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In construction site, different types of cranes are used for certain jobs. So in today’s post we will be discussing in detail about the different crane types, their applications, advantages and disadvantages. So after reading the post you』d be at ease in selecting the type of crane perfect for your job needs.
在施工現場，不同的起重機被用於不同的施工作業。今天我們將詳細探討不同種類的起重機，以及它們的應用和優缺點。因此，閱讀完此篇文章後，您可輕鬆地選擇施工所需的起重機類型。crane：起重機，吊車
at ease：安逸，舒適，容易，輕鬆
application：應用，用途
advantages and disadvantages：優缺點
A crane is a hoist machine also termed as Derrick or Gantry. It comprises of pulleys and wires, and are operated hydraulically or electrically for lifting equipment by following the simple principles of mechanics and load equilibrium.
起重機是一種提升設備，也稱作"Derrick"或「Gantry」，它由一些滑輪和鋼絲組成，用簡單的機械原理和負載平衡，通過液壓或電氣運行來實現提升目的。hoist machine：提升機，起吊設備
derrick：起重機
gantry：門架，起重機架
pulley：滑輪，皮帶輪
hydraulically：液壓地，水壓地
electrically：電力地，電氣地
mechanics：機械學，力學
load equilibrium：負載平衡
Cranes were once operated by steam engines are now replaced with efficient and more productive hydraulic and electric engines. With better understanding of lifting mechanisms the hoist height and weight capacities have been increased considerably over recent decades.
起重機曾經由蒸汽機操作，如今被更加高效的液壓發動機和電動發動機所取代。近幾十年來，隨著對提升機構的進一步了解，起吊高度和承重能力有了很大提升。steam engine：蒸汽發動機
hydraulic engine：液壓發動機
electric engine：電動發動機
be replaced with (by)：被...取代
lifiting mechanism：提升機構
hoist height：起吊高度，提升高度
weight capacity：承重能力，承載重量
decades：數十年，幾十年
Telescopic crane has boom comprises of number of cylinders or tubes fitted one inside the other; when required these cylinders are extended by powering with the help of hydraulic mechanism. Because of telescopic cranes the height adjustment during hauling is now not a problem. Telescopic cranes are of heavy form of cranes to transport and maneuver objects from one place to another and are used for small scale construction projects and lifting at ports.
伸縮型起重機的起重臂由若干個液壓缸或液壓管一個套另一個的形式組成。需要時，這些液壓缸通過液壓機制驅動伸展。伸縮型起重機的運用使搬運過程中的高度調整不成問題。伸縮式起重機是一種重型起重機，負責將物體從一處轉運至另一處，常用於小型施工項目和港口的吊裝。telescopic crane：伸縮式起重機
boom：起重臂
(hydraulic) cylinder：（液壓）缸
(hydraulic) tube：（液壓）管
hydraulic mechanism：液壓機制
hauling：搬運，運輸
Gantry crane is a crane that is built overhead of a frame work called gantry and is used to span on an object or workspace. Gantry crane is sometimes also termed as overhead crane, portal crane or bridge crane.
龍門吊安裝在起重機架上，橫跨工作區域。也可用overhead crane、portal crane或bridge crane來表示。gantry crane：龍門吊，門式起重機
overhead crane：橋式吊車，高架起重機，行車，天車
portal crane：龍門吊，門式起重機
bridge crane：橋式起重機
Cranes were originally fixed to a position and before 1870 the crane was always expected to be a fixed element. But now we have mobile cranes that are mounted on carriers and trucks that are either crawlers or rubber-tired vehicles. Self-propelled models of mobile cranes are also being designed that need not to mount on any vehicle and have full-fledged capability of movement.
fix to a position：固定在一個位置上
fixed element：固定元素，固定裝置
mobile crane：移動式起重機，汽車吊
mount on：安裝在.之上
carrier：載體，運輸工具
crawler vehicle：履帶式運輸車
rubber-tired vehicle：橡膠輪胎式運輸車
Self-propelled：自行的，自推進的
Tower crane is always used for mega projects such as the construction of sky scrapers or dams etc. It basically has three major or basic parts: 1⃣️foundation or base, 2⃣️mast, 3⃣️slewing unit at the top.
The base is a concrete slab in which the bolts for the tower cranes are embedded for fixing the tower crane. Sometimes the tower crane is also attached to the sides of the structure. Mast is the tall tower between rotating slewing unit and the foundation. It consists of framed steel structures that are attached one after the other to achieve the required height as the construction progresses. Slewing unit is equipped with a motor and a gear with the help of which it can rotate when required.
基座為一塊預埋著塔吊螺栓的混凝土板，起固定塔吊的作用。有時塔吊也會固定在建築結構的側面。塔身是旋轉結構和基座之間的部分，由一個接一個的框架鋼結構組成，以便隨著施工進度調整塔吊高度。迴轉裝置配有一個電機和一個齒輪，吊臂可藉此旋轉。On the slewing unit three parts are attached: one is the operator’s cab and ahead of that is the long horizontal jib which is also termed as working arm. Behind the operator’s cab is the short counter-jib with which the counterbalancing weights are fixed following the basic principle of equilibrium.
迴轉裝置分三個部分：1⃣️駕駛室，2⃣️駕駛室前的長水平臂，也稱為工作臂，3⃣️駕駛室後面的短平衡臂，按照基本平衡原理將配重固定在短平衡臂上。tower crane：塔式起重機，塔吊
mega project：大型工程
foundation (base)：基礎，基座
mast：塔身
slewing unit：迴轉裝置
cab：駕駛室，操作室
horizontal jib：水平臂
working arm：工作臂，動臂
counter-jib：平衡臂
balance (counter) weight：配重
Truck mounted crane is a type of mobile crane. It is not self-propelled rather it is fixed / mounted on the truck. The booms are either stiff booms or knuckle boom that has a hinge at the mid for easy adjustment while reaching the length required. It is best suited for jobs where a delivery work along with loading and unloading work is to be done simultaneously.
隨車吊是汽車吊的一種，它非自行式，而是固定/安裝在卡車上，吊臂為固定式或轉向節式。轉向節臂中間有鉸鏈，以便調整吊臂長度。隨車吊最適用於貨物運輸和裝卸貨同時進行的作業。truck mounted crane：隨車吊，車載起重機
stiff boom：固定吊臂
knuckle boom：轉向節吊臂
floating crane：浮吊，浮式起重機
crane vessel：起重船
offshore construction：海上施工
salvage：打撈，海上救助
The crawler crane has an undercarriage that is fitted on a set of crawler tracks that provide the stability and mobility for accessing difficult terrains. It is a self-propelled crane and is equipped with either a lattice boom or a telescopic boom. Due to the crawler tracks it can work on areas where no work is done for stabilizing the surface. The stability makes it to operate without the use of outriggers.
履帶起重機的底盤安裝在一組履帶上，為進入困難地形提供穩定性和機動性。它是自行式起重機，配備有桁架吊臂或伸縮吊臂。履帶可使它在無法進行固定的表面工作，可以在不使用支腿的情況下運行。crawler crane：履帶吊
undercarriage：底盤
crawler truck：履帶
lattice boom：桁架吊臂
telescopic boom：伸縮吊臂
outrigger：支腿
以上為今天的分享內容，
歡迎大家討論補充。
✨英文原文來源於：
https://definecivil.com/types-of-cranes/
中文部分是Lilla翻譯
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