Well hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
In today's video, I want to talk about some really common pronunciation mistakes but these particular mistakes actually reduce the level of your English or how people perceive your your English.
大家好啊，我是 Emma，歡迎來到美味英語頻道！在今天的視頻中，我想要討論一下一些非常常見的發音錯誤，但是這些錯誤卻會降低你的英語水平，或者是降低別人對你英語的印象。
Now you may have really great grammar but if you're mispronouncing words, it can make it seem like your grammar is not very good. And we want to avoid that right?
你的語法可能很好，但是如果你把單詞給讀錯了的話，可能看起來你的語法也不夠好了。我們想要避免這種情況，對吧？
Because you've worked really hard to get your grammar to where it is today. So don't let your pronunciation let you down.
因為你非常努力，語法才達到今天這個水平。所以不要讓你的發音拖後腿啦。
Come on! . . . . . .
加油！
The interesting thing about the pronunciation errors in this video is that you're unlikely to have a problem with all of them.
These errors are really strongly influenced by someone's native language, our strongest and our most dominant language.
有趣的是，你並不太可能犯這個視頻裡面的全部的發音錯誤。這些錯誤都是受母語的強烈影響的，這是我們最強的、佔據主導地位的語言。
And your native language is a problem for you when you speak English in two main ways. Firstly, it acts as a filter when you're listening to English.
當你說英語的時候，你的母語會在兩個方面給你造成問題。首先，當你聽英語的時候，它就像一個過濾器一樣。
Your brain doesn't necessarily identify or pick up on all of the sounds that you hear in English because they're foreign sounds or they're different combinations of sounds that are not common in your own native language so your brain might skip over them or assume that they're something else instead.
Secondly, your tongue and your mouth are very comfortable making sounds from your own native language, right?
你的大腦不一定能全部識別你聽到的所有的英文發音，因為它們是外來的發音，或者是不同發音的組合，在你的母語中並不常見，所以你的大腦可能會自動跳過，或者是假設它們是什麼其他的東西。其次呢，你的舌頭和嘴巴發母語裡面的音是很舒服不成問題的，對吧？
You've been doing it all your life. But if there are new sounds, the muscles feel uncomfortable and it takes a lot of training for them to relax and to get into the right position so that they can make the correct English sound, really easily.
你這一生都在這麼做。但是如果有新的發音的話，肌肉就會感到不太自在，要費很大勁兒訓練它們放鬆，把位置放正確，這樣它們才能簡單地發出正確的音。
To fix these particular problems is going to take a bit of effort on your part or quite a lot, right? Deliberately practising.
要解決這些問題需要費點力氣，對吧？要進行特意的練習。
Now this is not very sexy English practice, this is like standing in front of a mirror with a list of words that you know you can't pronounce very well. So you need to spend the time working on these specific problems, working on those muscles.
這並不是什麼非常性感迷人的英語練習，而是站在鏡子面前，帶著一堆你知道但是卻發不好音的單詞。所以你需要花時間克服這些問題，訓練這些肌肉。
It won't magically fix itself. You've got to put in the work.
它並不會魔法般地自己把自己給解決了。你需要不斷努力。
Anyway, I'm starting to sound a bit like your mum or someone nagging at you so let's just move on and get started with the lesson.
The first pronunciation error is a really common one for all of my Asian students because many Asian languages don't often have words ending in consonant sounds.
不管怎麼說，我要開始以媽媽或者是跟你嘮叨的人的那種語氣說話了，所以讓我們繼續，開始課程吧。第一個發音錯誤在我的亞洲學生中非常常見，因為很多亞洲語言裡面並不會有以輔音結尾的單詞。
In fact there are quite a few other languages where actually there's only a couple of final consonant sounds that are used but in English, we have heaps of words that end in consonant sounds. And grammatically these final sounds are really important.
其實，不少其他的語言都有一些輔音結尾的單詞，但是在英語中有很多很多單詞都是以輔音發音結尾的。從語法上來說，這些尾音非常重要。
Think about the final S for example, which we use for all plural nouns and for verbs when we're using we're talking about the third-person singular. So that's he, she and it.
想一下尾音 S 吧，我們所有複數名詞後面都會用 S，當主語是第三人稱單數的時候也會在動詞後加 S。就是 he，she，和 it。
So every time we use one of these English pronouns, it changes the verb and we add that S. You take. . .
每次我們使用這些英語代詞的時候，動詞後面都會加上 S。你拿……
He takes. . . I cry. . .
他拿……我哭……
She cries. . . They bite. . .
她哭……他們咬……
He bites. . . So the pronunciation of that final S is so important if you want to sound like you're using English accurately when you speak.
他咬……尾音 S 的發音非常重要，如果你想要讓自己的英語聽起來是正確的話。
She laugh every time the dog take a biscuit. It's wrong!
狗狗每次吃餅乾的時候她都會笑。錯啦！
Without pronouncing the final S on those verbs, it sounds like you're making a grammar mistake. She laughs every time the dog takes a biscuit.
如果你不把動詞結尾的 S 發出來的話，聽起來就像是你犯了語法錯誤。狗狗每次吃餅乾的時候她都會笑。
Practise it with me. She laughs every time the dog takes a biscuit.
和我一起練習一下。狗狗每次吃餅乾的時候她都會笑。
I need four apple and seven potato. If you're not pronouncing the final S on these nouns, then it's grammatically incorrect.
我需要四個蘋果和七個土豆。如果你不把名詞結尾的 S 發出來的話，那麼語法也就錯了。
It doesn't matter if in your head it's grammatically correct or the way that you would write it would be different, the way that you're pronouncing it, seems like you're not using the correct grammar.?I need four apples and seven potatoes.
就算你腦子裡面的語法是對的，或者是你寫下來的時候會不一樣，你發音的方式會讓你看起來語法用的不對。我需要四個蘋果和七個土豆。
There are twenty-four months in two years. Can you hear that final S on both of those nouns?
兩年有二十四個月。你能聽到這兩個名詞結尾的 S 音嗎？
There are twenty-four months in two years. Nice!
兩年有二十四個月。很好 ！
Now 'months' is a particularly difficult word to pronounce here. There are three consonant sounds together.
「Months」的音其實很難發。有三個輔音連在一起。
That's really hard and one of them is the -th sound. But when you're trying to pronounce this word in a sentence with other words around it you're much better off skipping the -th sound and just saying 'months' because people will still understand what you're saying and it's grammatically correct.
真的很難，而且其中一個音還是-th 音。但是當你在一個句子中發這個單詞的音，而且這個單詞旁邊還有其他的詞彙的時候，最好是省略掉-th 音，只發/mns/的音，因為人們還是可以理解你在說什麼，而且語法也是對的。
In fact, that's a really good little tip because native speakers do this quite a bit when they're speaking quickly. We're going travelling for six months!
其實呢，那是個很好的小竅門，因為母語者語速快的時候經常會這麼做。我們要旅行六個月！
Months. Months. Regular past tense verbs in English cause different pronunciation challenges for different English learners but the one that I'm talking about today is quite similar to the last one.
Months。 Months。英語規則動詞過去式對不同的英語學習者來說會造成不同的發音困難，但是我今天要說的這個和上一個很相似。
It's related to the pronunciation of final consonants. So I want you to listen to the difference between these words.
是和結尾的輔音發音有關係的。我想讓大家聽一下這些單詞之間的區別。
Walk. Walked.
走.走.
Watch. Watched.
看.看.
Close. Closed.
關.關.
Now the final consonant sound here is the only thing that tells someone that you're using the past tense. If you don't pronounce it, then you're using the verb in the present tense.
這裡的結尾的輔音是唯一能夠告訴大家你使用的是過去時的元素。如果你沒有發出來的話，那你就是在用現在時。
I talk with him yesterday. I talked with him yesterday.
我昨天和他說話了。我昨天和他說話了。
I talked. I talked with him yesterday.
我說話了。我昨天和他說話了。
You have to practise this so that you're speaking accurately. After we finished eating, we walked through the park and gazed at the stars.
你需要進行練習才能說對。在我們吃完飯之後，我們在公園裡遛彎看星星了。
So listen. Finished.
好好聽。完成。
Walked. Gazed.
走路。注視。
If you want some more pronunciation practice with past tense regular verbs and how to pronounce them correctly, then check out this lesson up here. I've made a whole lesson about past tense verbs and the correct pronunciation.
如果你想進行更多規則動詞過去時的發音練習，想要正確地發音的話，那就看看這節課吧。這整節課都是關於動詞過去時和正確發音的。
Hey guys! A super quick reminder to subscribe to my channel if you haven't done that already. If you have subscribed, make sure you let me know in the comments and which of these pronunciation errors you feel like you've been making.
朋友們！提醒一下大家如果還沒訂閱我的頻道的話，一定要記得訂閱哦。如果你已經訂閱了的話，一定要在評論區讓我知道，你在犯哪些發音錯誤。
There are a few numbers that you need to be really careful of when you're speaking in English because it can make you sound like you're making mistakes when you're not. Or even worse with numbers, it creates a lot of confusion.
在說英語的時候，有一些數字你需要格外留意，因為這會讓你聽起來你在犯錯誤，但是其實你並沒有犯錯誤。或者更糟糕的情況，數字有時候會給人造成很多困惑。
Can you think of the numbers that I'm actually talking about? Listen up!
你能想到我到底在說哪個數字呢？好好聽！
Thirteen. Thirty.
十三。三十。
Fourteen. Forty.
十四。四十。
Again that's the consonant sound at the end. It's so important.
同樣的，結尾是輔音。這非常重要。
Fifteen. Fifty.
十五。五十。
Sixteen. Sixty.
十六。六十。
Seventeen. Seventy.
十七。七十。
So you can see how this can get really tricky if you're mispronouncing these sounds. It's really just that one consonant sound on the end that tells us which number we're actually using.
你可以看到，如果發音發錯了的話，情況會多麼麻煩。就是結尾處的輔音告訴我們到底說的是哪個數字。
In fact, you'll even sometimes hear native speakers asking for clarification on this because if that word isn't pronounced clearly, it's really difficult to be sure.
Now I've got a whole nother video where you can practise pronouncing numbers correctly with me up there but right now I want to focus on the difference between fifteen and fifty.
其實呢，你有時候甚至會聽到母語者讓別人再解釋一下，因為如果那個單詞發音不清楚的話，就很難確定到底是什麼。在我的另外一個視頻中，大家可以和我一起練習數字的正確發音，但是現在我要講一下十五和五十之間的區別啦。
So again, it's that consonant sound. It's so important.
同樣的，這是輔音。非常重要。
Fifteen. Fifty.
十五。五十。
Can you feel the difference in your mouth when you're practising? With fifteen, the tip of your tongue should be touching the ridge behind your top teeth.
當你練習的時候，你能感受到嘴巴的區別嗎？說十五的時候，舌尖觸碰到的是上牙齦後方。
Fifteen. Fifteen. With fifty, the tip of your tongue is down. It's down low.
十五。十五。而說五十的時候，舌尖是在下面的。
Now if you need to practise this pronunciation then really pay attention to the tip of your tongue. Where is it when you finish saying each of those words?
如果你需要練習這個發音的話，那麼真的需要注意一下你的舌尖的位置。當你說完這兩個單詞的時候，舌尖分別在哪裡呢？
Fifteen. Fifty.
十五。五十。
Fifteen. Fifty.
十五。五十。
Okay, here's something a little different, adding an extra sound after a final consonant. Now my Italian students, you know where you're at.
好的，在結尾輔音後面再加上一個額外的音還是有點不同的。我的義大利學生，你們知道我再說你們。
This one is definitely for you. Pronouncing the final consonant is not a problem for you, it's just that you tend to add an extra vowel sound on the end of the word.
這是專門為你們而講的。對你們而言結尾的輔音並不是什麼問題，但是你們傾向於在單詞後面再加上一個額外的元音。
You know when it ends in a consonant sound. And again, this is something that occurs in your native language but it doesn't happen in English.
你懂得，結尾是輔音的時候。同樣的，你們的母語中有這種情況，但是英語中卻沒有。
So how can this little tiny extra sound make you sound incorrect or less accurate when you're using English? So listen to what can happen when you add a vowel sound after a final consonant.
所以當你說英語的時候，這個小小的額外的音會讓你的發音多麼不正確呢？聽一下當你在結尾的輔音加上另外一個元音的時候會發生什麼。
Wait. Waiter.
等待。服務員。
Stop. Stopper.
停止。塞子。
Speak. Speaker.
說話。演講者。
So you're adding this extra syllable which can change many verbs into a noun. The way that you're pronouncing these verbs is really similar to the way that Australians and British English speakers pronounce these nouns.
加上這個額外的音節，就可以把動詞變成一個名詞。你們發這些動詞的音的方式和澳大利亞以及英國英語母語者發名詞的音的方式是相似的。
So practise it with me. Please wait until they speak before you take photos.
和我一起練習吧。在拍照片之前要等他們說完。
Please wait until they speak before you take photos.
So if you need to practise this and you want to reduce the influence of your native language on your English pronunciation, then try writing some simple sentences with lots of words that end in a consonant sound and then record yourself as you say them out loud.
在拍照片之前要等他們說完。如果你需要練習，想要減少母語對英語發音的影響的話，那就試著裡面有以輔音結尾的單詞的句子吧，然後大聲念出來並錄音。
Listen to the recording again and hear how you're mispronouncing these sounds, that's one of the best ways to practise. Our final point here is about words that end in /i/.
再聽一遍錄音，聽一下你發錯了什麼音，那是最好的練習方式之一。我們要講的最後一點是以/i/結尾的單詞。
Let's look at words like community, opportunity, responsibility, ability, reality. Now these are challenging to say because of the number of syllables in them.
讓我們看看這些單詞吧：community, opportunity, responsibility, ability, reality。這些其實說起來很有挑戰性，因為裡面的音節很多。
But also in English, we have different stress patterns and different syllables are stressed in different ways. What you need to remember is that we definitely want to hear that vowel sound on the end.
但是在英語中，我們有不同的重音，不同的音節重音方式不同。你需要記住的是我們想要聽到最後的元音。
It's not a stress syllable so it's a really soft sound but it must be there. Not communit, opportunit, responsibilit.
這並不是重讀音節，所以發音比較輕柔，但是必須要發出來。不是communit, opportunit, responsibilit。
Now these errors don't really make you grammatically incorrect but it does disrupt the flow of your sentence. When you aspirate instead of just making the correct vowel sound at the end, it changes the rhythm and the pattern in your sentence.
這些錯誤並不會讓你的語法不正確，但是卻會讓擾亂句子的流暢表達。當你以送氣的方式，而不是按照正確的方式發出結尾的元音的話，就會改變句子的韻律結構。
Like I said, the last syllable in all of these words is unstressed but it is clearly there. It's just pronounced as a soft T.
就像我說過的，這些單詞裡面最後的音節都不是重讀的，但它們確實是存在的。就是簡單地發輔音 T 就行了。
So if this is a problem for you then let's practise. This is your opportunity to take responsibility.
如果你在這方面有問題的話，那就一起練習一下吧。這是你的機會來承擔責任。
This is your opportunity to take responsibility. In reality, the community doesn't have the ability to leave.
這是你的機會來承擔責任。事實上，這個群體並沒有能力離開。
In reality, the community doesn't have the ability to leave. So there you have it, five pronunciation errors that English students make that not only sound wrong but they actually make your English level sound lower than it really is.
事實上，這個群體並沒有能力離開。就這樣，五個學英語的學生經常會犯的發音錯誤，它們不僅聽起來是錯誤的，而且會讓你的英語水平聽起來更差。
Now there are lots of ways to practise and improve your pronunciation. You can make recordings of yourself.
有很多可以練習提升發音的方法。你可以給自己錄音。
You can use a mirror to make sure that your mouth and your tongue are in the right places as you're practising your pronunciation. If you can, get some feedback from a native speaker.
在練習的時候，你可以用鏡子來確保你的嘴巴和舌頭在正確的位置。如果可以的話，可以從母語者那裡尋找一些反饋。
You could get a tutor, you could join classes with Lingoda where there's native English teachers in all of those classes.
If you have a speaking partner to practise your conversation skills with, make sure you tell them what pronunciation errors you're really trying to correct and ask them to tell you if they hear them.
你可以請一位老師，你可以參加 Lingoda 上面的課程，在這裡所有的課程都是英語母語老師。如果你有語伴可以一起練習對話技巧的話，一定要告訴他們你想要糾正什麼發音錯誤，如果他們聽到的話，就讓他們告訴你。
If you've got one or three or five different people reminding you of your pronunciation errors, you'll be able to correct them and improve them much more quickly. You can also practise with mmmEnglish Imitation Lessons like this one right here.
如果你有幾個不同的人提醒你發音錯誤的話，你就可以更快地糾正這些錯誤，提升英語水平。你也可以看一下美味英語模仿課程進行練習，就在這裡。
You'll practise the correct pronunciation with me and again, making a recording of yourself imitating me and listening back to it will really help you to identify the sounds that you're mispronouncing. Anyway I'll see you in the next lesson.
大家可以和我一起練習正確的發音，同樣的，在模仿我的時候給自己錄個音，回去聽一下，這會幫助你確定有什麼音自己是發錯了的。總而言之，下節課程見啦。
Thanks for joining me!
謝謝參與！