我是教英語的木子老師,今天要學習的是被動語態,接下來會持續更新英語系列語法知識和做題小技巧,喜歡我可以關注我,謝謝你們。
一. 被動語態的定義
英語中有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。
1. 主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。
Many people speak English.
2. 被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者,即行為動作的對象。
English is spoken by many people.
二. 被動語態的構成
1. 被動語態由「be+及物動詞的過去分詞」構成。
2. 人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。
以eat為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。
一般現在時:am/is/are+done
一般過去時:was/were+done
一般將來時:will/shall/be going to be+done
過去將來時:would/should/be going to be+done
現在進行時:am/is/are being+done
過去進行時:was/were being+done
現在完成時:have/has been+done
過去完成時:had been+done
三.被動語態的用法
1. 不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。
This book was published in 1981. 這本書出版於1981年。
2. 強調動作的承受者,而不強調動作的執行者。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。
四.主動語態變被動語態的方法
1.把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
2.把謂語變成被動結構(be+過去分詞)
3.把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之後作賓語,將主格改為賓格。
***All the people laughed at him.
—He was laughed at by all people.
****They make the bikes in the factory.
—The bikes are made by them in the factory.
五. 含有情態動詞的被動語態
由「情態動詞+be+過去分詞」構成。
****We can repair this watch in two days.
—This watch can be repaired in two days.
****We must finish this work soon.
—This work must be done soon.
六.主動語態變被動語態需要注意的問題
1. 時態保持一致。
****I have repaired my computer.
—My computer has been repaired.
2.謂語為動詞短語的被動語態不能丟掉動詞短語的介詞或副詞。
^^^His best friend often looks after him.
—He is often looked after by his best friend.
3. 主動語態中若有雙賓語,將其中一個賓語變為被動句的主語,另一個賓語不變。
動詞make/buy/get用for;動詞give/send/lend/take用to)
***Vivian gave me a book.
—I was given a book by Vivian.
—A book was given to me by Vivian.
4. 當「動詞+賓語+賓語補足語」結構變為被動語態時,將賓語變為被動結構中的主語,其餘不動。
****Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
5. 主動語態句中動詞make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等變成被動語態時,後面的不定式需要加上to.
****Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.
--He was made to wash the dishes.
6. It is said that+從句及其他類似句型
一些表示「據說」或「相信」的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用於句型「It+be+過去分詞+that從句」或「主語+be+過去分詞+to do sth.」。
It is said that… 據說
It is reported that…據報導
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that…眾所周知
It is thought that…大家認為
It is suggested that…據建議
****It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
=The boy is said to have passed the national exam
其他語法知識:
乾貨:必學英語語法之定語從句
圍觀:英語語法定語從句的更多考點
必學語法:同位語從句,怎麼區分它和定語從句,你了解多少?
英語中三大從句之狀語從句,你了解多少?
圍觀:狀語從句之地點,原因,結果狀語從句
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