原標題:北師大版|必修1所有重點單詞/短語/句型用法詳解!
暑假裡,進行英語預習/複習是很有必要的,正所謂「暑假先人一步,開學領跑一路」。今天,小簡老師給大家總結了北師大版必修一重點單詞、短語詳解,大家快抓緊時間學習吧!【文末還有高中全科電子課本+高中英語必修、選修音頻集合+3500核心詞彙音頻/視頻+45本英文電子書......共15G電子資源免費贈送!!快看如何領取】
1. relaxing.Relaxing 是由及物動詞relax+ing構成的形容詞,意思是「輕鬆的,令人放鬆的」。Boring和relaxing的構詞法相同,意思是「令人厭煩的,單調乏味的」。
Relaxed「放鬆的」和 bored「無聊的」常用來修飾人;而relaxing和boring均表示「令人……」,常修飾物。
Mary felt relaxed to make a relaxing conversation with a good friend, while Peter got bored with a lot of boring homework to do.和一個好朋友的輕鬆交談讓瑪麗感到很放鬆,而要做很多無聊的作業使彼得感到很厭煩。
The teacher said something relaxing to get him relaxed, so Peter decided to do something satisfying to make the tacher satisfied.老師對他說了一些讓人放鬆的事情使他放鬆,於是彼得決定做點兒令人滿意的事情讓老師滿意。
2.suppose(認為,猜想)的用法。
(1)suppose+that從句,表示「猜測,假定」。
I suppose that you are right.. 我想你是對的。
(2)supose+名詞/代詞+to be…表示「認為……是……」
Many people suppose him to be over 50.許多人認為他已經50多歲了。
(3)suppose/supposing作「假定,設想」講,相當於連詞if.
Suppose you are wrong,what will you do then? 假如你錯了,你將會怎樣做呢?
(4)be supposed to「被期望做……,應該做……」表示勸告、建議、義務、責任等,相當於情態動詞should.
Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是應該打掃所有房間呢還是只這一間?
They were supposed to be here an hour ago.
(5)用於簡略答語中。
-Do you think we』ll have good weather this weekend? 你認為周末天氣會好嗎?
-I suppose so/not. 我想會吧/我想不會。
3.Imagine.
(1)imaging sb. Doing sth. 想像某人做某事
I just can imagine him saying that! 我確實能想像到他那麼說!
(3)imagine sb./sth.(to be)認為某人/某事……
Don’t imagine your husband to be always wrong.
(4)imagine+that從句 想像,誤認為
Your can’t imagine he should make such a mistake.你不到他竟然犯了這樣的錯誤。
4.forty-three-year-old是複合形容詞,作定語,其中year不能用複數。
5.until到……(時間、地點)為止
He stayed here until twelve o』clock. 他在這裡一直待到十二點。
Until還可以作連詞。not…until…意思是「直到……才……」
He will not give you any answer until he has thought it over. 他對此事仔細考慮之後才會給你答覆。
6.與「開、關」有關的詞
(1)open/close/shut與door, window, box, book,eyes等連用
(2)switch on/off多與radio, TV, light, computer等連用
(3)turn on/off比switch on/off更通俗,多與radio, gas, water等連用。
7.while引導時間狀語從句,意思是「當……的時候,與……同時」,表示兩個動作同時進行或兩種狀態同時存在。
He was still studying while the others were sleeping.
While還可以表示「然而、卻」,連接兩個並列句,含有對比的意味。
Many people try their best to help the homeless while some just stand by.
很多人盡力於幫助那些無家可歸的人,而有些人只是袖手旁觀。
8.It takes sb. Some time to do sth.
It takes some time for sb. To do sth.
這兩個句型是固定句型,意思是「某人花費多少時間做某事」
9.「get+過去分詞」構成系表結構,通常強調動作的發生,也可指狀態的變化。此類結構還有:
get lost 迷路
get dressed 穿衣
get hurt 受傷
get paid得到報酬
get married結婚
10.動詞不定式作後置定語。當被修飾的名詞或代詞有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next, last only等限定詞時,要使用動詞不定式作定語。
I am always the first person to get to the office. 我總是第一個到辦公室。
Miss Brown is the last person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是最後一個站起來發言的人。
11.be filled with充滿著,相當於be full of
fill…up with用……裝滿,填滿
fill in填寫;度過(時光)
12.so+形容詞或副詞+that…引導結果狀語從句,意思是「如此……以至於……」
(1)so that=in order that
He works very hard so that he can buy his own apartment.他努力工作,為的是能買一套自己的公寓。
(2)such…that作「如此……以至於」講,連接一個表示結果的狀語從句。
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常誠實,因而受到了老師的表揚。
注意:如果後邊的名詞前由many, much,few, little等詞修飾的話,則不用such而用so.
13.complain to sb.about/of sth. 向某人抱怨/訴苦……
complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事
She is always complaining about something. 她總是滿腹牢騷
14.stress
lay/place/put stress on 把重點放在……上
15.take place與happen, occur的用法區別
take place:指按計劃、安排「發生」;「舉行,進行」,相當於hold
happen:指偶然、意外的「發生」;「碰巧」,後面接動詞不定式
occur作「發生」解,一般可與happen互換。Occur還表示「想起、想到」
It happened that the driver was his cousin. 那位司機碰巧是他的表弟。
When will the basketball game take place? 籃球賽何時舉行?
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
16.reduce…to 表示「減少到……」;其中介詞to表示「減少後的結果」
reduce…by表示「減少了……」;其中介詞by表示「減少的程度或幅度」
17.prefer sth./doing sth.更喜歡……
Prefer to do sth.. 寧願做某事
Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth.寧願……而不願……
Prefer sb. To do sth.. 寧願某人做某事
Prefer to do sth. rather than do 寧願……而不願……
18.volunteer作動詞,表「自願去做」常跟to do 不定式
The young man volunteered to help the old man. 那個年輕人主動去幫助那位老年人。
19. pay attention to…注意,留心,重視,
Draw/attract one’s attetion (to)引起某人的注意;使某人注意……
20.有關make sure的短語
(1) make sure that+賓語從句
注意:make sure 後面常接that引導的賓語從句,後接名詞時需加介詞of/about一般不用不定式,沒有make sure to do sth.的句型。
(2) be sure to do sth.務必/一定會做某事
(3) be sure of/about… be sure that+從句,表示肯定……,對……有把握
21.especially, specialy, particularly
especially:意為「尤其、特別地」。用來加強語氣,常用在所強調的主語、介詞短語、形容詞、副詞及狀語從句前。
specially:意這「特意的,專門地」。強調不廣泛,是專門為某一目的而進行的特地行為。
Particularly:=in particular「特別的,尤其」;表過某事不尋常、過分或特別重要。常用於修飾名詞、介詞短語。
22.as a result因此,結果
As a result of +n./pron. 由於……
23.come up with 提出,想出(計劃、主意等)
Come across偶然遇到
Come about發生,產生
Come out 發行;
Come true成真,變成現實
24. 「主語+be+said/thought/believed/supposed等+動詞不定式」句型表示「據說,人們說……」,相當於」It is/was+said/thought/believed/supposed等+that從句」
It is said that Sydney is beautiful.
25.make a difference:有關係,有影響
26.語法
1.一般現在時
構成和句式:
肯定式:主語+do/does 或be(me/is/are)+其他
否定式:主語+do/does+not或be(me/is/are)+not+其他
疑問式:Do/Does或Be(am/is/are)+主語+其他
用法:
(1)表示現在發生的動作或存在的狀態。
You look good in this new suit.
(2)表示經常性,習慣性的動作或存在的狀態。常與usually, often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never等連用。
I often feel cold at this time of year.
(3)表示普遍真理和客觀存在的事實。
But it is spring now. It is warm in spring.
(4)表示計劃、安排好的將來動作。常用表示位置轉移的動詞。如go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin等。
The train leaves a 3:30 p.m.
(5)在時間或條件狀語從句中,用一般現在時代替一般將來時。
We』ll go to the park if it does not rain tomorrow.
2.現在進行時
構成和句式:
肯定式:主語+ be(me/is/are)+doing+其他
否定式:主語+ be(me/is/are)not+doing+其他
疑問式:be(me/is/are)+主語+doing+其他
用法:
(1)表示正在時行的動作。
Peter, what are you doing there?
(2)表示現階段正在進行而此刻不一定進行的動作。
We are studying Spanish this semester.
(3)表示將要發生的動作, 一般跟時間狀語,表明動作發生的時間。常見的動詞有arrive, begin, come, go, leave,start, stay等。
He is leaving for London next week.
(4)表示發展中或正在改變的情況
The weather is getting colder and colder.
(5)現在進行時可與always, forever, continually, constantly等副詞喧囂用,表示反覆出現的或習慣性的動作,含有抱怨、讚嘆、厭倦等感情色彩。
He is always changing his mind.
(6)用於動詞hope, want, 和wonder等,表示一種比一般現在時態更委婉的證據。
I am wondering if you can lend me your bike.
3.一般將來時
構成及用法:
(1)「will+動詞原形」,常用來表示將來存在的狀態、將要發生的動作;還可表示一種沒有經過仔細考慮的主觀意圖,可能是在說的當時才作出的決定。
It will be my birthday in two days.
I will buy you a new car for your birthday.
(2)「be going to+動詞原形」:可以表示近期的打算,常用來表示事先已經決定或安排要做的事,常譯為「準備做……」或「打算做……」;還可以表示「有跡象表明或預示著……」。
How are you going to spend your weekend?
(3)現在進行時表示將來:現在進行時往往表示計劃好或準備要做的事。若用一些表示位置轉移的終止性動詞,如go, come,leave, start, begin, take等,則表示馬上要做某事。
I’m taking the kids to the zoo this Sunday.
(4)一般現在時表示將來:主要指嚴格按昭原定計劃、時刻表將要發生的事情;在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中,用一般現在時表示將來。
I will return your car I you remember to buy a new car for my birthday.
(5)「be to+動詞原形」表示將來:這種結構表示計劃中約定的或按職責、義務和要求必須做的事或即將發生的動作。
I am to do some shopping.
(6)「be about to+動詞原形」表示將來:這一結構表示眼下馬上要發生,不強調主觀,一般不能與具體的時間狀語連用。
Oh, the store is about to close.
27.clam的用法
calm down平靜下來
keep clam/remain calm保持冷靜
calm oneself down使自己鎮靜下來
詞彙辨析:
calm:平靜的,沉著的,指無風浪或人的心情不激動
You should keep calm even in face of danger.
quiet:寧靜的,安靜的。指沒有聲音、不吵鬧或心裡沒有煩惱、憂慮
Could you keep the kids quiet while I’m on the phone?
still:靜止的,不動的,指沒有運動或動作的狀態
Keep still while I brus your hair.
silent:寂靜的,沉默的,不出聲的。指沒有聲音或不講話。
He was silent for a moment, then began his answer.
28.generous慷慨的,大方的
be generous to sb.對某人寬容
be generous with sth.(用錢等)大方
It is/was generous of you to take so much interest in my work.
He is always generous with money when his friends turn to him for help.
29.句法與詞法
1.多個詞一起修飾一個名詞,其順序通常為:限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老,顏色國籍出材料,作用類別往後靠。
The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress for her daughter as a present.
In the middle of the room stands a beautiful round wooden table.
30.choose from:從……中挑選
choose…as…:挑選……作為……
31. 詞彙辨析:
separate:表示「將……與……分開」,指把原來連在一起或靠近的分隔開來
separate…from…把……和……分開
It’s impossible to separate belief from emotion.信仰和感情是分不開的。
divide:往往指把某個整體劃分為若干部分
divide…into…把……分成……
The world is divided into seven continents and four oceans.世界分成七大洲和4大洋。
32.because of…由於……,因為……
後面常跟名詞、代詞、動名詞。because是連詞,引導從句
He failed the final game because of his carelessness.
=He failed the final game because he was careless.
I come back because of the rain.
33.let out釋放,放開;洩露(秘密、消息等);發出(叫喊等);放寬,放大(衣服等)
They were let out of prison last month.
let alone更不用說
let down使某人失望
The baby can’t ever walk, let alone run.
I’m afraid she let us down.
34.millions of
當hundred, thousand, million, dozen等以單數形式存在時,其前常用表示具體數量的詞或several, some, many等修飾。
當hundred, thousand, million, dozen等以複數形式存在時,其後要加of,但前面不能用表示數量的詞修飾。
35.too…to…太……而不能……
在此結構中,too後面跟形容詞或副詞,to後面跟動詞原形
該結構還可以拓展為too…for sb. to…
(2)too…to…與never, not等連用時,也表示肯定意義。
It is never too late to mend.亡羊補牢未為晚也。
(3)a little, a bit, rather, a lot, all, much等都可以修飾too,表示不同的程度。Very, fairly, quite, pretty等詞不能用來修飾too.
Joan tried on the skirt. It was a bit too big for her.
36.be equal to……與……相等/平等
be equal to (doing) sth. 勝任(做)某事
37. struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事
struggle against 與……作鬥爭+反對的對象
struggle for為(爭取)……而鬥爭/奮鬥 +目的
struggle with (1)與……作鬥爭,(2)和……一起搏鬥
38.be content to do sth. 對(做) ……滿意
be content with sth.
39.重點語法
1.一般過去時
構成和句式:
構成:主語+動詞過去式或be(was, were)
句式:否定句not加在did或be後,疑問句把did或be提到主語前。
用法:
(1) 表過去某一時刻發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。
I visited the Water Cube a month ago.
(2)表示過去一段時間內經常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態。
We sometimes went to swim last summer.
(3)表示過去相繼發生的一系列的連續動作。
He got up, washed his face, and went to school by bus.
(6)在虛擬證據中表示現在或將來的情況,常和could, would等連用。
If I had time, I would go and visit you.
(7)和一般過去時連用的時間狀語有two weeks ago, yesterday, last week, the other day, during the night, in ancient times, once upon a time, in those days, earlier this month等。
Mr Smith came to see you just now.
2.過去進行時
構成和句式:
構成: waswere+doing
句式:否定句not加在be,疑問句把be提到主語前
用法:
(1) 表示過去某一時或過去某一階段內正在進行的動作。
I was watching the football match at this time yesterday.
(2)表示另外一個動作發生的時間背景。
It was snowing when they got to the top of the mountain.
(3)可與always, forever, continually, constantly等副詞連用,表示過去反覆出現的或習慣性的動作,帶有感情色彩。
She was always ringing me up when I was in London. (表示厭煩)
(4)go, come, leave, start, arrive等位移動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。
Nobody knew whether she was coming.
(5)和過去進行時連用的時間狀語有at that time, at this time last Sunday, at 2 o』clock yesterday afternoon, all morning, the whole night等。
What were you doing at this time last night?
40.get on 融洽相處,進展
He gets on well with his classmates.
get on well with也可以說成get along well with,後接sb.表示「與某人相處得好」;接sth.表示「某事進展如何」。
41.since then「從那以後」,相當於from then on,可以放在句子開頭或末尾。
Since then, he has developed another bad habit.
Since的基本用法
(1)prep. 「自……以來」,後面接名詞或名詞性短語,經常與現在完成時連用。
I have been there many times since the war.
(2)conj.「自……以後,自……以來」,後面接時間狀語從句,從句中一般用一般過去時,主句中用現在完成時。
Ten years has passed since I graduated form the university.
意為「因為,既然」,引導原因狀語從句。
Since you misunderstood Alice, you should say sorry to her.
42. look forward to sth.盼望……
43.so that以便於
(1)so that既可以表結果,也可表目的。
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.我租了一條船,為的是可以去釣魚。
(2)so...that...結構中,「so+形容詞/副詞」位於句首時,句子用倒裝結構。
So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.他工作那麼努力,幾乎不回家。
44.be keen on 喜歡;熱衷於
be keen (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事
I wasn’t keen on going to the party.我不太想去參加這次聚會。
I’m not keen to go again.我不太想再去了。
45.event/matter/affair/thing用法辨析
event:通常指具有很大影響、意義重大的事件或運動會的比賽項目。
matter:意為「事情,問題」,通常指遇到的意外麻煩或令人煩惱的「問題」。
affair:指已經發生或必須去做的事情,通常用複數形式表示「事物,事態」。
thing:意為「事情,東西」,指大事,小事,好事,壞事,但一般不用來指專門的事務。
The fashion show is an annual event.
What’s the matter with you today?
We should be concerned about state affairs.
To say is one thing but to do is another.
46.make progress取得進步,取得進展(常與good, great, rapid, no等形容詞連用)
Make progress in...在……方面取得進步
47語法:現在完成時
構成:
肯定式:have/has+過去分詞
否定式:have/has not+過去分詞+其他
疑問式:have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他?
I have already finished all the work.
I have not read this book before.
Have you finished your homework?
用法:
1.表示過去發生的動作對現在所產生的影響,句中常與already, just, yet, before, ever, never等副詞連用。
--Have you had lunch yet?
--Yes, I have. I』ve just had it.
2.從過去某時開始的動作、狀態一直持續到現在,常和for, since, so far, up to now, till now, in the past (last) few years...,this week (month, year...), all day, all this week等時間狀語連用。
Her life has run smoothly up to now.
He has been teaching here since 1981.
注意:一些短暫性動詞即含有終止或短暫意義的動詞,如begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive, join, marry等通常不和表示一段時間的狀語連用,需要時要用相應的表示延續狀態的動詞替換。
He has borrowed a book from the library.他已從圖書館借了一本書。
He has kept the book for a week.那本書他已借了一個星期了。
3.在時間或條件狀語從句中,現在完成時代替將來完成時,表示將來某個時刻之前已經完成的動作。
I shall go as soon as I have finished my lessons.我一完成我的功課就走。
Once you have promised ,you should keep it.你一旦許下諾言,務必遵守。
48.常用句型:
a.It is the first/second...time that...that從句要用現在完成時。
b.This is the+最高級+名詞+that...that從句要用現在完成時。
This is the best film that I』ve (ever) seen.
This is the first time (that) I』ve heard him sing.
注意:現在完成時和一般過去時的區別:
兩者都可表示過去發生過的動作,但前者表示的是過去的動作對現在的影響或有可能繼續下去,而後者則表示過去動作的事實或該過去動作現已終止。
I』ve lived here for ten years.我在這裡住了10年。(現在仍住這兒)
I lived here for ten years. 我在這裡住過10年。(現在不住這兒了)
如何免費領取資料包返回搜狐,查看更多
責任編輯: