一、含義
在句子中謂語動詞的數必須和主語的數保
持主謂一致。
二、判斷的三個原則:
1. 語法一致:主語是單數,謂語動詞用單數；
主語是複數,謂語動詞用複數 。
2. 意義一致原則:主語形式為單數,意義是
複數,謂語動詞用複數;主語形式為複數,意
義是單數,謂語動詞用單數。
3. 就近原則:謂語動詞的單複數形式取決
於最靠近它的主語。
三、用法
1. 複合不定代詞someone , anyone,
everyone, nobody/none做主語，謂語動
詞用單數。
If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call.
2. each of+ 名詞複數作主語時,謂語動詞
用單數。
Each of the students has an apple.
We/ You/ They/ The students each
have an apple.
(複數形式 students作主語,each作同位語)
3. 代詞all 作主語:若指人,謂語動詞用複數;
若指事物或現象,謂語動詞通常用單數。
All are equal before the law.
All is well that ends well.結局好一切都。
4. 不定式、動名詞或從句作主語時,謂語動
詞通常用單數。
Having to change trains is a small
inconvenience.
5. many a +單數名詞/ more than one+名
詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
Many a page is missing in the book.
More than one student has failed the
exam.
More students than one have failed
the exam.
6. 形式為單數但意義為復作主語時,謂語
動詞用複數。
The police have not made any arrests.
7. 表示一類人/物的 the poor/ rich/ dead/
injured ；the+姓氏複數作主語時,謂語動
詞用複數。
The rich are to help the poor.
The Greens are going to London.
8. 表示某國人的總稱的 the Chinese. the
British, 作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。
The Chinese are hard-working.
9. 表示學科概念詞諸如 maths, physics,
politics, news等做主語時，謂語動詞用單
數。
Physics is my favorite subject.
Bad news has wings.
10. 單複數同形的名詞sheep, deer,
means, works(工廠)等作主語,謂語動詞的
數與實際意義一致。
A sheep is lying there.
Three sheep are eating grass there.
11. 集體名詞 family,class, public, crew.
team, audience, crowd, government ,
committee, group, nation 等作主語時,
謂語動詞的單複數要根據主語所指的意義
而定。當集體名詞作為一個整體看待時,
謂語動詞用單數; 當強調各個成員時,謂語
動詞用複數。
The class consists of twenty-five boys
and twenty girls.
The class are doing experiments.
12. 在句子中連接並列主語的時候或者在
there be 句型，either……or……
neither……nor……
not only……but also ……中,謂語動詞要
和離它最近的主語保持一致。 如：
Not his parents but he doesnt want to
go.
Not only the students but also the
teacher wishes for a holiday.
There is a cup of tea and someapples
on the table.
Are either you or he fit for the job?
Are not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?
四、主謂一致的幾個難點
1.並列主語的主謂一致用法
（1）兩個單數可數名詞或不可數名詞用
and連接表示兩個不同的概念時,謂語動詞
用複數 ；兩個單數可數名詞用and連接,表
示同一人，物或同一個概念,或表示不可分
的整體時,謂語動詞仍用單數。
Tom and Jack were close friends.
Steam and ice are different forms of
water.
The singer and dancer is to attend our
evening party.
（2）every,each, many a等限定的名詞由
and連接時,謂語動詞仍用單數，
Many a teacher and( many a) student
has seen the film.
（3）一個單數可數名詞或不可 數名詞被幾
個用and連接的並列形容詞所修飾時,可以
指一件事或幾件事, 這種名詞作主語,要根
據意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單複數
形式。
English and American literature are
appealing to her.
Simple and plain living is a fine appeal-
ing to her.
（4） 由and連接的兩個從句作主語時,要
根據意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復
數形式 。
What he says and does do not agree
What he says and does does not
concern me.
（5）在含「名詞或代詞 +with, along
with, together with, as well as, rather
than, but, except或not等+名詞或代詞」
結構的句子中,謂語動詞的數應該和第一
個名詞。
Tom as well as two of his friends was
invited to the party.
Nobody but one teacher and three
students was in the laboratory.
（6）由兩部分構成的表示物體的名詞,
如 trousers, pants, glasses, shoes等作主
語時,謂語動詞常用複數形式。但如果這類
名詞前用了 a pair / pairs of來修飾,謂語
動詞的單複數往往取決於pair的單複數形
式。
These trousers need cleaning
This pair of trousers needs cleaning
The two pairs of trousers are mine.
（7）數詞與量詞(+名詞)作主語時的主謂
一致 用法表示時間、重量、距離、價格、
體積等名詞的複數作主語時,通常作整體看
待,後接單數謂語動詞。
Twenty years is a long time in one's life.
（8）「分數、百分數、half、the rest或
most+of+名詞」作 主語時,其謂語動詞需
與of後的名詞保持一致 。
About one third of the books are worth
reading.
Two thirds of the population in China
are/ is farmers.
（9）由「kind/form/type/sort+of+名詞」
作主語,其謂語形式取決於of前的這些詞的
單複數形式。
This type of buses is now on show.
Buses of this kind are now on show.
（10）a number of+名詞複數+謂語複數
形式(許多)；the number of+名詞複數+謂
語單數形式(…的數量)；the number of+
名詞單數+謂語動詞單數(……的號碼)。
A number of students are from the
south.
The number of students from the
north is small.
（11） a quantity of後既可接複數名詞,亦
可接不可數名詞。如果 a quantity of接不
可數名詞,則謂語動詞用單數形式;如果
a quantity of接複數名詞,則謂語動詞通常
要採用複數形式；quantities of後接複數名
詞、不可數名詞,後面的謂語動詞都用複數
形式。
There is a large quantity of milk.
A large quantity of books are on sale
now.
Great quantities of fish were caught on
the high seas.
With more forests being destroyed,
large quantities of good earth are being
washed away each year.
五、定語從句、強調句型, 倒裝句中的主
謂一致
1.定語從句中的主謂一致：定語從句中的
謂語動詞在人稱和數方面應該與其先行詞
保持一致
I am not the one who is afraid of
difficulty.
Don' t choose me, who am not fit for
this job.
This is one of the novels that have ever
been written by MoYan.
She is one of the girls who sing well in
class.
She is not the only one of the girls who
sings well in class
2. 在強調句型「It is/was+被強調部分+
that/who+其他部分」中,當被強調部分是
句子主語時,「其他部分」中的謂語動詞應
和被強調的主語保持一致
如 It is I who am a teacher.
It is the boys who are responsible for
the accident.
3. 倒裝句中的主謂一致:在倒裝句中謂語
動詞的數應與後面的主語保持一致
On the wall hang some pictures by
Picasso.
Such were the viewpoints of my
colleagues.