英語語法專題62:過去完成時和過去完成進行時怎麼使用?值得學習!
本專題我們學習「過去完成時和過去完成進行時的結構和用法」,思維導圖如下:
詳細內容如下:
01一、過去完成時的構成
Had+過去分詞
02二、過去完成時的用法
過去完成時主要用來指過去某一特定時間以前就完成的行為。
(一)描述過去某一時間或某一動作之前已完成的動作
表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已完成的動作,即「過去的過去」。這個過去的時刻常用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示,也可以用一個表示過去的動作或上下文來表示。
例句1:By the end of yesterday,we had receivedover 1000 letters from all over the world.
到昨天為止,我們已經收到了來自世界各地的1000多封信。
例句2:I had just finished half of the work by yesterday.
到昨天為止我剛完成了一半任務。
例句3:She found that she had lefther luggage on the bus.
她發現自己的行李丟在了公共汽車上。
例句4:Jane had leftbefore I arrived.
我到之前簡就走了。
注意!
常與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有:
Be the end of last week到上周末為止
Since he left自他離開以來
By that time到那時為止
Before that year那年之前
Before I arrived在我到達之前
When I arrived在我到達時
(二)用來表示未曾實現的願望或打算
動詞hope,wish,plan,want,mean,intend,attempt,think,expect等表示「打算、計劃、希望、認為」等的動詞用於過去完成時表示「本打算(本計劃、本希望、本認為)做而做」。
例句1:Ihad hoped to be back last night,but I didn't catch the train.
我本來希望昨晚回來的,但沒趕上火車。
例句2:The boy had meantto come in but the teacher refused him.
男孩本想進來,可老師拒絕他進入。
例句3:I had intended to come to the party,but I was busy.
我本打算去參加宴會的,可太忙了。
在hardly/scarcely...when...,no sooner... than...等特殊句式中,主句常用過去完成時,表示「一......就......」。當否定副詞hardly,scarcely,no sooner等放於句首時,主句常用部分倒裝。
例句1:I had hardly answeredthe teacher when he interrupted me.
我還沒來得及回答老師的問題,他就打斷了我的話。(=Hardly hadI answered the teacher when...)
例句2:Rosahad scarcely heard the news when she burst into tears.
羅莎一聽到消息就大哭起來。(=Scarcely hadRosa heard the news when...)
例句3:I had no sooner seenhim than I asked him about the matter.
我一見到他,就問起那件事情。(=No sooner had I seen him than I...)
(三)使用過去完成時的一些常見情況
1)用在賓語從句中(特別是在間接引語中)
例句1:He said that he had beenin China for over ten years.
他說他在中國已經有十多年了。
例句2:She learned that scientists had madea breakthrough in the treatment of that disease.
她了解到科學家在治療那種疾病方面有了突破。
例句3:I was afraid I had of fendedher.
我擔心自己得罪了她。
2)用在狀語從句中
例句1:I found the letter long after he had gone away.
他走後好久我才找到那封信。
例句2:When she had sungher song she sat down.
她唱完歌后坐了下來。
例句3:He refused to go till he had searchedall the rooms.
他把所有房間搜查了一遍後才離開。
例句4:As soon as he had doneit,he knew it was a mistake.
他剛一著手做就知道做錯了。
3)用在定語從句中
例句1:She showed me the pictures she had painted.
她把她的畫拿給我看。
例句2:The old oak tree,which had stood in the yard for a hundred years,suddenly crashed to the ground.
這棵老橡樹在院子裡已挺立了一百年,有天突然倒了下來。
03三、過去完成進行時的構成
Had been+現在分詞
04四、過去完成進行時的用法
過去完成進行時的用法與現在完成進行時的用法基本相同,只是時間參考點不同。過去完成進行時以「過去的過去」為時間參考點,而現在完成進行時以「過去」為時間參考點。過去完成進行時指從「過去的過去」某一個時間點開始的動作或狀態,一直延續到過去,動作或狀態是否繼續,需要根據上下文確定。
例句1:I didn't know you had been waitingfor me.
我當時不知道你一直在等我。
例句2:I was tired.I had been workingsince dawn.
我當時很累,從天亮我就開始工作。
例句3:Until now the rumors that had been circulatingwere exaggerated versions of the truth.
到目前為止,流傳的謠言都是將真相誇大了的版本。
例句4:It had been snowingall night. The ground was covered with thick snow.
下了一整夜的雪,地面被厚厚的雪覆蓋。
過去完成時強調動作完成,而過去完成時表示動作有可能繼續進行。
例句對比:I hadalready cleaned the kitchen.
我當時已經打掃完廚房了。
I had been cleaningthe kitchen.
我當時一直在打掃廚房。
以上就是「過去完成時和過去完成進行時的結構和用法」,英語學習貴在堅持!
後面有更多英語專題內容分享給大家,感興趣的朋友可以點擊「關注」。
歡迎各位留言討論,或者收藏,或者轉發給身邊的親朋好友,大家一起學習、共同進步。
學好英語並不難,聽說讀寫重複練!堅持就會有提高,加油!