中考衝刺-中考英語考點之提示詞填空
此類短文填空題一般會給出漢語意思或英文單詞。做此類短文填空題時，要準確理解語意，根據文中同樣結構或類似結構確定應填詞的詞性和詞形。不可簡單地都填原形詞。若空格內填的是名詞，要考慮其單複數形式；若填的是形容詞或副詞，則要考慮其是否屬於比較等級；如若填的是動詞，則要特別注意考慮其時態和語態。如在句首，還要考慮其首字母的大寫。
A[What is the greatest thing in the world? It is a smile. A smile can start a 1 (友誼) and make us feel warm and joyful.
Last year when I 2 (進入) a new school as a middle school student, I had no frie
nds and felt 3 (孤獨的).
One day, when running in the playground, I was tripped by a stone and fell onto the ground. I tried to stand up but couldn’t because my knee 4 (受傷) badly. I felt so bad but then a hand came into my sight. As I looked up, I saw a big smile. It was from my new classmate Leo. I grabbed the hand without thinking 5 (兩次) and stood up. From then on, Leo and I became good friends.[來源:學。科。網]
6 (然而), even best friends argue sometimes. Leo and I are no exception. Last week after arguing, I went home. That night after calming down I 7 (後悔) my bad temper. But I was embarrassed to talk to Leo. After sending an emoji of a smile to Leo’s mobile phone, I waited and was 8 (擔憂的) Leo would never talk to me again. Then I heard the ring of a video chat and when I accepted the chat, I saw a face with a big smile on the screen. I was really 9 (感動的).
You can see how great the power of a smile is. Try to give other people a smile every time and you will 10 (改善) the world!
B
People in the small town feel 1 (worry). The town 2 (use) to be very quiet. However, these days, something unusual is 3 (happen) in our town. Victor, a teacher, is really nervous. When he 4 (interview) by the town newspaper, he said that he 5 (hear) strange noises outside the window. His wife thought that it 6 (can) be an animal. But Victor and his friends thought it must be teenagers 7 (have) fun. One woman in the area saw something 8 (run) away, but it was dark, so she was not sure. Everyone in the small town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas. There must be something 9 (visit) the homes in the neighborhood. What is it? People have no idea. Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away. But the noise-maker is having too much fun 10 (create) fear in the neighborhood.
C
Mr. Jenkins has several big shops in the city. He’s very rich but he does his best 1 (pay) the persons who work in his shops less. And they all hate him.
Several months ago a young woman borrowed thirty thousand dollars from him. But she couldn’t return the money to him in time. He went to her and made her 2 (give) her ring to him which cost more than fifty thousand dollars. He put it into his wallet and went home happily. But when he got to the bus stop, the bus 3 (leave). He hurried to get on and left his wallet outside. He didn’t find it until he got home. He hurried 4 (make) promise, ＂If someone finds my wallet and returns it to me, I 5 (give) half the money to him.＂
An old woman who 6 (wait) for another bus that day found the wallet. She sent it back to Mr Jenkins. But he changed his mind.
＂There are two rings in my wallet,＂ said Mr. Jenkins, I won’t give half of the money in my wallet to you until you return the other ring to me.＂
＂I 7 (see) only a ring in the wallet,＂ the old woman said and took the man to a judge and told him what 8 (happen) to them. The judge said to Mr. Jenkins, ＂I’m sure you have lost a wallet in which there are two rings and some money. But there is only one ring in this wallet. I 9 (not think) it’s yours. Wait for some days. Perhaps someone will be able to return your wallet to you.＂
Then the judge turned to the old woman and said, ＂Take the wallet home. If the loser doesn’t go to get it back in three days, it 10 (belong) to you.＂[來源:Zxxk.Com]
A
（2018 山東威海中考）用括號裡所給動詞的適當形式填空。請將答案填寫在答題卡指定位置。
Drawing might help you think
When you’re sitting in class, have you ever drawn pictures in the margins of your notebooks?
If so, your teacher might have told you _____34_____(stop). Many people think of doodling(塗鴉) as a distraction(精神渙散) from more important things. But it might be just the opposite.
One study shows that doodling may help you remember things you hear. In 2009 researchers asked two groups of people to listen to a phone message. One group _____35_____ (encourage) to doodle, but the other was not. Neither group knew that it would be asked to remember information from the message. But the group that doodled remembered 29 percent more.
Other people _____36_____ (suggest) other uses for drawing. Jesse Prinz, a professor who studies doodling, says it can help you think creatively. Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it. When you come back, you _____37_____ (have) a fresh perspective and figure out an answer more quickly.
Two years ago, an author named Sunni Brown _____38_____ (write) a book on doodling. She argues that doodling is a tool that can help people think. She admits that people see doodling as doing nothing, but she wants to change that. In fact, she runs a business that helps companies improve organization and planning through doodling. Brown _____39_____ (believe) doodling is helpful because it incorporates(整合) many ways of learning. You lean in four ways: seeing, hearing, reading or writing, and through movement. The more ways you use, the better you learn.
And when you doodle while you _____40_____ (listen) to a lecture, you use all four. You might think that being good at _____41_____ (draw) is important for doodling. But if the point of doodling is to help you think, then it doesn’t matter what the picture looks like. Even if you’re not an artist, doodling can help you. So next time you need help focusing, pick up a pen and doodle away!
B
（2017﹒山東威海）My best friend has two first names. One is Heather, and the other is Na-ri. I 1. (never see) her use the name Na-ri. But today, for the first time, she is writing a letter with this name.
She 2. (born) in South Korea and adopted by American parents when she was two years old. One day, she told me about her childhood. When she went out to dinner, some South Korean strangers tried to talk to her in Korean She didn’t understand what they 3. (say), so she just looked at them. She said that she still remembered how they looked at her. Their eyes seemed to say, ＂Poor girl! You are an abandoned child.＂ From that day, Heather tried to keep saying to herself that she was American.
Two days ago, she received a letter from South Korea. The letter 4. (send) to Na-ri. She was so surprised that she couldn’t open the letter. So I did it for her. The letter was written in Korean. I said, ＂Heather, you should ask someone 5. (read) this for you. It was written in Korean.＂ But she was silent.
Yesterday, on the way home, I saw her 6. (cry) on a bench near my house. ＂What is it, honey?＂ I said. She told me that her birth mother had blood cancer, and the only cure for her illness might be Heather’s blood. I asked how she knew this. Heather said she had learned Korean secretly. Crying hard, Heather only repeated, ＂What should I do? What should I do?＂ I really had no answer.
This morning, Heather called me. ＂ 7. you (be) with me when I write a letter to South Korea?＂ I gladly went over to her house. Heather didn’t seem to have slept at all. I hugged her and told her everything would be Okay. Now I 8 (sit) in front of Heather, watching her write a letter. She hasn’t told me what she is writing, but I can guess. Heather is writing, ＂Na-ri is coming, mother.＂
C
（2017﹒山東聊城）Dream House in California is not a house for only one or two children. It’s a house for many ___1___（kid）. It’s a family. It’s the future.
Imagine___2___（live） in a hospital for many years because of illness. Imagine that one stays in a cold street___3___（連詞） there is no other place to stay. These children need help. ___4___（代詞）need Dream House.
Many years ago，a little girl named Collin Rose___5___（decide）that when she grew up，she would offer a warm home___6___（介詞）those sick and homeless children. When she grew up，she became___7___（冠詞） nurse and made her dream come true. In November 2003，Collin Rose set up Dream House. Collin Rose’s efforts have___8___（encourage）many people to help sick and homeless children. ＂Every child should have a happy childhood. We may help make these children’s lives___9___（good） than before. Your small help may ___10___（great）change their lives. No help is too small. ＂Collin Rose said.
A
（山東省濰坊市昌樂縣2017年初中學生學業水平模擬）Bu
lling(欺凌) is doing things to hurt other people. It is a serious problem at school.
Miah, a 22-year-old girl, still 1 (remember) how she was bullied in junior high school. ＂They kicked me, put sticks in my hair and took money from me. Even worse, I 2 (make) to eat rubbish. I 3 (never forget) those moments.＂
Miah is not the only case. I saw another bullying situation when I was a student. Some students bullied a handicapped(智力低下的) girl every day — hitting, pushing and kicking her. They just enjoyed 4 (do) it. The girl didn’t realize that people 5 (hurt) her, she couldn’t even tell the teacher. The situation lasted for a long time.
Bulling at school is getting worse, so many people 6 (try) to start anti-bulling(反欺凌) program. Students in many schools have already taken actions. They 7 (create) anti-bullying clubs. Many students have joined the clubs. They work with teachers to show students how to stop bullying. Some other programs have joined the clubs. They work with teachers to show students how to stop bullying. Some other programs have proved to be successful, too.
In Wales, two girls 8 (come) up with an idea to stop bullying on the school bus. They created a bus pass (乘車證) and made four rules for students: no bullying, no swearing (罵髒話), no smoking and no shouting. Whenever a student broke a rule, he would get a mark on his pass. When a student had four marks, he 9 (not allow) to take the bus anymore. The bus pass idea worked. It 10 (stop) bullying on the bus.
B
（浙江省台州市玉環縣2017年中考模擬）Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.
C
(2017學年瑞安市玉海實驗中學九年級期中）Heroes come in all shapes and sizes. Many heroes are not even human, such as dogs, horses and cats. They are so 1 （勇敢的） and helpful that human beings are proud of them, too. Lucca, a 12-year-old, is a great animal hero. She is a retired US Marine Corps dog
. On April 5, 2016 she received the Dickin Medal in London, England. And some volunteers will provide free medical care for the 2 （生病的）and wounded animals in need. The Dickin Medal was 3 （創建）in 1943 by Maria Dickin. The Medal is the highest prize for animals working in some 4 （戰爭）in the world.
Lucca is the 5 （第一）U.S. Marine Corps dog to receive the medal. As a dog, Lucca’s work was dangerous. According to the US Marine Corps, Lucca protected the lives of 6 （一千） of soldiers, and no soldiers were killed while she was going around. She completed over 400 dangerous 7 （任務）during six years in Iraq and Afghanistan. She often worked without taking a 8 （休息）. In 2012, she 9 （失去） her front left leg in an explosion while working in Afghanistan.
Lucca is the 66th animal to receive the Dickin Medal. 30 dogs, 10 （包括）Lucca, have got the Medal as well as three horses and one cat. How great they are！
跟蹤訓練
A
【文章大意】本文主要通過介紹作者通過微笑交了朋友，也是通過微笑和朋友和好。他介紹了微笑的強大作用，因此你每次努力給其他人一個微笑，你將會改善世界。
3. lonely 【解析】句意：去年當我作為一名中學生進入一所新學校時，我沒有朋友，感到孤獨。作為系動詞felt的表語，故用形容詞，故此處為lonely。
4. hurt 【解析】句意：我努力想要站起來，但是站不起來，因為我的膝蓋嚴重受傷。根據謂語tried可知此處用一般過去時，故為hurt。
5. twice 【解析】句意：我毫不猶豫地抓住了那隻手，站了起來。without thinking twice毫不猶豫，故此處為twice。
6. However 【解析】句意：然而，甚至最好的朋友有時也會爭吵。此處修飾整個句子，故用副詞However。
7. regretted 【解析】句意：那天晚上冷靜下來後，我後悔我的壞脾氣。根據時間狀語That night可知此處用一般過去時，故為regretted。
8. worried 【解析】句意：我發送給利奧的手機一個微笑的表情符號後，我等著，而且擔心利奧再也不和我說話了。此處主語為I，故修飾人的感受，要用 worried。
9. moved/touched 【解析】句意：我真的很感動。主語I為，故此處修飾人的感受，要
用形容詞moved或touched。
10. improve 【解析】句意：你每次努力給其他人一個微笑，你將會改善世界。有助動詞will修飾，故此處的謂語用動詞原形，故為improve。學科@網
B
【文章大意】小鎮上的人們感到很焦慮，這個小鎮過去很安靜，然而，這些天，一些不同尋常的事情發生在我們鎮上。維克託，我學校的老師，真的很緊張。當他被城鎮報紙採訪時，他說：＂每天晚上我們都聽到窗外奇怪的聲音。我妻子認為它可能是一種動物，但我和我的朋友們認為一定是青少年正在玩。一個女人在這個地區看到了一些東西正在跑，但天很黑，所以她不確定。我們鎮上的每個人都感到不安，每個人都有自己的想法。一定有什麼東西在附近，但是什麼？我們不知道。大多數人希望這種動物或人會走開，噪音製造者以在附近製造恐懼為樂。
2. used 【解析】考查動詞的辨析。結合題幹可知此題考查的是used to do sth. 過去……，結合句意：這個小鎮過去很安靜，故填used。
3. happening 【解析】考查動詞的辨析。結合句意：一些不同尋常的事情正發生在我們鎮上，這是現在進行時，空格前是is，此處應該是現在分詞，故填happening。
4. was interviewed 【解析】考查動詞的辨析。結合題幹可知主語he和動詞採訪是被動的關係，應該用被動語態，根據下一句he said 的時態可知應該用一般過去時，故填was interviewed。
5. had heard. 【解析】考查動詞的辨析。結合題幹可知這是一個賓語從句，主句是一般過去時，從句也應該用過去的時態，因為＂聽的動作在他說之前已經發生和完成＂，所以應該用過去完成時態，故填had heard。
6. could 【解析】考查動詞的辨析。結合題幹可知這是一個賓語從句，主句His wife thought that 是一般過去時，從句也應該用一般過去時，故填could。
7. having 【解析】考查動詞的辨析。結合題幹可知這是thought後是賓語從句，it充當的是形式主語，must表示肯定的推測，結合句意：但我和我的朋友們認為一定是青少年正在玩，表示正在做某事應該用doing，故填having。
8. running 【解析】考查動詞的辨析。結合題幹可知這是see sb. doing sth. 句型，看見某人正在做某事，結合句意：一個女人在這個地區看到了一些東西正在跑，故填running。
C
【文章大意】Mr. Jenkins是一個富有且貪得無厭的人，有一次他在車站上丟了一個錢包，裡面有一條項鍊，他就許諾如果有人撿了錢包還給他，他就把錢包裡的錢分一半給他。一位老婦人撿到後把錢包還給他，但Mr. Jenkins說錢包裡有兩條項鍊，要求老婦人去找到另一條，他才能履行以前的諾言。一位聰明的法官幫了老婦人的忙，並且給了Mr. Jenkins一個教訓。
1. to play 【解析】do one’s best to do sth盡力去做某事。故答案為to play。
2. give 【解析】give sth to sb給某人某事物。故答案為give。
3. had left 【解析】根據前文的But when he got to the bus stop可知，此處用過去完成時。故答案為had left。[來源:Zxxk.Com]
4. to make 【解析】hurry to do sth匆忙地去做某事。故答案為to make。
5. will give 【解析】根據前文的If someone finds my wallet and returns it to me可知，本句用一般將來時。故答案為will give。
6. was waiting 【解析】根據前後文及句意可知，此處用過去進行時。故答案為was waiting。
7. saw 【解析】本句是描述過去的一件事，故用一般過去時。故答案為saw。
8. happened 【解析】根據the old woman said and took the man to a judge and told him...可知，此處用一般過去時。故答案為happened。
9. don’t think 【解析】根據But there is only one ring in this wallet可知，本句用一般現在時。故答案為don’t think。
10. will belong 【解析】前面是if引導的條件狀語從句，後句用一般將來時。故答案為will belong。
真題再現
A
【文章大意】短文的作者介紹了自己最好的朋友，她有兩個名字，一個是Heather，另一個是Na-ri。出生在韓國，在她兩歲時候的某一天被美國父母收養。兩天前，她收到了一封來自韓國的信，這封書信是用韓文寫的。信上說她的生母患有血癌，唯一的治療方法可能是Heather的血液。她不知道該怎麼辦，給作者打電話讓作者陪著她寫回信。
2. was born 【解析】句意：她出生在韓國。根據題幹後半句...in South Korea and adopted by American parents when she was two years old one day...(在韓國，在她兩歲時候的某一天被美國父母收養了)可知句子應該為一般過去時被動語態，結構為was/were done。be born出生，故答案為was born。
3. were saying 【解析】句意：她不明白他們在說些什麼。根據上文When she went out to dinner，some South Korean strangers tried to talk to her in Korean.(當她出去吃飯的時候，一些韓國陌生人試圖用韓語和她交談)可推知題幹意思為她不明白他們正在說什麼，所以她只是看著他們。句子為過去進行時。主語是they，所以用were，故答案為were saying。
4. was sent 【解析】句意：這封信被送到了Na-ri那裡。根據上文＂Two days ago, she received a letter from South Korea.＂(兩天前，她收到了一封來自韓國的信)可推知題幹意思為這封信被送到Na-ri那裡。句子為一般過去時的被動語態，故答案為was sent。
5. to read 【解析】句意：你應該請人幫你讀這封信。根據上文The letter was written in Korean.(這封信是用韓語寫的)可推知題幹意思為你應該請別人幫你讀這封信。ask sb to do sth.讓某人去做某事，是固定搭配。故答案為to read。
6. crying 【解析】句意：我看見她在我家附近的長椅上哭泣。根據上文Yesterday，on the way home昨天，在回家的路上。可推知題幹意思為我看見她正在我家附近的長椅上哭。see sb. doing sth.看到某人正做某事，是固定搭配。故答案為crying。
7. Will ... be (Are ...going to be也可得分) 【解析】句意：當我給韓國寫信的時候你會陪著我嗎？根據上文This morning，Heather called me(今天早上，Heather給我打電話)和題幹後半句when I write a letter to South Korea(當我給韓國寫信的時候)可推知題幹意思為當我給韓國寫信的時候你會陪著我嗎？句子為一般將來時，故答案為Will ...be。
8. am sitting 【解析】句意：現在我坐在希瑟面前看著她寫這封信。根據Now判斷，句子為現在進行時態，故答案為am sitting。
B
【文章大意】本文介紹了加利福尼亞的夢想之家，它不是一兩個孩子的家，而是許多孩子的家。Collin Rose成立了夢想之家，鼓勵更多的人去幫助生病的、無家可歸的孩子，人們小小的幫助可能會極大地改變他們的生活。
3. because 【解析】句意：想像一個人待在寒冷的街道上，因為沒有其他的地方可以住。because連詞，因為，表示因果關係；根據上下文意可知＂待在寒冷的街道上＂是因為＂沒有其他的地方可以住＂。故填：because。
4. They 【解析】句意：他們需要夢想之家。根據上文These children可知，此處用代詞 they。故填：They。
5. decided 【解析】句意：許多年前，一個名叫Collin Rose的小女孩決定，當她長大後，她會給那些生病的和無家可歸的孩子一個溫暖的家。decide動詞，決定；decided是其過去式；本句是在描述過去發生的事情，所以使用一般過去時態。故填：decided。
6. to 【解析】句意：許多年前，一個名叫Collin Rose的小女孩決定，當她長大後，她會給那些生病的和無家可歸的孩子一個溫暖的家。offer sth. to sb.給某人提供……。故填：to。
7. a 【解析】句意：當她長大後，她成了一名護士，夢想成真。a 冠詞，一個；a nurse一位護士，表示一類人。故填：a。
8. encouraged 【解析】句意：Collin Rose的努力，已經鼓勵了更多的人去幫助生病的、無家可歸的孩子。encourage動詞，鼓勵；encouraged是其過去式或過去分詞。本句描述了過去的事情對現在造成的影響和結果，使用現在完成時態，現在完成時的結構：have/has+動詞的過去分詞。故填：encouraged。
9. better 【解析】句意：我們可以讓這些孩子的生活比以前更好。live動詞，生活；better是well的比較級。根據than可知，使用比較級。故填：better。
10. greatly 【解析】句意：你小小的幫助可能會極大地改變他們的生活。great形容詞，偉大的；greatly副詞，大大地，修飾動詞change。故填：greatly。學科@網
模擬檢測
A
【文章大意】這篇短文主要講述了欺凌在學校是一個嚴重的問題，文中講述了如何對待學校的欺凌現象。
3. will never forget 【解析】句意：我將永遠不會忘記那些時刻。這will+動詞的原形。根據句意及所給單詞提示， 故填will never forget。
4. doing 【解析】They just enjoyed ____4____(do) it.句意：他們僅僅是喜歡這樣做。短語enjoy doing sth,表示喜歡做某事。根據句意及所給單詞提示，故填doing。
5. were hurting 【解析】句意：那個女孩沒有意識到人們正在傷害她。這裡是過去進行時，主語是複數，這裡用were doing的形式，根據句意及所給單詞提示，故填were hurting。
6. are trying 【解析】句意：如多的人們正在設法建立範欺凌的工程。根據語境可知用現在進行時，其結構是are doing的形式；根據句意及所給單詞提示，故填are trying。
7. have created 【解析】They ____7____(create) anti—bullying clubs.句意：他們已經創建了反欺凌的俱樂部。根據語境可知用現在完成時，其結構是have done的形式。根據句意及所給單詞提示，故填have created。
8. came 【解析】句意：在威爾斯，在公共汽車上，兩個女孩想出了一個主意來阻止欺凌。短語come up with...表示想出，提出，這裡用一般過去時態。根據句意及所給單詞提示，故填came。
9. wouldn’t be allowed 【解析】句意：他不在被允許乘公共汽車。這裡是被動語態，be allowed to do sth.表示被允許做某事。根據句意及所給單詞提示，故填wouldn’t be allowed。
10. stopped 【解析】It ___10___(stop) bullying on the bus.停止在公共汽車上的欺凌。根據句意及所給單詞提示，故填stopped。
B
【文章大意】這篇短文主要介紹了五種有助於提高睡眠質量的方法。如：按時睡覺、按時起床，避免睡前的興奮的活動，臥室只供睡覺用，不要太早上床睡覺，臨睡前洗個熱水澡等。
1. change 【解析】句意：周末不要改變就寢時間和起床時間。否定祈使句Don’t do sth.：不要做某事，don’t後面跟動詞原形；根據漢語提示和語境及句意可知填change。
3. story 【解析】句意：同時，如果你在關燈前制訂明天的計劃或者讀一個令人興奮的故事，在你試圖睡覺之前那就不會給你足夠的時間放鬆。根據前面的冠詞an可知用單數形式，根據漢語提示和語境及句意可知填story。
4. enough 【解析】句意：同時，如果你在關燈前制訂明天的計劃或者讀一個令人興奮的故事，在你試圖睡覺之前那就不會給你足夠的時間放鬆。Time時間，名詞，形容詞修飾名詞；根據漢語提示和語境及句意可知填enough。
5. members 【解析】句意：對你來說，把臥室當作吃飯，看電視，讀書，打電話，或者和家人討論重要的事情的地方，這是一個壞習慣。根據語境可知用複數形式，再結合漢語提示和語境及句意可知填Members。
6. better 【解析】句意：打破那個習慣，睡個好覺。形容詞修飾名詞，根據漢語提示和語境及句意可知填better。
7. only 【解析】句意：你的身體通常只允許你睡眠所需的時間。how many多少，後面跟名詞的複數，根據漢語提示和語境及句意可知填only。
8. hours 【解析】句意：你應該決定睡多少個小時，以免白天嗜睡。根據漢語提示和語境及句意可知填hours。
9. ends 【解析】句意：120分鐘左右的45到50度的溫水淋浴，不僅是在一天結束時的一種很好的放鬆，還能使你的體溫提高几度。此句的時態是一般現在時，從句的主語是a day三單，根據主謂一致原則，可知謂語用單數形式，結合漢語提示和語境及句意可知填ends。
10. several 【解析】句意：120分鐘左右的45到50度的溫水淋浴，不僅是在一天結束時的一種很好的放鬆，還能使你的體溫提高几度。根據漢語提示和語境及句意可知填several。
C
【文章大意】本文介紹了迪金勳章的創建以及它是頒給那些做出傑出貢獻的動物的。其中一隻名叫Lucca的狗在伊拉克和阿富汗工作的六年中，執行了很多危險的任務，救了很多人，失去了左前腿，獲得了這個獎章。
3. founded 【解析】句意：The Dickin Medal是由Maria Dickin在1943年創建的。根據by Maria Dickin可知表示被動，結合句意表示創建，故用過去分詞founded。
4. wars 【解析】句意：The Medal是給在世界上一些戰爭中工作的動物的最高獎。有some修飾，故用複數名詞，故為wars。
5. first 【解析】句意：Lucca是第一隻獲得這個獎的美國海軍陸戰隊的狗。表示第一，故用序數詞，故為first。
6. thousands 【解析】句意：根據海軍陸戰隊的報導，Lucca保護了成千上萬名士兵的生命。thousands of成千上萬的，故為thousands。
7. tasks 【解析】句意：它在伊拉克和阿富汗的六年期間完成了400多項危險的任務。有over 400修飾，故用複數名詞，故為tasks。
8. rest/break 【解析】句意：它經常工作不休息。take a rest=take a break，表示＂休息＂，故為rest。
9. lost 【解析】句意：在2012年，它在阿富汗工作時失去了她的左前腿。根據in 2012可知此處用一般過去時，故為lost。
10. including 【解析】句意：在第66屆獲得迪金勳章的動物，有包括Lucca在內的30隻狗以及三匹馬和一隻貓，獲得了那個獎章。修飾Lucca，故用介詞including。