西 洋 樂 器——A western instrument
【Violin 小提琴】A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics.用弓演奏的一種弦樂器，具有在第五音的音程上調音的四根弦和不分格指板，形體較古提琴淺，音域、音色和強弱相當靈活。
【Viola 中提琴】A stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone.提琴家族中的一種弦樂器，稍大於小提琴，調音比小提琴低五度，聲音更為深沉、洪亮。
【Cello 大提琴】A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass.一種提琴類四弦樂器，音調比中提琴低但比低音提琴高。
【Double bass 低音提琴或大貝司】The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C.尤用於撥奏的現代管弦樂隊的最大弓弦樂器，也常用於爵士樂合奏。低音提琴通常被算作提琴類，定弦為第四級音，頸部傾斜和背平是低音提琴的特點。它有始於中音以下三個八度音階的深度範圍。
【harp 豎琴】An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers.一種有一個通常系有四十六根長短不一的琴弦的直立的開放三角架、彈奏時用手指撥動琴弦的樂器。
【guitar 吉他】An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound box similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking.一種具有大而平的音箱的樂器，形狀與小提琴相似，琴頸長，通常有六根弦，為彈撥樂器。
【mandolin 曼陀林】An instrument with a usually pear-shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched.常是梨形琴身，在有格紋的琴頸上裝有幾組供挑撥的琴弦。
【lute 魯特琴（中文的琵琶也譯做lute)】A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs.一種縱向削制的形狀如梨的撥弦樂器，琴頸上有定音檔的指板，通常彎曲於調音單軸之下。
【Bass 貝司】爵士常用樂器，它在爵士樂隊中主要擔任低音聲部，有時也作即興獨奏。傳統爵士樂一般都採用原聲貝司（即低音提琴）來體現它的原始風味。而在現代爵士樂（特別是融合爵士）中經常運用電貝司或電子合成器中的合成貝司音色來增加它的現代感。"行進貝司"（Walking Bass）是爵士樂中最有特色的一種演奏方式，即在穩定的節奏基礎上作和弦分解進行。它是根據弦貝斯（低音提琴）的定弦，和吉他的結構原理所製造出來的。也就是說，它是按照低音提琴所定弦的一把低音吉他。
（1）唇鳴類：長笛（Flute）、短笛（Piccolo）；
【flute 長笛】Also called: transverse flute. A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.由一根一端封閉的纖細管子組成的高音木管樂器，側邊有按鍵和指孔，靠近封閉端有一個使氣流進入的開口。
【piccolo 短笛】A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute.一種音調比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子。
（2）簧鳴類：單簧管（Clarinet）、雙簧管（Oboe）、英國管（English Horn）、大管（Bassoon）、 薩克斯管（Saxophone）。
【clarinet 單簧管】A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys.單簧管，黑管一種管樂器，有直的圓筒形管身和一個外敞的管口及一個單簧吹口，以指孔和鍵的方式演奏。
【oboe 雙簧管】A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating, poignant sound.帶有一個圓錐形孔和雙簧管吹口的細小的木管樂器，具有三個八度音域和穿透力強而尖利的聲音。
【English horn 英國管】A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth.一種雙簧的木製管樂器，類似於雙簧管，但音高比雙簧管低五度。
【bassoon或fogotto 大管】A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe.巴松管，低音管一種低調的有雙簧的木管樂器，有長的木質管身並與通向吹口的側面管身相連，這種樂器的音域範圍比雙簧管明顯的低兩個八音度。
【double bassoon 低音大管】The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon.雙簧管系管樂器中音高最低的也是最大的樂器，比低音管的音高低一個八度。
【Saxophone
（1）銅管樂器：小號（Trumpet）、短號（Cornet）、長號（Trombone）、圓號（French Horn）、 大號（Tuba）。
【trumpet 小號】A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch.一種高音銅管樂器，由一根從前為環狀的金屬管和呈喇叭口得末端構成，現代小號上裝有三個活瓣以製造不同的音高。
【cornet 短號】A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons.
號類的一種管樂器，有三個用活塞控制的栓塞。
【trombone 長號】A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches.一種銅管樂器，由彎曲兩次的長圓筒形金屬管構成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一個可滑動的U形拉管，可發出不同音高的音。
【horn或French horn 圓號或法國圓號】A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell.一種有活瓣的銅管樂器，從漩渦形且端部有喇叭口的又長又細的管子裡發出圓潤的樂音。
【tuba 大號】A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch.大型帶活塞的低音銅管樂器。
鍵盤樂器：鋼琴（Piano）、管風琴（Organ）、手風琴（Piano Accordion）、 電子琴（Electronic Keyboard）。
【piano 鋼琴】An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals.一種樂器，用手操作鍵盤驅動打擊鋼絲線產生聲音，可以通過踏瓣的方式調輕聲音或使之持續不斷。
【organ 風琴】An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes.一種由一定數量的靠輸送氣流發聲的管子和一個操縱機械裝置以使氣流通過管子的鍵盤構成的樂器。
【harpsichord 羽管鍵琴】A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra.一種臥式豎琴型或梯形的鍵盤樂器，類似三角鋼琴，但通常有兩層鍵盤（部分為一層，及其個別亦有三層）和兩套或更多的弦（每套發出不同音質的音），通過羽管或皮製撥子（撥子連接一頂重器，一般為一根直立的木桿）撥弦，賴琴鍵內端推動發聲。
樂器的敲擊、摩擦、搖晃來發出聲音。可不要認為打擊樂器僅能起加強樂曲力度、提示音樂節奏的作用，事實上，有相當多的打擊樂器能作為旋律樂器使用呢！現代管弦樂隊裡增加了很多非洲、亞洲音樂裡的音色奇異的打擊樂器，幾乎無法完全羅列。
（1）有調打擊樂器：定音鼓（Timpani）、木琴（Xylophone）、鋼片琴（Celesta）、管鍾（TUBULAR BELLS）等；
【kettle drums或timpani 定音鼓】定音鼓善擊滾音、頓音和諸種節奏音型。常多用海綿或絨質的軟槌擊奏,其音色雄厚、圓潤,稍有餘音;也有用皮子包頭的硬槌擊奏,其音質脆硬,毫無餘音;更罕有的是用木製的鼓槌,其音色千周分裂,實例如美籍俄人作曲家斯特。
【xylophone 木琴】A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets.一種打擊樂器，由逐級加長的一排排鑲嵌的木棒組成，並發出半音音階，用兩個小木槌敲擊。
【glockenspiel 鐘琴】A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers.按半音階調準的分級金屬棒構成的打擊樂器，用兩個輕槌擊奏。
（2）無調打擊樂器：小鼓（Snare Drum）、大鼓（Bass Drum）、三角鐵（Triangle）、鈴鼓（Tambourine）、 響板（Castanets）、砂槌（Maracas）、鈸（Cymbals）、鑼（Gong）。
【side drum 小鼓】我們常用Side Drum(邊鼓)作為小鼓的另一名稱是因為早期小鼓原是用於行軍。而背鼓的方式就是將小鼓背於身體的側邊，故稱之為Side Drum。就小鼓的尺寸而言，通常鼓面的直徑約14inch而深度為6inch。鼓殼為金屬材質或木頭材質。小鼓的正面稱為敲擊面，反面稱為響弦面。鼓皮架在鼓框而用螺栓穿過小鼓側邊如把手的東西(Lug)固定住。
【bass drum 大鼓】A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant sound.一種大鼓，有個圓筒形鼓身和兩個面，並能發出低沉的、共鳴的聲音。
【tambourine 鈴鼓】An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other.小手鼓，一種由邊緣嵌有能叮噹作響的小金屬片的小鼓面構成的一種樂器，演奏時人們一隻手搖它而另一隻手敲它。
經常打開秦川樂器微信訂閱號，驚喜就在不經意間！