賽爾凱克捲毛貓的品種發展及遺傳特徵
Development And Genetic Characteristics
Of The Selkirk Rex Cats
賽爾凱克捲毛貓是四大捲毛貓之一，也是最新的自然品種，自然產生的品種與人工培育出來的品種不同，它的出現沒有任何人為參與。
The Selkirk Rex is one of the four curly cats and is the latest in a long line of natural breeds. Naturally occurring cat breeds, unlike those that have been bred in captivity, appear without any human involvement.
賽爾凱克捲毛貓起源於一隻家貓，她叫「Miss DePesto of Noface」（簡稱Pest，以艾莉絲·比斯利（Allyce Beasley）主演的電視連續劇《月光》（Moonlighting）中一個捲髮的角色命名）出生於蒙大拿州謝裡登的動物收容所，它的母親是一隻普通的直毛家貓，和它同窩的共有6隻，它是其中唯一的一隻捲毛。後來被Jeri Newman收養，並且和她一起生活。
The Selkirk Rex is the most recently established curly-coated cat breed originating from a spontaneous mutation that was discovered in the United States in 1987.The Selkirk Rex originated from arescued cat named "Miss DePesto of Noface".( Pest for short, named after the character with curly-coated in the Allyce Beasley TV series Moonlighting) Pest was born at the Sheridan, Montana, animal shelter to an ordinary, straight- coated house cat, the only curly-coated one in a litter of six. Pest was adopted by Jeri Newman and lived with her.
Jeri是一位波斯貓品種繁育人，她對Pest的基因突變非常感興趣。於是，當Pest 成年後，Jeri 安排她與自己家名叫「PhotoFinish of Deekay」的黑色波斯公貓交配，生下了第一窩寶寶。包括一隻長毛，一隻短毛直毛，還有一隻黑色加白的短毛捲毛，被取名為「NoFace Oscar Kowalski」（簡稱Oscar）。Oscar也被認定為賽爾凱克捲毛貓血統的起點，並以他的造型為模版制定了賽爾凱克最早的品種標準。
Jeri, a Persian breed breeder, is very interested in the genetic mutation of Pest. So when Pest became an adult, Jeri arranged for her to mate with her family's black Persian male, PhotoFinish of Deekay, and gave birth to her first litter. This included a long hair, a short straight hair and a black and white curly-coated cat named "NoFace Oscar Kowalski" (Oscar for short).Oscar had also been credited as the starting point forTheSelkirk Rex lineage and used his shape as a template forTheSelkirk Rex 's earliest breed standards.
Pest的第三窩寶寶依然是和它的兒子Oscar所生，這窩寶寶中出現了三隻純合子捲毛和一隻直毛。
Pest's third litter of three homozygous curly-coated and one straight was also breedwith his son Oscar.
賽爾凱克捲毛貓品種的名字是由Jeri本人所取，以她繼父的名字「Selkirk」並添加了一個與所有捲曲品種相對應的詞「Rex」來給品種命名。賽爾凱克捲毛貓也是第一個用人名來命名的貓咪品種。
The Selkirk Rex was named by Jeri after her stepfather "Selkirk" and added a word "Rex" for all curly-coated breeds to name the breed. The Selkirk Rex was also the first cat breed to be sued name of a human.
TICA於1990年接受賽爾凱克捲毛貓參加新品種計劃，並於1994年2月成為正式品種。
CFA承認的稍晚一些，在1992年允許賽爾凱克捲毛貓在協會網站註冊，自1998年晉升為臨時認可品種，自2000年賽爾凱克捲毛貓作為正式品種被完全認可。
TICA 協會允許賽爾凱克捲毛貓和美國短毛貓、英國短毛貓、波斯貓組雜交，未限定截止時間。
CFA協會允許賽爾凱克捲毛貓和英國短毛貓、波斯貓、異國短毛貓、異國長毛貓雜交，截止時間為2025年1月1日。
WCF協會的雜交規則未對外公布。
UCA協會允許賽爾凱克捲毛貓和英國短毛貓、英國長毛貓進行雜交，為了避免出現返祖不允許和異短、異長和波斯貓雜交，未限定截止時間。
The breed was accepted by The International Cat Association (TICA) in 1992. The American Cat Fanciers Association(ACFA) in 1998, and the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in 2000.
American Short hairs, Persians, Exotic Longhairs, Exotic Short hairs, and British Short hairs have been used as interbreed to develop this breed. The American Shorthair has now been discontinued as interbreed, except in The International Cat Association (TICA).
The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) allowed the Selkirk Rex to cross with British short hairs, Persians, Exotic short hairs, and Exotic Longhairs. In the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA)， all interbreed are scheduled to be discontinued in 01-01-2025.
The Selkirk Rex interbreed rules of the World Cat Federation (WCF) were not published.
The Universal Cat Association (UCA) allowed the Selkirk Rex to cross with British short hairs, British longhairs. In order to avoid atavism, the Universal Cat Association ( UCA ) was not allowed the Selkirk Rex to cross with Persians, Exotic Longhairs, Exotic Short hairs.
在四大捲毛品種裡，德文捲毛貓和柯尼斯捲毛貓的捲毛基因是隱性的，拉波捲毛貓是顯性的，賽爾凱克捲毛貓的捲毛基因是唯一的半顯性的。
Of the four curly-coated cat breeds,the curly-coated genes are recessive in the Devon Rex and the Cornish Rex breeds, dominant in the Laperm breeds, and only semi-dominant in the Selkirk Rex y breeds.
塞爾凱克捲毛雜合子/塞爾凱克捲毛純合子
簡單一點來說，德文捲毛貓和柯尼斯捲毛貓因為攜帶的捲毛基因是隱性的，與直毛品種雜交後所得的雜交一代簡稱F1都是攜帶隱性捲毛基因的直毛後代。只有攜帶隱性捲毛基因的F1和本品種回配的雜交第二代F2才有一定概率出捲毛。隱性基因的遺傳，首要因素是父母雙方都攜帶，子女才有概率被遺傳到。因為等位基因的不同，德文捲毛貓和柯尼斯捲毛貓雜交所生的後代也都是直毛。而拉波捲毛貓因為捲毛基因是顯性遺傳，與直毛品種雜交後的F1是有概率出捲毛後代的。賽爾凱克捲毛貓的捲毛基因是半顯性的，也同樣在F1會出現捲毛後代。
To put it simply, the Devon Rex and the Cornish Rex carry the recessive curly-coated genes,and the hybrid generation F1 generated by the cross with the straight curly breed is the straight hairy offspring carrying the recessive the curly-coated genes.Use F1, which carries the recessive curly, to cross with Either the Devon Rex or the Cornish Rex, and the offspring F2 are likely to be curly. Because of alleles, the offspring of a cross between a Devon Rex and a Cornish Rex are straight. Since the curly-coated gene is dominant, the F1 of the Laperm cat is likely to produce the curly-coated offspring after cross with the straight hair breed. The same with The Selkirk Rex.
假設直毛基因用N來表示，賽爾凱克捲毛貓的捲毛基因用SR來表示。
Suppose the straight-coated gene is denoted by N and the curly-coated gene of The Selkirk Rex is denoted by SR.
直毛=N/N，雜合子=N/SR，純合子=SR/SR
Straight-coated =N/N, heterozygous =N/SR, homozygous =SR/SR.
1.N/N+N/SR=N/SR&N/N
（直毛和雜合子繁育的後代為雜合子或者直毛）
(The offspring of straight-coated and heterozygotes are heterozygotes or straight-coated）
2.N/N+SR/SR=N/SR
（直毛和純合子繁育的後代為雜合子）
( The offspring of straight-coated and homozygous are heterozygous .)
3. N/SR+ N/SR= N/SR&SR/SR
（雜合子和雜合子繁育的後代為雜合子或者純合子）
（Heterozygous and heterozygous offspring are heterozygous or homozygous）
4.SR/SR+SR/SR=SR/SR
（純合子和純合子繁育的後代為純合子）
（Homozygous and homozygous offspring are homozygous）
純合子出生的時候通常是毛特別稀少，在3個月以後慢慢長出捲曲的被毛。純合子耳朵大，五官集中，毛更捲曲，體型偏長，更接近Pest的造型。而雜合子出生就有捲曲的被毛，相比純合子耳朵更小，五官開闊，毛捲曲度略弱於純合子，體型比純合子強壯和緊湊，接近於Oscar的造型，也是更為適合賽場的。
目前還沒有已知的賽爾凱克捲毛貓的健康問題，它們是非常健壯和健康的品種。
here are no known health problems with the Selkirk Rex cats and they are a very robust and healthy breed.
像其他捲毛品種一樣，捲毛會刺激耳朵內部，增加耳垢的產生，修剪耳朵內的耳毛會減少耳垢的產生。耳道內的馬拉色菌在捲毛品種裡也很常見。部分捲毛品種對於高蛋白的食物不容易吸收，所以捲毛品種不建議選擇蛋白質含量很高的貓糧。賽爾凱克捲毛貓的純合子更容易出油，需要增加洗澡頻率。
Like other curly-coated breeds, curling irritates the inside of the ear and increases wax production, while trimming the hair inside the ear reduces wax production. Malassezia in the ear canal is also common in curly-coated breeds. Some of curly-coated breeds are not easy to digestion high-protein foods, so it is not recommended to choose a cat food with high protein formula. The homozygous Selkirk Rex cats are oil production and need to be grooming more frequently.
其他的健康問題可能是遺傳自雜交品種，包括多囊腎病和肥厚型心肌病。負責任的繁育人會篩選種貓基因，以儘量減少它們對品種的影響。在英國，GCCF協會要求賽爾凱克捲毛貓的種貓都要做多囊腎病基因檢測。Other health problems may be inherited from hybrids, including polycystic kidney disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Responsible breeders screen cat genes to minimize their impact on the breed. In the UK, the GCCF society requires all breeds of Selkek curly cats to be tested for polycystic kidney disease.
2010至2012年，包括Emilycat貓舍、Nuomi貓舍、Clover- Meow貓舍等率先引進了賽爾凱克捲毛貓，成為中國本土第一批繁育賽爾凱克捲毛貓的貓舍，其繁育貓只活躍在各大貓賽的賽場。2015年以後，更多的中國繁育人加入其中，使得賽爾凱克捲毛貓成為活躍在中國賽場的捲毛品種之一。2017年，Emilycat貓舍、Nuomi貓舍、Clover- Meow貓舍三家貓舍合作引進了拉波捲毛貓，至此四大捲毛品種齊聚中國貓賽賽場。
From 2010 to 2012, Emilycat cattery, Nuomi cattery, and Clover- Meow Cat cattery, took the lead in introducing the Selkirk Rex cats, and became the first batch of the Selkirk Rex cats breeders in China, whose breeding cats were active in various cat shows. Since 2015, more Chinese breeders have joined in, making the Selkirk Rex one of curly-coated cat breeds active in Chinese cat shows. In 2017, Three cattery, Emilycat cattery, Nuomi cattery and Clover- Meow cattery, jointly introduced Laperm cats, so that the four curly-coated breeds gathered in the Chinese cat shows.
參考文獻 References:
1. Filler Serina;Alhaddad Hasan;Gandolfi Barbara;Kurushima Jennifer D;Cortes Alejandro;Veit Christine;Lyons Leslie A;Brem Gottfried.Selkirk Rex: morphological and genetic characterization of a new cat breed.[J].The Journal of heredity,2012,103(5):727-33.
2. Barbara Gandolfi;Hasan Alhaddad;Shannon E. K. Joslin;Razib Khan;Serina Filler;Gottfried Brem;Leslie A. Lyons.A splice variant in KRT71 is associated with curly coat phenotype of Selkirk Rex cats[J].Scientific Reports,2013,3(1):55-61.
3. TICA. 2010. TICA Selkirk Rex Introduction. [cited 2012 March 14]. Available from: http://www.tica.org/public/breeds/sr/intro.php.
4.CFA. 2011. Cat Fanciers' Association Registration Statistics 2010. [cited 2012 March 14]. Available from: http://secure.cfa.org/cfaAlmanac/Arch-SS/ RS/2010_RegistrationStatistics.pdf.
5. GCCF. 2011. Recognised breeds and registration policies. [cited 2011 Dec 27]. Available from: http://www.gccfcats.org/breeds.html.
6.UCA.2016.UCA Selkirk Rex Introduction. Available from: http://www.ucacat.org/breeds.html.