上一篇文章講解了虛擬語氣在非真實條件句和省略if的條件句中的用法。這篇文章講解虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法。全文5075字，乾貨滿滿。我是英語學圈，歡迎關注，帶你長知識。
1、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法
考點:在以it作形式主語的複合句中,主語從句常用虛擬語氣來表示「建議、命令要求、決定和主張」等,其謂語動詞的形式為「should+動詞原形」, should可以省略。這種主語從句常見的有以下三種情況:
(1)「It is/was+表語+主語從句」句型中,表語為形容詞。
常見的此類形容詞有: appropriate, advisable essential important, insistent, adamant(堅定的), imperative, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, better desirable, urgent, compulsory, vital.
It is essential that you (should) win the voters' hearts.
贏得選民的心是絕對有必要的。
It is necessary that he( should)return the book immediately.他必須馬上還書。
It is better that these figures should) be checked twice.這些數字最好核對兩遍。
It is desirable that the application (should) be sent as soon as possible.
把申請表儘快送去是可取的。
經典例題：It is important that committee _____about the project at once.
A. will be informed B. be informed
C. is informed D. being informed
[翻譯]應該立即向委員會報告項目的有關事宜,這很重要。
【精析】B在「It is importantessential...+主語從句」句型中,主語從句要用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞要用「should+動詞原形」的形式, should可以省略。本句中 inform committee之間是邏輯上的動賓關係,因此要用被動語態。故選B。
(2)「It is/was+表語+主語從句」句型中,表語為名詞。
常見的此類名: suggestion, advice, demand, requirement, wish, order, commmand等。
It was his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
他建議我們去北京觀光。
It is our demand that they(should) be questioned in public.
我們要求公開審問他們。
It is of great importance that you (should) be here on time.
你按時到達很重要。
It is my wish that they ( should) be invited.
我希望能邀請他們。
(3)主句的謂語中含有某些動詞的過去分詞。
常見的此類過去分詞有 desired, demanded, ordered, required等
It is required that middle school students (should)take exercise at least one hour every day.
中學生被要求每天至少進行一個小時的鍛鍊。
It was requested that the meeting (should) be cancelled.有人要求取消會議。
It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.
有人建議他參加俱樂部的活動。
經典例題:It is required that we _____the agreement right after the discussion.
A. should sign. be signed C. will sign D. signed
[翻譯]我們被要求在討論後立即籤署協議。
【精析】A。在「It is required/ demanded+主從句」句型中,主語從句要用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞的形式為「should+動詞原形」, should可以省略。另外,we和sign之間是邏輯上的主謂關係,所以應用主動語態。故選A。
2、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法
考點(1)在表示主張、命令、建議、要求等含義的動詞後的賓語從句中,從句一般應
用虛擬語氣,從句中謂語動詞用「should+動詞原形」的形式, should可以省略。
常見的此類動詞有: advise,ask, determine, deride demand, command, insist(堅持主張,堅決要求)propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, desire.
He insisted that the meeting(should) be put off.他堅持要求推遲那個會議。
They proposed that all the plans (should be discussed at the meeting.
他們建議所有的計劃都應該在會上討論。
He asked that he (should) be given an opportunity to explain his case.
他要求給他一次機會解釋一下他的情況。
經典例題：My mother insisted that we ____ our homework before 10 o'clock.
A.finished B. had finished C.finish D. was finishing
[翻譯]媽媽堅持要我們在10點之前完成作業。
【精析】C。當insist, suggest, order等表示「議、要求、命令」等含義的動詞後接賓語從句時,從句要用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞的形式為「 should+動詞原形」, should可以省略。根據句意可知,we和 finish為邏輯上的主謂關係,所以應用主動語態。故選C。
(2)在以it為形式賓語的賓語從句中虛擬語氣的用法。
在表示「看法」的動詞consider,eem, think等後以it為形式賓語的賓語從句中可以用虛語氣,其謂語動詞的形式為「should+動詞原形」, should可以省略。這一句型中使用的形容詞(賓補)與主語從句中使用虛擬語氣時的形容詞相同。
We think it advisable that he(should) think deeply before acting.
我們認為他在行動之前好好考慮一下是明智的做法。
consider it necessary that meeting(shouldbe held immediately.
我認為必須馬上召開會議。
The board deemed it urgent that these rules (should) be put into practice right away.
董事會認為這些規定應馬上實施。
I don't think it appropriate that Tim should be assigned to the job since he has experience. 我認為給蒂姆安排這個工作不合適,因為他沒經驗。
考點(3)動詞wish後跟的賓語從句中虛擬語氣的用法。
在wish後接的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞用were)表示對現在情況的假設謂語動詞用「had+過去分詞」的形式表示對過去情況的假設謂語動詞用 「would/could/might+動詞原形」的形式表示對將來情況的假設。
I wish it were spring now.我希望現在是春天。
My father wishes that he had gone to university.
我父親希望自己上過大學。
I wish could have been there last year. 我要是去年去過那裡就好了。
It is too rainy. wish the rain would stop soon.
雨下得太久了,我希望雨能快點停下來。
I wish that he would settle down here. 我望他能在這裡定居。
經典例題：I didn't go to the party, but I do wish I ______there.
A.were B. would be C. had been D. will be
[翻譯]我沒去參加聚會,但是我真希望我去那裡了。
【精析】C。wish後接的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣,從句使用的謂語動詞形式分為以下三種情形:謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞用were)表示對現在情況的假設;謂語動詞用「had+過去分詞」的形式表示對過去情況的假設;謂語動詞用「 would/could/might+動詞原形」的形式表示對將來情況的假設。根據句中的didntgo可知本句是對過去情況的假設,所以應選C。
考點：(4)would rather等後接的賓語從句中虛擬語氣的用法
在 would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon would prefer等後面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞應用過去式(be動詞用were)表示對現在或將來情況的虛擬;用「had+過去分詞」的形式表示對過去情況的虛擬,意為「寧願,但願」。
I would rather he didn't go now. 我寧願他現在不走。
I would rather you came next weekend.我寧願你下周末過來。
I would just as soon you had been here yesterday我寧願你昨天在這裡。
I would prefer you hadn't' had the chance.我寧願你沒有得到那次機會。
經典例題：-Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning?
-Well, I'd rather you ______.
A.don't B.didn't C.won't D.wouldn't
[翻譯]如果明天早晨我們早點出發,你介意嗎? 哦,我寧願你們不要這樣。
【精析】B。 would rather(寧願,寧可)後面常接省略that的賓語從句,如果表示與現在或將來的事實相反,從句謂語動詞應用過去式(b動詞用were);如果表示與過去的事實相反,從句應用過去完成時。根據句意和句中的 tomorrow morning可知,此處賓語從句表達的是與將來事實相反的假設,所以應用一般過去時。故選B。
3、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中的用法
考點：表示建議命令、主張、目的、計劃和願望等含義的名詞後的表語從句和同位語從句中常用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞應用「should+動詞原形」的形式, should可以省略。
常用的此類名詞有: decision, motion, suggestion, preference proposal, advice, recommendation，desire, demand，requirement, order, necessity, request, idea, resolution, pray等。
His proposal is that we( should ) get rid of bad habits.
他提議我們應摒棄不良習慣。
The doctor's advice is that the patient (should) keep quiet.
醫生建議病人保持安靜。
The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time.
提前兩天完成工作的命令傳來了。
He gave orders that the guests ( should ) be hospitably entertained.
他下令熱情款待這些客人。
經典例題：The order from the commander was that the troops______
to the front immediately.
A.went B. had gone C. would go D.go
[翻譯]指揮官命令部隊立即趕往前線。
【精析】D。當 suggestion, proposal, advice, request, order, command等表示建議、要求命等含義的詞後接表語從句或同位語從句時,從句常用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞要用「should+動詞原形」的形式, should可以省略。本題考查主語 order是時,其後接的表語從句中虛擬語氣的用法。故選D。
下一篇文章將詳細講解虛擬語氣在狀語從句和含蓄條件句中的用法，敬請期待。