非謂語動詞（一）——分詞
【基本概念】
1.對英語動詞的基本認識
英語中動詞的語法作用同漢語區別很大。動詞除了在句子中充當謂語之外，還常以非謂語的形式充當其他的句子成分。按照動詞是否充當謂語，我們可以把動詞分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞兩類。每一類動詞所包含的主要語法知識如下。
時態 （按高考要求共九個時態）
謂語動詞 語態 （主動語態和被動語態）
語氣 （陳述語氣和虛擬語氣）
主謂一致
動詞
動詞不定式
非謂語動詞 分詞 （現在分詞和過去分詞）
動名詞
非謂語動詞是指不充當謂語而做其他句子成分的動詞，凡是用作非謂語的動詞在形式上都要有所變化，以區別於謂語動詞。
2.分詞的語法作用
分詞分現在分詞和過去分詞兩類，具有形容詞和副詞的語法功能，在句子中可以充當表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。
例1：
The news that the Chinese team won the gold medal was very encouraging.
(P.51, Senior Book 2B)
句中的現在分詞encouraging充當句子的表語。
例2：
The people performing all play different instrument. (P.49, Senior Book2B)
Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death. (P.52, Senior Book2A)
現在分詞performing作後置定語，修飾the people; 過去分詞polluted作定語修飾rivers and lakes。
例3：
So he left France, preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him, and went to live in English. (P.57, Senior Book2B)
現在分詞短語 preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him 作狀語，表示he left France and went to live in England 的原因。
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. (P.14 Senior Book2B)
過去分詞短語well known for his expert advice 也充當狀語，表示原因。
分詞短語充當狀語時，其作用相當於一個狀語從句，因此都可以用狀語從句替代。Well known for his expert advice = Because he was known for his expert advice,顯然，按照修辭的標準衡量，分詞短語較狀語從句更為精練。
例4：
They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead.
(P.16, Senior Book2B)
I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall, but it is not fastened to that wire. (P.16 Senior Book2B)
The gate must be kept shut so that the animals do not escape. (P.53,Senior Book2A)
以上三句劃線的部分都是賓語補足語,其中第三句的shut在主動語態中是過去分詞做賓補,改為被動語態後,主動語態的賓語gate變為被動語態的主語,因此語法上稱之為 「主補」。賓語補足語是漢語所沒有的句子成分，然而卻類似於漢語中的兼語。在英語中，賓語同賓語補足語之間具有邏輯上的主謂或主表關係，這是理解賓語補足語時必須搞清的最基本的概念。第一句中的man是賓語，和賓語補足語lying on the floor之間具有邏輯上的主謂關係，man發出lying on the floor 的動作。第二句中it 是賓語，同賓語補足語fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall具有邏輯上的被動的主謂關係。
【關鍵知識】
學習分詞的知識只要抓住現在分詞同過去分詞的區別這一關鍵環節，其他問題便可迎刃而解。區別現在分詞和過去分詞的方法主要有兩點：
2.掌握主謂關係用現在分詞，動賓關係用過去分詞的基本原則。
①分詞做定語時，看分詞同它所修飾的名詞或代詞的關係。分詞所修飾的名詞或代詞同分
為主謂關係時，用現在分詞；分詞所修飾的名詞或代詞同分詞為動賓關係時，用過去分詞。
There are lots of good English language programmes broadcast on TV or the radio in China. (P.46, Senior Book1A)
過去分詞短語broadcast on TV or the radio in China 作定語修飾programmes, broadcast 同它所修飾的名詞programmes 具有動賓關係，即broadcast programmes on TV or the radio…，因此必須用過去分詞。
Two days later I received a letter offering me the job. (P.34-35, Senior Book2B)
現在分詞短語offering me the job是名詞letter的定語，offering同它所修飾的名詞letter具有邏輯上的主謂關係，如果將現在分詞短語轉換成定語從句，這種「主謂關係」則更為明確：Two days later I received a letter which offered me the job。
②分詞做賓語補足語時，看分詞同賓語補足語的關係。主謂關係用現在分詞；動賓關係用過去分詞。
You often see musicians performing in the streets. (P.54, Senior Book2B)
賓語musicians和賓語補足語performing 具有邏輯上的主謂關係，musicians發出perform 的動作，賓語補足語必須用現在分詞。
Although we may not realize it, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words. (P.14, Senior Book2A)
作賓語補足語的過去分詞understood同賓語ourselves 為動賓關係，即understand ourselves，此處的意思是「使我們自己被別人所理解」。
③分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語同句子的主語一致。據此，辨別現在分詞和過去分詞的區別要看分詞同句子主語的邏輯關係，主謂關係用現在分詞；動賓關係用過去分詞。
In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand; the left hand is not used at all. (P.14, Senior Book2A)
現在分詞短語 using the fingers of your right hand 作方式狀語修飾謂語動詞eat。之所以用現在分詞，是因為using 同句子的主語you 有邏輯上的主謂關係。換言之，句子的主語 you既發出謂語動作eat，又發出非謂語動詞using 所表示的動作。
Dr. Watson and I will spend the night locked in your room. ( P.15 Senior Book2B)
過去分詞短語locked in your room充當spend the night的方式狀語。lock 同句子的主語Dr. Watson and I的邏輯關係為動賓關係——「lock Dr. Watson and I in your room」。
分詞作狀語時同句子主語之間的邏輯關係較難理解，再看以下例句，注意分詞短語同句子主語之間的邏輯關係。
The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country, having lived such a hard life for so long, took up their guns and knives and began to kill the rich nobles. (P.58, Senior Book2B)
Considering that Charles would be sentenced to death, he went to a chemist’s shop and bought some special medicine. (P. 58 , Senior Book2B)
Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. (P.17, Senior Book2B)
The lady returned home, followed by Mr. Holmes and Dr. Watson. (P.17, Senior Book2B)
3.分詞作表語時，區別現在分詞和過去分詞的兩種方法。
①分詞作表語時，現在分詞表示主語的特徵；過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態。
The temperature is –15°C. It is freezing outside. ( P.51, Senior Book2B)
現在分詞freezing作表語，表示主語「天氣」的特徵。
Children are afraid of the stone figures in the temple which look so frightening. ( P.51, Senior Book2B )
which代表先行詞the stone figures 的含義，在定語從句中作主語。frightening是系動詞look的表語，表示主語the stone figures的形象特徵。
One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted. (P.52, Senior Book2A )
過去分詞polluted作表語，表示地中海沿岸的四分之一受汙染的狀況。
②surprise, excite, interest, frighten, worry, please, 等動詞具有共同的特點，他們的意思都是「使……（人）…怎麼樣」。這類動詞充當表語時區別現在分詞或過去分詞的方法比較簡單：如果主語是表示「人」的詞語，表語用過去分詞；主語是表示「事」或「物」的詞語，表語用現在分詞。
We were getting very worried. (P.61, Senior Book2A )
「The lion! It must be the lion from the zoo!」 Mrs. Cousins was frightened. (P.69, Senior Book2A)
以上兩句的主語分別是 「we」和 「Mrs. Cousins」，表語用過去分詞worried 和frightened。
The news that the Chinese team won the gold medal was very encouraging. (P.51, Senior Book2B)
主語是表示「事物」的詞語the news，表語用現在分詞encouraging。
【相關知識及其運用】
在語言實踐中，我們還會遇到許多關於分詞使用的具體疑難問題。以下選用高考試題或各地模擬試題為例，集中討論一些常見的語言現象。
1.現在分詞被動式同過去分詞的區別
現在分詞同過去分詞的基本區別可見下表。
時間概念 語態概念
現在分詞 進行或與謂語動作同時 主動概念
過去分詞 完成 被動概念
但現在分詞被動式being done也表示被動，在語態概念上與過去分詞相同，因此區別就只在於時間概念了。
Most of the people ______ to the party were famous scientists. (1987年高考試題)
A. invited B. to invited
C. being invited D. inviting
試題分析：試題意圖是考察分詞作定語的知識，句子主語的漢語意思為「受到邀請出席晚會的大多數人」。選項 A、C均表示被動，區別在於invited表示「已經受到邀請出席晚會」；being invited表示「正在受到邀請出席晚會」。句子是一般過去時，因此答案為A。
2.分詞作定語同不定式作定語的區別
不定式作定語在時間概念上表示「將要」，這是他們之間最根本的區別。
The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. ( 1994年高考試題)
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
試題分析：選項A為現在分詞完成式，同其所修飾的主語textbooks具有邏輯上的動賓關係，沒有被動形式，不可能考慮；選項B為不定式的被動式，在時間概念上表示將來，與句子的時態不符，必須排除；選項C為現在分詞被動式，在時間概念上表示「進行「，不能滿足試題要求；選項D written既表示被動又表示完成，切合試題要求，是正確答案。
3.介詞with後的賓語補足語
介詞with具有一般介詞都不具備的語法功能，with後面可以帶「賓語+賓語補足語」的結構。
In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. (P.14, Senior Book2A)
介詞後的賓語補足語同動詞後的賓語補足語沒有區別，在試題中只要善於識別便不難理解，
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back. (1991年高考試題)
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
答案為D。
下面一道試題具有一定難度。
With his son ______, the old man felt unhappy. (北京西城區試題一)
A. to disappoint B. to be disappointed
C. disappointing D. being disappointed
試題分析：賓語補足語如果選用被動式，意思為「他的兒子自己感到失望」；如果選擇現在分詞，意思為「他的兒子令別人感到失望」。正確答案為C。
4.分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語問題
分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須同句子的主語一致；如果不一致，需在分詞前加一個邏輯主語，分詞和它的邏輯主語合稱獨立主格結構。關於分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語問題，在試題中可以看到各種不同的命題技巧。
The key______，she went through her handbag carefully.（2000年長沙模擬試題）
A. hadn’t been found B. having not been found
C. not having been found D. wasn’t found
試題分析：選項A、D均為謂語形式，選擇其中的任何一項前半部分便成為一個分句，與後面的分句必須使用連詞。以表示前後分句的邏輯關係，因此全部排除。選項B是現在分詞的完成被動式，凡非謂語動詞的否定形式，not必須加在最前面，因此也應排除。not having been found同其邏輯主語the key構成獨立主格結構，作原因狀語。本試題中句子的主語 she不能充當分詞的邏輯主語。
______ you should have no trouble with the difficult work. (北京崇文區統一練習一)
A. Knowing this B. If you are knowing this
C. From knowing this D. If you have knowing this
試題分析：分詞作狀語時一般都可以轉換為狀語從句。本試題的選項B、D作為條件狀語從句，時態不正確，應該排除。選項A 的knowing this 的邏輯主語同句子的主語一致，符合要求，為正確答案。
Written in a hurry, ______ . How can it be satisfactory? (2001年廣州市綜合測試一)
A.they found many mistakes in the report
B.Sam made lots of mistakes in the report
C.There are plenty of mistakes in the report
D.The report is full of mistakes
試題分析：這時一道非常典型的試題。四個選項均為完整的句子，初看起來似乎不容易領悟試題的意圖。其實，本題的意圖仍然是考察分詞作狀語的知識。抓住試題意圖就容易產生正確的思路——哪個句子的主語能夠同過去分詞written的邏輯主語一致。沿著這個思路向前走，不難想到the report was written in a hurry, 試題的答案不言自明。
5.現在分詞作賓語補足語時同不定式作賓語補足語的區別
動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe等可以用不帶to 的不定式作賓語補足語，也可以用現在分詞作賓語補足語，但意思有區別。不定式作賓語補足語表示動作的全過程已經完成；現在分詞作賓語補足語表示動作在謂語動作發生的瞬間正在進行。
The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. (1994年高考試題)
A. playing B. to be playing
C. play D. to play
試題分析：本試題意在考查分詞作賓語補足語的知識，試題使用被動語態使我們不容易意識到試題的意圖。「這些丟失的孩子們最後被看到的瞬間正在河邊玩」，句子的意思決定了只能選擇playing作賓語補足語。如果選擇play，則表示動作業已完成，與試題的意思不符。
非謂語動詞（二）——動名詞
【基本概念】
1.現行高中教材中將動名詞和現在分詞統稱為-ing形式。這樣處理英語傳統語法項目的初衷是簡化語法術語、淡化語法概念，讓學生更多地通過語感掌握其用法。然而，在教學實踐中卻遇到了另外一些不好解決的問題。其一，取消了「現在分詞」的概念之後，增加了「現在分詞和過去分詞的區別」這一關鍵知識的教學難度：其二，混淆動名詞和現在分詞的概念使得屬於動名詞範圍的一些細節問題的教學不容易開展，如動名詞做賓語的問題、分詞和動名詞的邏輯主語問題等。
現在分詞和動名詞都可以做定語和表語，概念卻有所不同。遇到這些問題完全可以採取淡化或者迴避的辦法，就如同我們很少強調形容詞做定語、表語同名詞做定語、表語的區別一樣。學生能夠領悟其中的區別更好，不能理解也無關緊要。
2.動名詞在書寫形式上同現在分詞相同，但語法概念和語法功能各異。動名詞具有名詞的語法作用，在句子中主要充當主語和賓語。
例1：動名詞做主語
Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable. (P.16, Senior Book2A)
Checking information is very important. (P.20, Senior Book2A)
Doing this can save a lot of time and money. (P.20, Senior Book2A)
Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me. (P.22, Senior Book2A)
例2：動名詞做賓語
After a short while he started directing films himself. (P.26, Senior Book2A)
Disney stopped drawing and watched the mouse. (P.2, Senior Book2A)
例3：動名詞做介詞的賓語
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. (P.3, Senior Book 1B )
after在句中為介詞，動名詞opening 做介詞的賓語，形容詞性物主代詞its是動名詞的邏輯主語。
The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child. (P.38, Senior Book2)
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. (P.35, Senior Book2B)
having been 是動名詞being的完成式，做介詞for 的賓語。
【關鍵知識】
動名詞一章的關鍵知識是動名詞做賓語同不定式做賓語的區別。這種區別根據「約定俗成」的原則成為語法規則，因此沒有過多的道理可講。牢牢記住這些規則，在語言實踐中能夠熟練地運用，便是最好的學習方法。
1.下列動詞只能用動名詞做賓語， 不能用不定式：suggest, finish, enjoy, practise, miss, avoid, require, delay, excuse, pardon, consider, deny, escape, can’t help, risk 等。
Besides, I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music. (P.22, Senior Book2A)
Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. (P.25, Senior Book2A)
2.一些動詞後用動名詞做賓語和用不定式做賓語意思不同。
①remember, forget, regret後用動名詞做賓語表示已經發生過了的動作；用不定式做賓語表示將要發生或尚未發生的動作。
remember to do 表示記住要去做某事；remember doing表示記得曾經做過某事。regret doing表示後悔做了某事；regret to say (tell)表示遺憾地說（告訴）。
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh, I forgot ______. (1991年全國高考試題)
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案為 C。句子的意思是「我剛才忘記了關燈」，「關燈」的動作沒有發生。
---- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---- Well, now I regret ______ that. （1995年全國高考試題）
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done
答案為D。having done是動名詞doing的完成式，表示該動作先於謂語動作，句子的意思是「後悔在會議上提出反對意見」。
②try to do 表示「設法做」（克服困難、障礙努力做）；try doing表示「試著做」（對結果沒有把握，嘗試去做，看看是否可以）。
The little time we have together we try ______ wisely. (上海市1995年高考試題)
A. spending it B. to spend it
C. to spend D. spending that
the little time we have together是spend的賓語，前置以示強調。正確的答案為C。
③like (love) to do 表示具體的一次性動作；like (love) doing表示傾向性的動作。
Little Tom should love ______ to the theatre this evening. （1992年全國高考試題）
A. to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taken
答案為A。時間狀語暗示了應該考慮「一次性動作」。本試題中little Tom和謂語動詞take(帶領)為動賓關係，必須注意被動概念的使用。
④動詞need的用法同動名詞做賓語有密切的關係。
a)當主語是表示「人」的詞語時，need 的賓語用動詞不定式的一般式，這時不定式同句子的主語也是主謂關係。
Right now you need to stay still until help comes. ( P.43, Senior Book2B)
但是，也有少數句子need的賓語同句子的主語構成動賓關係，這時need的賓語可以用動名詞或不定式的被動式：
The patient will need looking after.
b)當主語是表示「事」或「物」的詞語時，主語同need往往為動賓關係。這時，用need to be done或need doing 均可，但要注意need doing 是用動名詞的主動式表示被動的概念。
These shoes need repairing.
These shoes need to be repaired.
You have come just in time to help us.」
「Fine. What needs ______?」 (1985年廣東高考試題)
A. I do B. done
C. to be done D. to do
答案為C。what是句子的主語，表示事物。
⑤stop to do 和stop doing 的語法結構不同，因此意思也就不同。stop doing中的doing 是動名詞做賓語，表示stop動作的對象，意思為「停止做某事」。Stop to do 中的不定式to do 是目的狀語，表示「停止正在做的事的目的是要做某事」。
"Let's have a break."
"Not now. I don't want to stop ______ yet." （1985年廣東高考試題）
A. study B. to study
C. for studying D. studying
答案為 D。
⑥mean doing 的意思是「意謂著」、「就是」。
I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in the office.(P.13, Senior Book2B)
Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
mean to do 的意思是「意欲做……」或「打算做……」。
What do you mean to do?
【相關知識及其運用】
1.動名詞的邏輯主語
動名詞的邏輯主語表示動名詞所代表的動作是誰做的。動名詞邏輯主語規範的表達形式是：①無生命的內容用名詞的一般形式。②有生命的內容如果是名詞，用該名詞的所有格；如果是代詞，則用形容詞性物主代詞。
He has always insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.
譯文：他總是堅持讓別人稱呼他特納博士而不是特納先生。
his 是動名詞being called的邏輯主語，但同call 構成被動關係。如果是主動關係應為call him Dr. Turner。
再看下列兩道試題：
They insisted on ______ a thorough rest before going back to work.
A. him to take B. he took
C. his taking D. his taken
答案為C。
______ made her mother very angry.
A. Helen’s married Jack B. Helen has married Jack
C. Helen marrying Jack D. Helen’s marrying Jack
答案為 D。
2.動名詞的完成式
所有非謂語動詞的完成式都表示非謂語動作先於謂語動作，動名詞的完成式也不例外。
Tony was very unhappy for ______ to the party. （2000年上海市高考試題）
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
答案為 D。having been invited是動名詞的完成被動式，表示否定的not必須放在動名詞結構的最前面。
3.動名詞的被動式
動名詞的被動式同現在分詞的被動式相同----being done。 動名詞被動式的使用主要看動名詞和句子主語的邏輯關係：主謂關係用主動式，動賓關係用被動式。
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need. （1996年上海市高考試題）
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
can’t help 後必須用動名詞做賓語，persuade 同句子主語people具有邏輯上的動賓關係，因此答案C正確。
He dare not go home for fear of ______ .
A. punishing B. punished C. being punished D. to be punished
正確答案為C。
4.動名詞做介詞賓語時應注意的問題
動名詞做介詞的賓語一般情況同做動詞的賓語沒有區別。應注意的是，下列短語中的to不是動詞不定式的符號，而是介詞，因此如果需要使用動詞的非謂語形式，必須使用動名詞。
look forward to 盼望、預期 be (get) used to 習慣於
object to 反對 devote…to 獻身於、專心於
get down to 認真著手進行、認真處理
They have just come here to get down to repairing the road.
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
Do you object to my closing the window?
非謂語動詞（三）——不定式
【基本概念】
不定式是動詞的非謂語形式之一，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的性質，在句子中可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。
使用不定式時，大多數情況下要帶有不定式的符號「to」，少數情況不用「to」。
1.不定式做主語。
不定式做主語時，通常使用形式主語。而將做主語的不定式放在句子的後面。
I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it. (P.25, Senior Book3)
How long will it take you to complete the trip? (P.9, Senior Book2B)
2.不定式做賓語。
I have decided to take a lot of cabbage in vinegar. (P.7, Senior Book3)
Agriculture first started about 10,000years ago, when people began to grow crops in the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt, in the Middle East and in India. （P.20, Senior Book3）
不定式做賓語時也有使用形式賓語的問題，但必須同時具備兩個條件：①有賓語補足語。②賓語是動詞不定式短語或賓語從句。
The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space. (P.10, Senior Book2B)
以上句子中，it為形式賓語；difficult為賓語補足語；不定式短語to get a clear picture of space是真賓語。
3.不定式做表語
It has been proved that the way to produce the most food is to let farmers grow crops either to feed their family or to sell. (P. 22, Senior Book3)
A better method is to take waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down. (P.32. Senior Book3)
4.不定式做定語
…but it is thought that 500 million people in the world do not have enough to eat, which is about one in ten. (P.20, Senior Book3)
Farmers have the right to sell their crops to the EU. (P.22, Senior Book3)
5.不定式做狀語
Third, a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants. (P. 20, Senior Book3)
本句中的to grow plants是has become too salty的結果狀語。
Various things can be done to increase the food supply in the world. )P.20, Senior Boo9k3)
to increase the food supply in the world是目的狀語。
不定式表示目的極為常見。有時為了強調目的,可以用in order to或so as to ；有時將不定式短語置於句首也是表示目的常見用法。
Cook went up and down the river in order to chart all the dangerous rock. (P.8, Senior Book3)
The lion looked at her as she swung the pork in her hand so as to attract the lion’s attention. (P.69, Senior Book2A)
To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young. (P.50, Senior Book3)
To do that, it must find a place where it can keep fairly warm; and it must be a place where its enemy cannot find it. (P.68, Senior Book3)
only to do 是不定式做結果狀語的典型用法，這種「結果」往往是預想不到的。
Yesterday I went to see him only to find he had been away on business.
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
6.不定式做賓語補足語
不定式做賓語補足語時有兩種情況：絕大多數做賓語補足語的不定式用帶to的動詞不定式；動詞see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, have, make, let後做賓語補足語的不定式主動語態時必須用不帶to的不定式；改為被動語態又必須用to 。
What stores do you want me to order? (P.7, Senior Book3)
But Cook ordered the crews to throw over the side of the ship guns, iron balls, pots and chains and even stores to raise the boat in the water. (P.10, Senior Book3)
And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future. (P.1, Senior Book1B)
I read about you in the newspaper and decided to come and hear you play. (P.68, Senior Book2B)
下面的例子是1991年的高考試題，試題的意圖便是考查不帶to的不定式變為被動語態時的用法。
John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
答案為A。
【相關知識及其運用】
1.不定式的進行式
當謂語所表示的動作或狀態發生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進行，這時要用不定式的進行式。
They are said to be building another bridge across the Changjiang River.
He pretended to be doing his homework carefully when his mother came in.
2.不定式的完成式
同其他非謂語形式一樣，不定式的完成式表示不定式的動作先於謂語動作。
I’m sorry to have done that, I didn’t mean to be so rude. (P.43, Senior Book3)
Between 1850and 1910 the bison population is thought to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred. (P.75, Senior Book3)
3.不定式的被動式
當不定式的邏輯主語同不定式具有邏輯動賓關係時，不定式要用被動式。
But some people don’t want good farmland to be built on. (P.25, Senior Book2B)
good farmland是句子的賓語，to be built on是賓語補足語，賓語和賓語補足語之間總是具有邏輯上的主謂或主表關係。因此，good farmland是不定式to be built on 的邏輯主語，同時它們又具有邏輯動賓關係，不定式必須同被動式。
He has asked to be introduced to the pianist. (P.68, Senior Book2B)
不定式短語to be introduced to the pianist的邏輯主語是句子的主語he，同時he同introduce又有邏輯上的動賓關係，因此用被動式。
不定式的被動式是個比較複雜的問題。尤其是當不定式同形容詞配合使用時很容易造成理解上的困難。下列句子中的不定式通常不用被動式。
①The question is difficult to answer.
②The shirt is too small to wear.
③I find English easy to learn .
①、②兩句中的不定式短語都可以加入邏輯主語，如for me一類，③句中不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。
4.不定式與疑問詞連用
不定式與疑問詞連用，其作用相當於一個名詞性從句，可充當句子的主語、賓語和表語。
I’m not sure whether to go to the one about accidents. (P.1, Senior Book3)
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. (P.32, Senior Book3)
The problem is how to feed a growing world population of over 6 billion. (P.20, Senior Book3)
As soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get down to work. (P.20, Senior Book2A)
5.不定式做定語時的有關問題
不定式做定語時可以分為兩類：
①不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式的邏輯主語。
China is the first countries in the world to study the science of farming. (P.38, Senior Book 1B)
不定式短語修飾the first countries，同時the first countries又是to study the sciences of farming的邏輯主語。
②不定式同他所修飾的名詞具有邏輯動賓關係，如果不能確立動賓關係或不定式為不及物動詞，必須使用介詞。
Years of hard work, very little food, only a small room to live in and never a moment’s rest. (P.13, Senior Book1B)
She had little money to live on. (P.3, Senior Book3)
I really don’t know what topic to write about. (to write about what topic)
Would you please give me a pen to write with? (to write with a pen)
不定式做定語時，被動的概念應給予格外重視。通常的情況是不定式動作的執行者就在句子中。以上述三個句子為例，to live on的執行者是she；to write about 的執行者是I；to write with的執行者則是me。因此，以上三句中的不定式都用主動式。
在句子中沒有不定式動作執行者的情況下，不定式所修飾的名詞即為不定式的邏輯主語。如果不定式同它的邏輯主語為動賓關係，則用不定式的被動式。
The action to be taken is correct.
下列試題的意圖便是考查這個問題。
--Have you got anything ______ there?
--No, I will go there myself. Thank you just the same.
A. to be taken B. been taken
C. taken D. to take
句子的主語you不是take 的邏輯主語。根據句子的意思，take的邏輯主語應該是說話者自己，因此必須用被動式的被動式。答案為A。
在 there be句型中，不定式做定語極為常見，但使用不定式的一般式和被動式意義不同。不定式的一般式表示「會有人去做……」，通常可根據上下文在不定式前加一個邏輯主語。
There are plenty of interesting places（for you） to visit. (P.33, Senior Book1B)
There was nowhere (for anybody) to hide. (P.58, Senior Book3)
Here is a game to play. (P.33, Senior Book3)
如果使用不定式的被動式，則表示說話人著重強調不定式所修飾的名詞，不考慮不定式所代表的動作由誰做，且整個句子往往含有情態意義。
There is nothing to be gained by pretending.
= Nothing can be gained by pretending.
There is a lot of work to be done.
= A lot of work has to be done.
6.不定式的邏輯主語問題
不定式的邏輯主語表示不定式動作的執行者，通常由介詞for加名詞、名詞性詞組或賓格代詞構成，置於不定式符號to之前。
Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the Union. (P.50, Senior Book1A)
It was easy for them to carry a guitar on their travel. (P.42, Senior Book1A)
在「It is +形容詞」結構的句子中，不定式的邏輯主語可能用介詞for ,也可能用介詞of。當這個形容詞同不定式的邏輯主語構成邏輯上的主表關係時，介詞用of，否則就用for。
①Is is very kind of you to give me so much help.
= You are very kind to give me so much help.（不定式的邏輯主語you可以同形容詞kind構成邏輯上的主表關係，介詞用of）
②It is important for us to learn English well.
不定式的邏輯主語us不能同important構成邏輯上的主表關係，因此用for。
非謂語動詞解題思路
非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，學生常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解並掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕鬆。我們先來看看非謂語動詞的各種變化形式。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式後，做題時可分四步分析。
一、分析句子結構
1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. ________many times, he still couldn't understand it.
A. Having been told B. Told
C. He was told D. Though he had been told
3. ________to the left, you'll find the post office.
4. If you ________to the left, you'll find the post office.
5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office .
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
分析：句1. 用連詞but 引導並列句子，因此，前面也是個獨立句子成分，故選C。
句2. 句中用逗號隔開，且無連詞引導，因此，前面不是句子結構，只是句子的一個成分，故選A，用非謂語動詞作狀語。
句3. 同句2，選A 。
句4. 前面用if 引導從句，故選C ，構成從句謂語。
句5. 同句1，選C。
二、分析邏輯主語
確定要選非謂語動詞之後，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。
1. ________no buses, we have to walk home.
A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
分析：句1. 表示「沒有公共汽車」，應用「there be」結構，即邏輯主語是「there」，故選A 。
句2. 同理選D。
三、分析語態
分析語態就是在確定邏輯主語之後，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關係。
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
這兩個題選項中的非謂語動詞都沒有加自己的邏輯主語, 因此其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。
分析：句1. 「地球」被「看起來」，表被動，故選A，用過去分詞表被動。
句2. 我們「主動看……」即表主動，故選B。
3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. ______ the dirty clothes, the girl hung them up outside.
A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed
分析：句3. 前面應用非謂語動詞作句子的狀語，邏輯主語是「the dirty clothes」，和動詞搭配表示「衣服被洗」，故選B。
句4. 邏輯主語為句子的主語「the girl」，表示「女孩洗衣服」，為主動關係，故選D。
四、分析時態，在選定了主動或被動後，還要考慮動作發生的時間問題，即時態。
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B. to be built
C. being built D. built?
句1中 now 說明大樓正在被修，故用進行式，選C。
句2中next year 說明大樓將在明年被修，故用表將來的不定式，選B。
句3中 last year 說明大樓已被修，但不能選，因為現在分詞的完成式不能作定語，故用過去分詞，選D。
又如：
1. He stood there ______for his mother .
2. ______for two hours , he went away .
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited
句1表示「站在那等」，兩個動詞同時發生，故選A作伴隨狀語。
句2表示已經等了兩個小時，發生在謂語動詞「went away 」之前，故用完成式，選D 。
需要注意的是，非謂語動詞的否定也是常考的項目，要認清否定形式，非謂語動詞的否定都應將not 放在前面。
如：
What is the reason for ______there?
A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go?
鞏固練習:
1. ______won't be of much help. (A)
A .Tom's going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes
2. They managed _____the meeting room before the guests arrived. (C)
A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning
C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean?
3. We must find a room big enough _____. (B)
A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live in
C. to live in all of us D. of all of us to live
4. _____a teacher , I should set a good example to students . (A)
A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. As I being
5. _____a teacher, one must first be their pupil. (C)
A. Being B. Having been? C. To be D. To have been
6. It was stupid _____ your advice. (C)
A. for me not to take B. for me not taking
C. of me not to take D. of me not taking
7. The teacher told him to speak louder _____by, everybody. (A)
A. so as to be heard B. so as to hear
C. in order that heard D. in order to hear?
8. They suggested _____ the sports meet till next Tuesday. (B)
A. us to put off B. our putting off
C. us of putting off D. our put off
9. The doctor gave me some medicine, _____ three times a day before meals. (C)
A. to take B. to be taking C. to be taken D. I took it
10. Thanking them for their kindness, he said that the old lady really appreciated _____by them. (D)
A. visiting B. visited? C. to be visited D. being visited
11. _____made her parents very angry . (B)
A. Jane's engaging Black B. Jane's being engaged to Black
C. Jane having engaged to Black D. Jane has engaged to Black
12. Don't you think it any good_____ in public places? (B)
A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smoking
C. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke
13. China is a _____ country and we should introduce _____ science and technology from the _____ countries. (B)
A. developed; advanced; developed B. developing; advanced; developed
C. developing; advancing; developing D. developed; advancing ; developing
14. _____, the work can be done much better . (C)
A. Given more time B. We had been given more time
C. More time given D. If more time had given
15. _____from space, the earth , with water _____seventy percent of its surface , looks like a "blue ball". (D)
A. Seen; covered B. Seeing; covering
C. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering
16. People always shake hands with each other when _____. (C)
A. to introduce B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing
17. _____, tears ran down her pale face. (A)
A. No word said B. Say no word?
C. Not saying a word D. Without saying a word?
18. Tigers _____ meat -eating animals, _____meat. (A)
A. belonged to; fed on B. belonging to; feed on
C. were belonged to ; feed on D. belonging to ; feeding on
19. We must take measures to prevent our earth _____. (C)
A. to be polluted B. from polluting
C. from being polluted D. from polluted
20. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _____ on the ground. (C)
A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain.
非謂語動詞基礎訓練1
I．
1. He was in low spirits and even consider _____(go ) away. (going )
2. Practise _____( put ) your hand to the ground.( putting)
3. I can’t help ______( have ) the trip to Britain.( having)
4. Don’t tell me you always escape _____( fine) because you have a fast sports car.(being fined)
5. Leave off ______(bite) your nails! (biting)
6. He didn’t feel like ______( work ), so he suggested _____( spend ) the day in the garden.(working, spending)
7. You certainly mustn’t miss _______( see ) the wonderful film. (seeing)
8. The doctor advised ______( stay ) longer in hospital.(staying)
9. We appreciate your ______( want ) ______( help ) us in our difficulties.(wanting to help)
10. Michael has delayed ______( write ) to her till today. (writing)
11. The law forbids ______( sell )liquor to children.(selling)
12. They all suggested ______( give ) more chances. (giving)
13. Can you imagine ______( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.(leaving)
14. They built the banks to prevent the area from ______( flood).(being flooded)
II．
1. I used to see these boys ____ (play) on the playground. (Play)
2. I saw them _____ (play) the computer this afternoon. (playing)
3. She was surprised to find the house _____( break ) into when she went back home.(broken)
4. Unfortunately, he got his wallet _____ (steal) on the bus. (stolen)
5. He won’t have us _____( criticize ) him.(criticize)
6. It’s a bad habit to leave the work ______ (undo). (undone)
7. Yesterday I caught him _____ (take) my dictionary when I went into the
classroom. (Taking)
III．
1. Do you know the man _____ (speak) at the meeting? (speaking)
2. Do you know the man _____ (praise) at the meeting? (praised)
3. The building _____ (put) up just now is our library. (put)
4. The building _____ (put) up now will be our new company. (being put)
5. The building _____ (put ) up next year will be our new company.( to be put)
6. There was an old temple _____ (stand) at the top of the hill. (standing)
7. There is a sports meeting _____ (hold) next Tuesday.(to be held)
8. There was an old man ______ (live) in the village. (living)
IV.
1._____ (see) those picture, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan』an. (Seeing)
2._____ (turn) round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up.( Turning)
3_____ (water) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples. (Having watered)
4._____ (finish) the work, he went back home on foot.(Having finished)
5._____ (inspire ) by Dr. Chen’s speech, they decided to study maths harder.(Inspired)
6._____ (persuade) by her mother, she gladly went there alone. (Persuaded)
7. Warmly _____ (praise) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep. (praised)
8._____ (surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up. (Surrounded)
9. Once _____ (arm), we are afraid of nothing.(armed)
10. While _____ (cross) the street, look out for cars. (crossing)
11. While_____( criticize ),she cried.(criticized)
12. She came earlier than _____ (expect). (expected)
13. Everything goes well as _____ (plan). (planned)
14. ____ (give) more time, we are sure to do it better. (Given)
非謂語翻車魚基礎訓練2
1. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known
2. Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved
3. With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
4. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown
5. He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered
6. The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
7. The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces
8. People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
9. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
10. The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling
11. The library's study room is full of students for the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busyly prepare D. are busily preparing
12. The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
13. Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning
14. The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
15. A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
16. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality
A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced
17. The students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to
18. Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered
19. many times, he still couldn't understand.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling
20. The old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.
A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported
非謂語動詞強化訓練
1．Dozens of movies are known in this small town，which has been turned into a tourist attraction．
A．being made B．having been made C．to be made D．to have been made
2. to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
3. The way my father thought of enough money was to sell the horse and the house.
A. getting B. to get C. got D. to getting
4. the yard, I found it with lots of leaves.
A. Entering; covering; falling B. Entering; covered; fallen
C. Entering; covering; fallen D. Having entered; covered; falling
5. The book is said into many languages.
A. to translate B. to have been translated C. translating D. to have translated
6. He hurried to the railway station, only the train he meant had gone away.
A. found; to catch B. finding; catching C. to find; to catch D. and found; catching
7．--I』d like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games.
--Better try the CCTV website, and you are likely the information in no time.
A．to visit; to get B．to visit; getting C．visiting; to get D．visiting; getting
8．The Chinese government, in specific efforts to prevent and control HIV/AIDS, has increased HIV testing and monitoring among the general public.
A．involving B．involved C．having involved D．to be involved
9. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _______.
A. tired B. tiring C. being tired D. having been tired
10. Don't be discouraged. _____ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
11. It is fairly common in Africa for there ___________ a group of expert musicians surrounded by others who also join in the performances.
A. being B. to be C. be D. is
12. _____ in the collapsed mine for 7 days, the workers were saved.
A. To have been trapped B. To be trapped C. Having been trapped D. Being trapped
13. A television programme ______ 「Kim』ll fix it」 invites viewers to say what they really want to do.
A. being called B. having been called C. calling D. called
14．At the 15th Asian Games. China won 165 gold medals, first of all the competing countries.
A．ranked B．ranking C．to rank D．rank
15．Guangzhou Karaoke businesses are reported a 12-yuan royalty fee (版權稅) for each karaoke room, a charge set by the China Audio and Video Association.
A．to refuse B．to have refused C．refusing D．having refused
16．The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, after 11 pm.
A．from staying out B．to stay out C．staying out D．stay out
17. Mr Smith, boss of a car company, used to go there and watch bicycles __________.
A. to repair B. repairing C. being repaired D. repaired
18. The transportation will improve a lot in Nantong, with another two bridges ________ over the Changjiang River in the near future.
A. to be constructed B. to construct C. being constructed D. constructing
19. The news he looked forward to .
A. came at lastest B. coming at the least C. coming at the lasts D. came recently
20. sight of his former neighbour, he stopped with him.
A. Catching ; to shake hands B. Catching ; to shake hand
C. Having caught ; shaking hands D. Being caught ; shaking hand
21. The largest collection, ______in England , was one of about 200 000 silver pennies.
A. to be found B. has found C. being found D. ever found
22. Finally they managed to find a path _______.
A. to follow B. following C. to go D. going
23. ________ himself with great strength, he raised himself.
A. Filled B. To fill C. Being filled D. Filling
24. I found an old pot _____ in the ground.
A. buried????? B. being buried??? C. burying??? D. to be buried
25. The answer ______ the teacher, she asked the little boy to try a second time.
A. disappointed???????? B. disappointing
C. being disappointed??? D. having been disappointed
26. _____ two years to ________after the sick woman, she badly needed a holiday.
A. Devoting herself; look????? B. Devoted; looking
C. Devoting; looking?????? D. Devoted; looked
27. John did quite well in his exams, ________ how little he studied.
A. consider B. considering C. considered D. to consider
28._______ the right decisions ________ the future is probably the most important thing we'll ever do in our lives.
A. Making; concerned B. Make; concerning
C. To make; concerned D. Making; concerning
29. ________ was what he had never expected and was just too upsetting to him.
A. Cheated again and again B. Having been cheated again and again
C. Having cheated again D. Being cheating again and again
30. The new engine ____________ right now will be used to be fixed in the new type of airplane soon.
A. to be experimented on B. being experimented on
C. having been experimented on D. experimented on
31．Rose found her toy bear _______ under the chair.
A. hiding B. to hide C. having hidden D. hidden
32. _______ after a long walk, Kate called and said she couldn't come to the party.
A. Worn out B. Having worn out C. To be worn out D. To wear out
33. ______, the car could not be started.
A. He lost the key B. The key was lost
C. Having lost the key D. The key having been lost
34. it with me should be the best choice. Trust me.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
非謂語動詞高考題
2007年高考
1. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
—_______________ her this weekend? （全國卷I）
A. Why not visit B. why not to visit
C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit
2. —The last one __________________ pays the meal.
—Agreed! （全國卷I）
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
3. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （全國卷I）
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. （全國卷II）
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. （上海卷）
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
6. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. （上海卷）
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
7. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. （上海卷）
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
8. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March. （山東卷）
A．has been launched B．having been launched
C．being launched D．to be launched
9. Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. （山東卷）
A．to seat B．to be seated C．seating D．seated
10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. （安徽卷）
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
11. —Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! （安徽卷）
A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
12. —Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
—Just a minute. I』ll have Bob ____you to your room. （北京卷）
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
13. He is a student at Oxford University, __________ for a degree in computer science. （北京卷）
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
14. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. （福建卷）
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
15. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. （福建卷）
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
16. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do. （湖南卷）
A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved
17. 「Things _________ never come again!」 I couldn’t help talking to myself. （湖南卷）
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
18. —Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. （江蘇卷）
A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
19. My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve. （江蘇卷）
A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good
20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. （江蘇卷）
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
21. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. （江西卷）
A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
22. that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. （陝西卷）
A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying
23. All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show. （上海春）
A．to go B．going C．to have gone D．having gone
24. the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. （上海春）
A．To ensure B．Ensuring C．Having ensured. D．To have ensured
25. She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. （上海春）
A．display B．to display C．displaying D．displayed
26. Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon. （四川卷）
A．said B．says C．saying D．to say
27. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. （四川卷）
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
28. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. （天津卷）
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
29. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.（浙江卷）
A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard
30. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. （浙江卷）
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
31. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. （重慶卷）
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
32. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. （遼寧卷）
A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break
33. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. （遼寧卷）
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
34. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . （陝西卷）
A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair
2008年高考
1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.（全國I卷）
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
2._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （安徽卷）
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
3. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. （福建卷）
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited
4. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me? （福建卷）
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
5. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. （湖南卷）
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
6. _____ the project as planned, we』ll have to work two more hours a day. （湖南卷）
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can. （江蘇卷）
A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
8. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant. （山東卷）
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
9. I hear they』ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone. （江西卷）
A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted
10. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.（江西卷）
A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
11. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （遼寧卷）
A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped
12. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. （陝西卷）
A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
13. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment. (四川卷)
A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
14. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （浙江卷）
A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year. （浙江卷）
A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found
16. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she』d like that little doll on her bed. （北京卷）
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
17. –Did the book give the information you needed? （北京卷）
–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding
18. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. （北京卷）
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
19. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. （天津卷）
A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown
20. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. （重慶卷）
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
21. My?sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it. (上海卷)
A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried
22. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. (上海卷)
A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
23. Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and?relive pressure. (上海卷)
A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk
24. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (上海卷)
A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located
參考答案
非謂語動詞基礎訓練2
1-5BBDDA 6-10BCD DB 11-15BCCAD 16-20 DCCAC
非謂語動詞強化訓練
1-5 DCBBB 6-10 CCBAC 11-15 BCDBB 16-20 BCADA 21-25 DADAB
26-30 CBDBB 31-34 DADB
非謂語動詞高考題
2007年高考
1-5 ACACA 6-10 DCBDA 11-15DAB AB 16-20 BADDA 21-25 DBBAD
26-30 CABAA 31-34 BADA
(實習編輯：阿依努爾）