014年至2015年均在90%以上，其中海安縣人民政府連續3任縣長親自出庭應訴，連續6年行政機關負責人出庭應訴率達100%。加強行政案件協調和非訴行政案件執行等工作，促進化解行政糾紛。及時向行政機關反饋審判工作中發現的行政執法突出問題，促進依法行政。2014年至2015年，最高人民法院先後發布「徵收拆遷十大案例」「信息公開十大案例」「環境保護十大案例」「行政不作為十大案例」和「經濟行政十大案例」，規範行政執法，統一裁判尺度。Hear administrative cases to safeguard legitimate rights and interests of private parties. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded 579,000 administrative cases of various types. The courts properly heard administrative proceedings involving house demolitions of high social concern, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of displaced people in accordance with the law. They concluded 32,800 administrative cases involving house demolitions. The system whereby the individual in charge of an administrative agency appears and defends the organ in court in accordance with the law has been improved. In 2014 and 2015, among Jiangsu administrative agencies involved in administrative proceedings, more than 90 percent of those in charge appeared in court. Three consecutive magistrates of Hai'an County People's Government personally appeared in court. For six years, all heads of various administrative organs of this county, when involved in administrative proceedings, appeared in court. Coordination of administrative cases and enforcement of non-litigation administrative cases have been strengthened, helping resolve administrative disputes. Timely feedback on prominent law enforcement problems found in court trials has been provided to administrative agencies to promote law-based administration. From 2014 to 2015, the Supreme People's Court made known to the public ten cases concerning land acquisition, house demolition and relocation, ten information disclosure cases, ten cases concerning environmental protection, ten cases concerning administrative nonfeasance, and ten administrative cases concerning commercial interests. In so doing, it has regulated administrative law enforcement, and provided uniform criteria for judgment.依法審理國家賠償案件，保障賠償請求人合法權益。2015年，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院聯合制定《關於辦理刑事賠償案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》，明確細化了終止追究刑事責任的情形，解決了實踐中因刑事案件久拖不決公民無法申請國家賠償的問題，對促進辦案機關依法行使職權、保障公民取得國家賠償的權利，發揮了重要作用。2012年至2015年，各級法院共審結國家賠償案件1.23萬件。2016年1月7日，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院聯合公布8起刑事賠償典型案例。Safeguard legitimate rights and interests of applicants in state compensation cases. In 2015, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate jointly issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases Regarding Compensation, elaborating on the circumstances under which investigation of criminal liabilities is terminated. The document has helped solve problems for citizens who cannot apply for state compensation due to protracted criminal cases, and played an important role in urging case handling organs to exercise functions according to the law and in protecting the right to state compensation. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded a total of 12,300 cases on state compensation. On January 7, 2016, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate brought the public's attention to eight typical criminal cases on state compensation.強化生效裁判執行工作，保護執行案件當事人合法權益。最高人民法院修改《關於限制被執行人高消費的若干規定》，全面限制失信被執行人非生活或經營必須的消費，建立全社會失信懲戒聯動機制。截至2015年，全國共有308萬名被執行人被納入失信名單，累計攔截357.7萬人次購買飛機票，59.88萬人次購買列車軟臥、高鐵和動車一等座以上車票。2012年至2015年，各級法院共新收申請執行案件1259.14萬件，執結1190.6萬件。加強涉民生案件執行。2015年12月1日至2016年2月15日，最高人民法院開展涉民生案件集中執行，著重執行涉及人民群眾生存生活的追索勞動報酬、農民工工資、贍養費、撫養費等9類案件，截至2016年1月15日，全國共執結約6萬件，執行到位約20億元。Reinforce enforcement of effective judgment to protect legitimate rights and interests of relevant parties. The Supreme People's Court revised Several Provisions on Restricting Extravagant Spending of the Persons Subject to Enforcement, restricting expenditure not necessary for life or business operation by the persons who are included in the list of dishonest persons subject to enforcement. This effort helped set up a public mechanism for penalizing dishonest people. As of 2015, 3.08 million people subject to enforcement had been included in the list of dishonest persons, 3,577,000 attempts by these people to buy airline tickets had been intercepted, as well as 598,800 attempts to buy soft sleeper tickets and first-class tickets on high-speed trains. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels received 12,591,400 new cases of application for enforcement, of which 11,906,000 were enforced and concluded. Enforcement of cases relating to essential requirements of daily life has been reinforced. From December 1, 2015 to February 15, 2016, the Supreme People's Court enforced such cases in a centralized way, with focus on nine categories, including recovering payment for labor, migrant workers' wages, alimony, and payment for children's upbringing. As of January 15, 2016, about 60,000 cases had been enforced and concluded, involving sums of about two billion yuan.完善社區矯正工作，有效保障社區矯正對象的合法權益。各級司法行政機關認真落實《關於組織社會力量參與社區矯正工作的意見》，將社區矯正經費納入各級財政預算，鼓勵引導社會力量參與社區矯正工作，解決好社區矯正對象就業就學和社會救助、社會保險等問題，通過各種渠道加強對社區矯正對象的教育幫扶，重視社區矯正對象心理矯治，促進其更好地融入社會。截至2015年，各地累計接收社區矯正對象270.2萬人，累計解除矯正200.4萬人，現有社區矯正對象69.8萬人。社區矯正對象在矯正期間的重新違法犯罪率為0.2%。全國累計建立縣（區）社區矯正中心1339個。現有社區服務基地24787個，教育基地9218個，就業基地8165個，社區矯正小組67.2萬個。全國從事社區矯正工作的社會工作者8.3萬人，社會志願者69萬人。北京市海澱區社區矯正中心聯合5所高校創辦中途學院，由高校教師為社區矯正對象提供針對性分類教育。安徽省巢湖市社區矯正中心為社區矯正對象建立心理健康檔案，開展諮詢服務活動。Improve community correction work to effectively protect correction subjects' legitimate rights and interests. Administrative organs of justice at all levels have implemented the Opinions on Organizing Social Forces to Participate in Community Correction. They have covered community correction funds in financial budgets at all levels; encouraged and guided social forces to participate in community correction; tried to solve employment, schooling, social assistance, social security and other issues for correction subjects; strengthened education for and assistance to them through various channels; and directed attention to their psychological treatment. In so doing they have helped them better reintegrate into society. As of 2015, administrative organs of justice around the country had received a total of 2,702,000 offenders for community correction, among whom 2,004,000 were discharged from correction and 698,000 remained for correction. Only 0.2 percent of offenders committed crimes during the correction period. Altogether 1,339 community correction centers have been established nationwide in counties or districts. There are 24,787 bases for community service, 9,218 bases for education, 8,165 bases for employment, and 672,000 community correction groups. Around the country, 83,000 social workers and 690,000 volunteers are engaged in community correction. Haidian District Community Correction Center of Beijing founded the Zhongtu (Midway) College with five universities. In the college, university teachers provide targeted, classified education for correction subjects. Chaohu Community Correction Center, Anhui Province, has established mental health records for correction subjects, and provides consulting services.加大法律援助力度，公民獲得法律援助的權利進一步落實。加強法律援助基層服務網絡建設。全國共建成法律援助便民服務窗口3500餘個、法律援助工作站7萬餘個，基層基礎建設得到改善。推廣使用全國法律援助信息管理系統，簡化受理審查程序，公民獲得法律援助更加便捷。進一步擴大法律援助補充事項範圍，放寬適用法律援助的經濟困難標準，加大法律援助經費保障。2012年至2015年，中央財政撥付法律援助經費總額15.2億元。積極推動地方政府將法律援助經費納入財政預算。截至2015年，全國已有24個省（自治區、直轄市）建立省級法律援助專項資金，91.4%的地方將法律援助業務經費納入財政預算。2012年至2015年，全國共辦理法律援助案件470萬件，年均增長7.4%，受援群眾超過526萬，提供法律諮詢2587萬人次。Adjust font size: Increase legal aid to enable citizens to better enjoy the right to legal aid. A framework of grassroots legal aid has been put in place. More than 3,500 offices have been opened to provide convenient legal aid to the public, and more than 70,000 legal aid work stations have been set up, improving grassroots infrastructure. Judicial organs have worked to spread the national legal aid information management system, which helps to simplify the process of acceptance and review, and thus make it easier for citizens to receive legal aid. They have expanded the scope of supplementary items for legal aid, relaxed criteria for economic difficulty applying to legal aid, and increased fund guarantee for legal aid. From 2012 to 2015, the central government allocated 1.52 billion yuan to legal aid. The Central Authorities have urged local governments to include a legal aid fund in their budgets. As of 2015, 24 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) had established a provincial-level specialized fund for legal aid, and 91.4 percent of all local governments had covered the legal aid fund in their budgets. From 2012 to 2015, 4.7 million legal aid cases were handled around the country. This represents an average annual increase of 7.4 percent, benefiting more than 5.26 million people and providing legal advice to 25.87 million.跳轉至目錄 >>Back to Contents >>