Should have + past participle (1)
UK /ˈʃʊd.əv/ US /ˈʃʊd.əv/
or even
UK /ˈʃʊd.ə/ US /ˈʃʊd.ə/
Should have + past participle can mean something that would have been a good idea, but that you didn't do it. It's like giving advice about the past when you say it to someone else, or regretting what you did or didn't do when you're talking about yourself.
「should have + 過去分詞」表達某件事是你應該去做的，但卻沒做；或某件事對你來說是個好主意，但你沒去做。
I should have studied harder! (regret 後悔)
(= I didn't study very hard and so I failed the exam. I'm sorry about this now.)
哎，我早就應該用功點！
I should have gone to bed early. (regret 後悔)
(= I didn't go to bed early and now I'm tired.)
哎，我應該早點上床睡覺的。
You should have called me when you arrived. (criticize 指責)
(= you didn't call me and I was worried. I wish that you had called me.)
你到了就應該打電話給我呀！
Shouldn't have + past participle
UK /ˈʃʊd.ənəv/ US /ˈʃʊd.ənəv/
or even
UK /ˈʃʊd.ənə/ US /ˈʃʊd.ənə/
Shouldn't have + past participle means that something wasn't a good idea, but you did it anyway.
「shouldn't have + 過去分詞」表達某件事並不是個好主意，可是你卻做了。
I shouldn't have eaten so much cake! (regret 後悔)
(= I did eat a lot of cake and now I don't feel good.)
我真的不應該吃那麼多蛋糕。
You shouldn't have drunk so much at his wedding. (criticize 指責)
(= You drank too much alcohol at his wedding and embarrassed the newly-wed couple and yourself.)
你在人家的婚禮上就不要喝那麼多呀！
Should have + past participle (2)
UK /ˈʃʊd.əv/ US /ˈʃʊd.əv/
or even
UK /ˈʃʊd.ə/ US /ˈʃʊd.ə/
We can also use should have + past participle to talk about something that, if everything is normal and okay, we think has already happened. But we're not certain that everything is fine, so we use 'should have' and not the present perfect or past simple. It's often used with 'by now'.
「should have + 過去分詞 + (by now)」should have... by now，表達如果一切正常順利，某件事應該已經發生。
His plane should have arrived by now. (expecting something to happen)
(= if everything is fine, the plane has arrived.)
他的飛機應該已經到了。
John should have finished work by now. (expecting something to happen)
(= if everything is normal, John has finished work.)
估計 John 應該已經下班了。
Lucy should have arrived by now, but she hasn't. (expecting something to happen)
(= if everything is fine, Lucy should be here now, but you don't know why she hasn't come yet.)
按道理 Lucy 應該已經到了呀，可是還沒看到她。
更多實體例句（請留意母語者的 「實際發音」）
should have
In short, we』ll do what we should have done from the very beginning.
簡單來說，我們（當選後）會把當初該做的都做。(criticize 指責)
-Joe Baiden
-美國總統候選人 喬·拜登
shouldn't have
Oh, come on, Harold, it’s been a long day! Okay, bad idea. Shouldn’t have yelled at the ghost. Everybody, run!
拜託啦！Harold！我今天已經很忙了！ 好吧，還是算了吧，不應該用這種語氣跟鬼魂說話的，有點不太好(regret 後悔)。大家快跑呀！
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特別鳴謝：Deborah Kent 遊木槿 老師 為本次分享提供專業發音意見和語音現象分析。