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攜手構建網絡空間命運共同體 Jointly Build a Community with a Shared Future in Cyberspace
世界網際網路大會組委會Organizing Committee of the World Internet Conference
序 言 Preface
2015年，中國國家主席習近平在第二屆世界網際網路大會首次提出「構建網絡空間命運共同體」理念,深入闡釋網際網路發展治理「四項原則」「五點主張」,得到國際社會廣泛關注和普遍認同,已經成為世界網際網路大會永久主題。構建網絡空間命運共同體，是人類命運共同體理念在網絡空間的具體體現和重要實踐,彰顯了對人類共同福祉的高度關切，反映了國際社會的共同期待，為推動全球網際網路發展治理貢獻了中國智慧、中國方案。 Chinese President Xi Jinping unveiled the vision of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace at the second World Internet Conference in 2015. At the conference, President Xi elaborated on the four principles and made a five-point proposal concerning Internet development and governance. The vision has drawn the attention and recognition of the world and become a permanent theme of the World Internet Conference. Building a community with a shared future in cyberspace is an embodiment and major practice of the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind and a manifestation of our great interest in the common well-being of humanity and shared aspiration of the international community. We have contributed China's wisdom and approach to the development and global governance of Internet.
《攜手構建網絡空間命運共同體》積極回應各方期待,全面闡釋「構建網絡空間命運共同體」理念的時代背景、基本原則、實踐路徑和治理架構,倡議國際社會攜手合作,共謀發展福祉,共迎安全挑戰,把網絡空間建設成造福全人類的發展共同體、安全共同體、責任共同體、利益共同體。 In response to the expectations of all parties, Jointly Build a Community with a Shared Future in Cyberspace fully expounds on the background, fundamental principles, path to realization, and governance framework of the vision of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace. It calls on the international community to work together to promote development, address security challenges, and build cyberspace into a community where we can jointly advance development, safeguard security, participate in governance, and share the benefits.
網際網路發展日新月異,構建網絡空間命運共同體必須與時俱進。歡迎各方持續為豐富發展「構建網絡空間命運共同體」理念貢獻智慧力量,攜手開創全人類更加美好的未來! As the Internet is developing at an amazing speed, the endeavor to build a community with a shared future in cyberspace must also move forward with the times. We encourage all parties to continue contributing their insights and efforts to enriching and developing this vision, and join hands to create an even brighter future for all human beings.
——世界網際網路大會組委會 2019年10月 Organizing Committee of the World Internet ConferenceOctober 2019
當今時代,網際網路發展日新月異,極大拓展了人類生產生活空間,網絡空間已成為人類共同的新家園,讓國際社會越來越成為你中有我、我中有你的命運共同體。各國人民在網絡空間休戚與共、利益攸關,國際社會應加強溝通、擴大共識、深化合作,堅持共商共建共享的全球治理觀,堅持全球事務由各國人民商量著辦,攜手構建網絡空間命運共同體,讓網際網路發展成果更好造福人類。 The Internet today is growing at an incredible speed in ways that have enormously expanded people's work and living spaces. Cyberspace has become a new homeland for human beings, a place where all countries are getting increasingly interdependent, and a community of intertwined interests and shared future. It is therefore imperative for the international community to strengthen communication, broaden consensus, deepen cooperation, and embrace extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in global governance. On matters that involve us all, we should discuss and look for a solution together. We should work hand in hand to build a community with a shared future in cyberspace where the Internet can deliver greater benefits to all the people.
一、時代背景 Background
當今世界正處在大發展大變革大調整時期,新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在孕育成長,新興市場國家和發展中國家快速崛起,網際網路的迅猛發展給人類文明進步帶來了千載難逢的發展機遇。 Today's world is undergoing major development, adjustment and transformation. A new round of technological and industrial revolution is gaining momentum. Emerging markets and developing countries are rising rapidly. The exponential growth of the Internet has created an unprecedented opportunity for the progress of human civilization.
同時,網際網路領域發展不平衡、規則不健全、秩序不合理等問題日益凸顯。網絡空間霸權主義、強權政治依然存在,保護主義、單邊主義不斷抬頭,不同國家和地區之間數字鴻溝不斷拉大,世界範圍內侵犯個人隱私、侵犯智慧財產權、推行種族主義、散布虛假信息、實施網絡詐騙、網絡恐怖主義活動等違法犯罪行為已成為全球公害。In the meantime, such problems as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order have become more evident in the field of the Internet. Hegemony and power politics persist in cyberspace. Protectionism and unilateralism keep rearing their heads. The digital divide among countries and regions is widening. Privacy infringements, intellectual property rights violations, the rise of racism, spread of disinformation, Internet fraud, cyberterrorism and other illegal and criminal activities have become a global scourge.
面對網際網路帶來的機遇和挑戰,國際社會致力於利用好、發展好、治理好網際網路,為此作出了不懈努力。中國既是全球網際網路發展的重要受益者,也始終是國際網絡空間和平的建設者、發展的貢獻者、秩序的維護者。中國作為負責任的網際網路大國,始終不渝走和平發展道路,奉行互利共贏的開放戰略,倡導維護各國在網絡空間的主權、安全和發展利益,積極參與網絡空間國際治理進程,不斷深化網絡空間國際對話交流,依託共建「一帶一路」等分享發展經驗、推動務實合作,成功搭建世界網際網路大會等平臺,為國際社會凝聚共識和探索實踐發揮了積極作用,推動全球網際網路治理朝著更加公正合理的方向邁進。 In the face of these opportunities and challenges, the international community is committed to improving the use, development, and governance of the Internet and has made tireless efforts toward this end. China has not only benefited significantly from the global Internet development, but also made unremitting efforts to safeguard peace, promote development and maintain order in cyberspace. As a responsible major country of Internet development, China is always committed to the path of peaceful development and an open-up strategy featuring mutual benefits and win-win results. China advocates safeguarding sovereignty, security and development interests of all countries in cyberspace and has taken an active part in the process of global governance in cyberspace. China continues to promote international dialogues and exchanges in cyberspace and has engaged in experience sharing and practical cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative. Through the World Internet Conference and other platforms that have been successfully built, China is playing an active role in building consensus and exploring good practices, so as to promote fairer and more equitable global Internet governance.
構建網絡空間命運共同體,就是要把網絡空間建設成造福全人類的發展共同體、安全共同體、責任共同體、利益共同體。我們倡議世界各國政府和人民順應資訊時代潮流,把握數位化、網絡化、智能化發展契機,積極應對網絡空間風險挑戰,實現發展共同推進、安全共同維護、治理共同參與、成果共同分享。 To build a community with a shared future in cyberspace is to make cyberspace a community where we can jointly advance development, safeguard security, participate in governance, and share the benefits. We call on the governments and people of all countries to follow the trend of the information age, seize the opportunities offered by digital, network and smart technologies, and tackle risks and challenges in cyberspace proactively, so that we can achieve shared development, ensure common security, realize joint governance, and enjoy benefits together.
二、基本原則Fundamental Principles
構建網絡空間命運共同體,應堅持以下原則: To build a community with a shared future in cyberspace, the following principles should be upheld:
1.尊重網絡主權。《聯合國憲章》確立的主權平等原則是當代國際關係的基本準則,同樣適用於網絡空間。網絡主權是國家主權在網絡空間的自然延伸,應尊重各國自主選擇發展道路、治理模式和平等參與網絡空間國際治理的權利。各國有權根據本國國情,借鑑國際經驗,制定有關網絡空間的公共政策和法律法規。任何國家都不搞網絡霸權,不利用網絡幹涉他國內政,不從事、縱容或支持危害他國國家安全的網絡活動,不侵害他國信息基礎設施。 Respecting sovereignty in cyberspace. The principle of sovereign equality enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations is a basic norm governing contemporary international relations. It covers all aspects of state-to-state relations, and should likewise apply to cyberspace. Sovereignty in cyberspace is a natural extension of the national sovereignty in cyberspace. We should respect the right of each country to independently choose its own development path and governance model, and to participate in global governance in cyberspace on an equal footing. All countries have the right to formulate public policies, laws and regulations relating to cyberspace based on their own national contexts by drawing on experience of other countries. No country should pursue Internet hegemony, or use the Internet to interfere in another country’s internal affairs. No country should engage in, condone or support cyber activities that endanger other countries' national security, or sabotage their information infrastructure.
2.維護和平安全。實現網絡空間的安全穩定,事關人類的共同福祉。各國應維護以聯合國為核心的國際體系,遵守《聯合國憲章》宗旨與原則,尊重彼此在網絡空間的安全利益和重大關切。各國應反對網絡空間敵對行動和侵略行徑,防止網絡空間軍備競賽,防範網絡空間軍事衝突,堅持以和平方式解決網絡空間爭端。反對將網絡安全問題政治化。各方應摒棄冷戰思維、零和博弈、雙重標準和貿易保護主義、單邊主義,反對網絡攻擊和大規模監控,反對國家間無端的網絡攻擊指責,致力於共同維護網絡空間的和平與安全。 Upholding peace and security. A secure and stable cyberspace bears on the shared well-being of humanity. All countries should uphold the international system with the UN as its core, observe the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and respect each other's security interests and major concerns in cyberspace. Countries should oppose hostile activities and acts of aggression, prevent arms race and military conflict in cyberspace, and remain committed to resolving disputes by peaceful means. Countries should oppose attempts to politicize cybersecurity issues. Countries should abandon the Cold War mentality, zero sum games, double standards, trade protectionism and unilateralism, and oppose cyber-attacks, large-scale surveillance operations and unfounded accusations of cyber-attacks against other countries. Countries should make concerted efforts to maintain peace and security in cyberspace.
3.促進開放合作。開放是開展網絡空間合作的前提,也是構建網絡空間命運共同體的重要條件。各國應秉持開放理念,奉行開放政策,豐富開放內涵,提高開放水平,共同推進網絡空間健康發展。積極搭建雙邊、區域和國際合作平臺,強化資源優勢互補,維護全球協同一致的創新體系,促進不同制度、不同民族和不同文化在網絡空間包容性發展。堅決反對狹隘的、封閉的小集團主義,反對利用自身優勢損害別國信息通信技術產品和服務供應鏈安全。Promoting openness and cooperation. Openness is a prerequisite for cooperation in cyberspace and an important condition for building a community with a shared future in cyberspace. Countries should work together for the healthy development of cyberspace with an open mind, by adopting policies of openness in more areas and at a higher level. Platforms for bilateral, regional, and international cooperation are needed to leverage the complementarity of resources and strengths. We need to maintain harmonized global innovation architecture, and encourage inclusive development among different social systems, ethnicities, and cultures in cyberspace. We should firmly reject narrow-minded and closed cliquish thinking, and oppose attempts by any country to use its own strengths to undermine the security of other countries' supply chains of ICT products and services.
4.構建良好秩序。網絡空間不是法外之地,應以公認的國際法和國際關係基本準則為基礎構建良好秩序。國家不分大小、強弱、貧富,都是國際社會平等成員,都有權平等參與網絡空間國際規則制定。國際社會應共同管理和公平分配網際網路基礎資源,擴大發展中國家參與網絡空間國際治理的代表性和發言權,實現網絡空間資源共享、責任共擔、合作共治,建立公平正義的網絡空間秩序。 Building a sound order. Cyberspace is not a place beyond the rule of law, and a sound order must be established on the basis of commonly recognized international laws and basic norms governing international relations. All countries, regardless of size, strength or wealth, are equal members of the international community and are entitled to participate in cyberspace rules-making on an equal footing. The international community should jointly manage and fairly distribute basic Internet resources, increase developing countries' representation and voice in global governance in cyberspace, and work toward the cyberspace where countries can share resources, shoulder common responsibilities and exercise joint governance, in a bid to establish a just and equitable order in cyberspace.
三、實踐路徑 Path to Realization
1.加快全球網絡基礎設施建設,促進互聯互通。採取更加積極、包容、協調、普惠的政策,推動全球網絡基礎設施加快普及,為不發達地區和低收入人群提供用得上、用得起、用得好的網絡服務。全面推動新一代信息基礎設施建設。共同推進跨境光纜、國際海底光纜等項目建設,完善空間信息基礎設施。有效利用多邊開發銀行等機制,加大資金投入、技術支持和智力保障,擴大各方參與,提高互聯互通水平。加強在新一代信息通信技術等領域的國際合作,提升全球網絡基礎設施建設與保護的意識和水平。加強政策協調,促進網絡智慧財產權保護。 Accelerating the building of global Internet infrastructure for greater connectivity. The international community should adopt more proactive, inclusive, and coordinated policies that benefit all to spur faster expansion of Internet infrastructure around the globe and provide accessible, affordable, and quality Internet services to underdeveloped regions and low-income population. Countries should make comprehensive efforts to build the next-generation information infrastructure. Countries should make joint efforts to advance cross-border and international submarine optical cables and improve information infrastructure in space. Mechanisms such as multilateral development banks should be fully leveraged to increase funding, technical support, and expertise for Internet infrastructure development, and encourage wider participation for enhanced connectivity. It is important to strengthen international cooperation in fields such as next-generation ICT and enhance both global awareness of building and protecting Internet infrastructure and the capacity to do so. Policy coordination is necessary to promote intellectual property protection in cyberspace.
2.打造網上文化交流共享平臺,促進交流互鑑。充分發揮網際網路的橋梁作用,推動各國開展網上文化交流、學術往來、人才交流、知識分享、媒體合作等,讓網際網路成為展示各國各民族文明成果的平臺,增進不同文明之間的包容共生。推動網絡文化創新創造,促進科技與人文交匯交融,加強文化產品的數位化生產和網絡化傳播。注重對婦女兒童及其他弱勢群體的網絡保護,加強網絡倫理和網絡文明建設,推動網絡文化健康發展,培育良好網絡生態。 Building an online platform for cultural exchanges and mutual learning. The role of the Internet should be given full play as a bridge for promoting online cultural exchanges, academic communication, people-to-people exchanges, knowledge sharing, and media cooperation between countries. It should also serve as a platform for displaying achievements in civilizations of all countries and people and promoting harmonious coexistence of all civilizations. Cultural innovation and creativity in cyberspace needs to be encouraged to promote the integration of technology with cultural progress, and increase digital cultural products and their online distribution. Protection of women, children, and other vulnerable groups should be strengthened in cyberspace, where ethics and good behaviors must be highlighted for the healthy development of the culture and the ecosystem in cyberspace.
3.推動數字經濟創新發展,促進共同繁榮。充分發揮數字經濟在全球經濟發展中的引擎作用,積極推進工業數位化轉型。提升數字經濟包容性,以人為本,深入研究新技術影響,推動科技向善,探索合作思路和舉措。探索建立創業投資合作機制,打造開放互利的共同市場,實現生產要素有序流動、資源高效配置、市場深度融合。在全球範圍內促進普惠式發展,提升廣大發展中國家和不發達國家網絡發展能力,打破信息壁壘,消除數字鴻溝,共享網際網路發展成果,為聯合國2030年可持續發展議程有效落實提供助力。 Promoting innovative development of the digital economy for common prosperity. The role of the digital economy as an engine of global economic growth needs to be fully leveraged. Proactive steps should be taken toward digital transformation of industry. The digital economy needs to become more inclusive and people-centered. We should conduct thorough studies to examine the impact of new technologies, ensure the use of science and technology for the greater good, and explore new cooperation approaches and measures. Explorations should also focus on establishing cooperation mechanisms for venture capital investment. Open and mutually-beneficial common markets need to be built to achieve the sound flow of production factors, efficient resource allocation, and greater market integration. To promote inclusive development on a truly global scale and enable all countries to share benefits of Internet development, it is important to enhance Internet capacity of developing and underdeveloped countries by breaking information barriers and bridging the digital divide, in an effort to facilitate the realization of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
4.保障網絡安全,促進有序發展。倡導開放合作的網絡安全理念,堅持安全與發展並重、鼓勵與規範並舉。加強關鍵信息基礎設施保護和數據安全國際合作,維護信息技術中立和產業全球化,共同遏制信息技術濫用。進一步增強戰略互信,及時共享網絡威脅信息,有效協調處置重大網絡安全事件,合作打擊網絡恐怖主義和網絡犯罪,共同維護網絡空間和平與安全。 Maintaining cybersecurity to promote orderly development. We should advocate a cybersecurity concept that features openness and cooperation. We should encourage Internet development, while laying equal emphasis on secure and orderly development. It is important to strengthen the protection of critical information infrastructure and international cooperation in data security, maintain the neutrality of information technology and the globalization of the information industry, and take collective action to curb information technology abuses. Countries should increase strategic mutual trust, work together to timely share information on cybersecurity threats, combat cyberterrorism and cybercrimes, and effectively coordinate on cybersecurity incidents, in an effort to uphold peace and security in cyberspace.
5.構建全球網絡空間治理體系,促進公平正義。堅持多邊參與、多方參與,積極推進全球網際網路治理體系變革。發揮聯合國在網絡空間國際治理中的主渠道作用,發揮政府、國際組織、網際網路企業、技術社群、社會組織、公民個人等各主體作用,建立相互信任、協調有序的合作。完善對話協商機制,研究制定網絡空間治理規範,共同研究制定更加平衡地反映各方利益關切特別是廣大發展中國家利益的國際規則,使治理體系更加公正合理。Building a system of global governance in cyberspace to promote equity and justice. Reform on global Internet governance should feature a multilateral and multi-party approach with participation of various stakeholders. The UN should serve as the main channel of global governance in cyberspace. Governments, international organizations, Internet companies, technical communities, social organizations, and individual citizens should play their respective roles. Thus a global partnership characterized by mutual trust and sound coordination will be established. The international community needs to improve dialogue and consultation mechanisms, formulate cyberspace governance regulations, and make joint efforts to study and draw up international rules that reflect the interests and concerns of all parties in a more balanced way, particularly those of developing countries. These efforts will ensure progress toward a more just and equitable governance system in cyberspace.
四、治理架構 Governance Framework
構建網絡空間命運共同體應加強政府、國際組織、網際網路企業、技術社群、社會組織、公民個人等各主體的溝通與合作,形成立體協同的治理架構。 Building a community with a shared future in cyberspace requires greater communication and cooperation among all parties, including governments, international organizations, companies, technical communities, social organizations, and individual citizens, for the creation of a multi-dimensional and well-coordinated governance framework.
政府是國家治理與國際合作的主要行為體,發揮關鍵主導作用。各國政府有權制定和實施符合本國國情的法律法規和政策措施,提高本國網際網路建設、運用和管理水平,維護國家網絡主權;有權參與網絡空間規則制定等公共產品供給,推動全球數字經濟繁榮發展,管控和遏制網絡安全風險擴散,維護各國在網絡空間的共同福祉。Governments, as the main actors in state governance and international cooperation, have a critical and leading role to play. Governments have the right to draft and implement laws, regulations, policies, and measures in line with their national conditions, improve their countries' capacity for Internet development, application, and management, and safeguard their sovereignty in cyberspace. They are also entitled to participate in the supply of public goods including formulating cyberspace rules, promote the growth and prosperity of the global digital economy, control and contain the spread of cybersecurity risks, and uphold the well-being of all countries in cyberspace.
國際組織既是網絡空間國際規則制定的重要主體,也是各方開展網際網路交流合作的重要平臺。各國應支持並推動聯合國等政府間國際組織的網絡空間國際規則進程,規範各方行為,促進交流合作,維護網絡空間安全、穩定與繁榮。非政府間國際組織宜加強同政府間國際組織的協調互動,實現優勢互補。 International organizations are not only the main developers of international cyberspace rules, but also important platforms for Internet communication and cooperation among all parties. Countries should support and advance the process of international rules-making in cyberspace by the UN and other inter-governmental organizations, regulate the conduct of the parties concerned, promote exchanges and cooperation, and keep cyberspace secure, stable and vibrant. Non-governmental international organizations should enhance coordination and interactions with inter-governmental organizations to draw on each other's strengths.
網際網路企業不僅是數字經濟建設的關鍵主體,也是網絡空間治理的重要參與者。網際網路企業處於網際網路發展與安全的第一線,承擔創新發展和依法治理的責任,應遵守法律法規,探索最佳實踐,促進交流合作。Internet companies are key actors in the development of the digital economy and important participants in cyberspace governance. At the forefront of Internet development and cybersecurity, they must commit themselves to innovative development and law-based governance. They should observe laws and regulations, explore best practices and strengthen communication and cooperation.
技術社群和社會組織等對網絡空間技術發展和公共決策起著不可替代的作用。技術社群繼續發揮在技術協議與標準制定等領域的職能,從技術角度為網絡空間治理和國際合作積極進行引導和貢獻力量。社會組織積極建言獻策,共同推進網際網路關鍵資源公平化、合理化配置,促進網絡空間高效運轉和創新發展。 Technical communities, social organizations, and other groups have an indispensable role in cyberspace technology development and public decision-making. They should continue to play their due role in such areas as technology agreement formulation and standards development, providing guidance to facilitate cyberspace governance and international cooperation from a technical perspective. Social organizations can make suggestions and proposals to jointly promote fair allocation of key Internet resources, efficient operation and innovation-driven development of cyberspace.
個人既是網絡服務的用戶,也是網絡行為的主體。負責任的個人行為是構建網絡空間命運共同體的基礎。公民個人應遵守法律法規,自覺規範網絡行為,提升網絡安全防護意識與能力。 Individual citizens are users of Internet services and one of the main actors in cyberspace. Their responsible behaviors are the cornerstones of a community with a shared future in cyberspace. Citizens must abide by laws and regulations, conscientiously regulate their own online behaviors, and enhance their awareness and capability in terms of cybersecurity protection.
構建網絡空間命運共同體關乎全人類的前途命運,是順應資訊時代發展潮流的必然選擇,也是應對網絡空間風險挑戰的迫切需要。各國在網絡空間既有共同關切,也有不同訴求,應當在尊重彼此核心利益的前提下,謀求共同福祉,應對共同挑戰,讓網際網路更好造福世界各國人民,攜手開創人類更加美好的未來!Building a community with a shared future in cyberspace bears on the destiny of the entire humanity. It has become an imperative to answer the call of the information age and tackle the risks and challenges in cyberspace. As countries may have common concerns and diverse aspirations in cyberspace, we should, on the basis of mutual respect for core interests, work for the common good and rise to common challenges. We should enable the Internet to better serve all countries and people in the world, and jointly create an even brighter future for humanity.
來源：世界網際網路大會官網