奧斯卡獎又出新規了！這一次，美國電影藝術與科學學院直擊痛點，針對一直以來缺乏多樣性的候選影片設置了「包容性標準」門檻。「白」了多年的奧斯卡獎可能真的要變了。
An Oscar statue stands covered with plastic during preparations leading up to the 87th Academy Awards in Hollywood, California February 21, 2015. REUTERS/Lucas Jackson
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences will now require films submitted to the Best Picture category to adhere to inclusion and diversity standards, in an ongoing effort to rectify the current glaring diversity issues present in the Academy. These changes are a part of the Academy Aperture 2025 initiative, but will not affect this year’s Oscars.
為了整頓奧斯卡獎當前明顯存在的多樣性問題，美國電影藝術與科學學院（以下簡稱影藝學院）如今將要求角逐最佳影片獎的電影堅持包容性和多樣性標準。這些改變是影藝學院片門2025計劃的一部分，但不會影響今年的奧斯卡獎評選。
aperture [prtr]: n.（照相機，望遠鏡等的）光圈，孔徑。Academy Aperture是由美國影藝學院推行的一種電影片門規格。
For a film to be considered for Best Picture for the 94th and 95th Oscars, it must submit an Academy Inclusion Standards form, which will note standards and representation in the film’s on-screen representation, storyline, crew, creative leadership, and industry opportunities. While films must submit these forms in 2022 and 2023, meeting the diversity standards will not be required for eligibility until the 2024 Oscars.
如果一部電影要獲得第94屆和95屆奧斯卡最佳影片獎評選資格，就必須提交一張學院包容性標準表格，寫明該片呈現在屏幕上的畫面、故事情節、劇組人員、創意領導和行業機會所體現的包容性標準。雖然參選電影在2022年和2023年都必須提交這一表格，但是到2024年才會要求參選奧斯卡獎的電影符合多樣性標準。
"The aperture must widen to reflect our diverse global population in both the creation of motion pictures and in the audiences who connect with them. The Academy is committed to playing a vital role in helping make this a reality,」 Academy President David Rubin and Academy CEO Dawn Hudson said in a statement about the new standards. 「We believe these inclusion standards will be a catalyst for long-lasting, essential change in our industry.」
影藝學院主席大衛·魯賓和學院執行長道恩·哈德森在關於新標準的一份聲明中說：「我們必須放寬片門規格來反映我們多樣化的全球人口，無論是電影創作，還是與電影產生聯繫的觀眾。影藝學院致力於在實現電影多樣性的過程中扮演重要角色。我們相信這些包容性標準將會成為一個催化劑，引發電影行業長久的本質改變。」
To win Best Picture in 2024, a film must meet two out of four overarching standards for equality. Under on-screen representation, at least one actor or supporting actor must be from an underrepresented racial group, or at least 30% of minor roles must be from two underrepresented groups, or the main storyline must be centered on an underrepresented group. For the creative leadership, either two creative leadership positions and department heads must be from underrepresented groups or six other technical production assistants must be diverse members.
如果想在2024年贏得奧斯卡最佳影片獎，一部電影必須滿足四條首要平等標準中的兩條。電影畫面中至少有一名主角或配角必須來自代表性不足的種族，或至少30%的小角色必須來自兩個代表性不足的群體，或主要故事情節必須圍繞一個代表性不足的群體展開。關於創意領導，要麼兩個創意領導和部門領導必須來自代表性不足的群體，要麼其餘的6個技術製作助理來自代表性不足的群體。
Film distribution companies must also offer paid apprenticeship and internship roles and skill development for crew, while audience development must include diverse representation throughout marketing, distribution, and publicity.
電影發行公司還必須提供帶薪學徒和實習生職位以及為劇組人員提供培訓機會，而在觀眾拓展方面必須包括營銷、發行和宣傳等渠道的多樣化呈現形式。
The new diversity standards will not affect the 2021 Oscars, although the novel coronavirus outbreak has pushed the event back until April 2021. The changes come after several contentious years for diversity at the Academy Awards. While South Korean fan-favorite Parasite made history in 2020 by becoming the first non-English film to take home the golden statue for Best Picture, the Academy faced backlash for their lack of diverse nominees in the lead and supporting actors categories.
新的多樣性標準不會影響2021年奧斯卡獎，儘管由於暴發新冠疫情明年的奧斯卡頒獎禮已經推遲到了2021年4月。在新規出臺前，奧斯卡獎幾年來一直因為多樣性問題而飽受爭議。雖然深受影迷喜愛的韓國電影《寄生蟲》在2020年作為首部斬獲奧斯卡最佳影片獎的非英語電影載入史冊，但是影藝學院仍因最佳主角和配角獎項候選者缺乏多樣性而受到強烈抵制。
However, diverse voters can only work with the films that are nominated. After several years of #OscarsSoWhite highlighting overlooked films and actors, the Academy launched the Academy Aperture 2025 initiative, which aims to create a more inclusive film community by 2025. In June, the Academy invited 819 new members to their voting body, surpassing their internal goal to double their female and diverse members by 2020. As such, the new rules combat the lack of diverse nominees directly, making swift and decisive changes to the very structure that has kept diverse films down so long.
然而，多樣化的評委只能從提名影片中挑選獲獎者。在#奧斯卡太白這個為被忽略的影片和演員發聲的標籤持續數年後，影藝學院發起了影藝學院片門2025計劃，目標是在2025年前打造一個更為包容的電影界。六月份，影藝學院邀請819名新成員加入評委團，超額完成了他們在2020年前將女性和少數群體成員數量加倍的內部計劃。同樣，新規定直擊缺少多元化候選影片的現狀，快速而果決地改變了長期以來讓候選電影缺乏多樣性的結構。
While the 2021 nominees have yet to be announced, it is the hope of many that these prolific and systematic rule changes from the Academy will mark a more diverse Oscars than ever before.
雖然2021年的奧斯卡獎提名名單還未公布，但是許多人希望影藝學院的這些繁多而系統的規則變動會帶來一個前所未有的多元化的奧斯卡獎。
英文來源：福布斯網站
翻譯&編輯：丹妮
來源：中國日報網