表語
表語的功能是表述主語的特徵、狀態、身份等。它也可以說是一種主語補語。它位於聯繫動詞之後,與之構成所謂的系表結構。在系表結構中,聯繫動詞只是形式上的謂語,而真正起謂語作用的則是表語。可以作表語的詞有:名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。
1.The weddingwas that Sunday. 婚禮是在那個星期天舉行的。(名詞)
2.So that’sthat. 就是這樣。(代詞)
3.We areseven. 我們一共7人。(數詞)
4.Are youbusy? 你有空嗎?(形容詞)
5.Are youthere? 你在聽嗎?(電話用語)(副詞)
Is anybody in? 裡面有人嗎? (副詞)
6.All I could do wasto wait. 我只能等待。(不定式)
My answer to his threat(威脅) was tohit him on the nose.
我對他的威脅的回答是照他的鼻子打去。(不定式)
7.Complimenting(讚美,祝賀) islying. 恭維就是說謊。(動名詞)
Is that asking so much? 這是要的高了嗎?(動名詞)
8.I was so muchsurprised at it. 我對此事感到很驚訝。(過分) I’m very pleased with whathe has done. 我對他所做的很滿意。(過分)
9.She is ingood health. 她很健康。(介詞短語)
The show is from seven tillten. 演出時間為7點至10點。(介詞短語)
10.Is that whyyou were angry? 這就是你發怒的原因嗎?(從句) 11.This iswhere I first met her. 這就是我初次與她會面的地方。(從句)
補語
補語(complement)是一種補足主語和賓語的意義的句子成分。補足主語意義的句子成分叫做主語補語(subject complement),補足賓語意義的句子成分叫做賓語補語(object complement).
(1). 形容詞用作主語補語是常置於主語之前,後有逗號。 Tired and sleepy, I went tobed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。 有時可以置於主語之後,前後都有逗號,與非限定性定語相似。如: The man, cruel beyondbelief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地殘酷,不聽取他們的懇求。
(2).可以用做賓語補語的有名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等
They named the childJimmy. 他們將孩子命名為吉米。(名詞用作並與補語)
My mother looks so youngthat you would think her my sister. 我的母親面很嫩,你會以為她是我的姐姐(名詞短語作賓語補語)
He boiled the egg hard. 她將雞蛋煮老了。(形容詞用作賓語補語)
I found the book veryinteresting.我發現那本書很有趣。(形容詞短語用作賓補) 4.The comrades wanted Dr.Bethune to take cover. 同志們要白求恩大夫隱蔽一下。(不定式用作賓語補語)
I call this robbing Peterto pay Paul.我把這個叫做拆東牆補西牆。(動名詞作賓補)
Don’t take his kindnessfor granted.不要把他的友善看作是當然的事。
Until與not…until區別是什麼?
Until與not… until雖只差一個單詞, 但表達的含義卻非常不同, 我們來具體了解一下:
Naoto Kan, the outgoing prime minister, had been scheduled to meet Mr Obamaat the White House until it became clear hewould step down.
在辭職一事明朗化之前,相關方面一直在安排菅直人與歐巴馬在白宮會晤。
You know, untilyou find somebody as open and as brave as you, you're just going to have to getused to going it alone.在你找到一個像你一樣心胸開闊又勇敢無畏的人之前,你只能試著習慣一個人的生活。
He did notsend out his application until the deadline.直到截止日期他才寄出他的申請書。
Assure, ensure, insure和reassure都有哪些區別?
這四個詞, 雖然拼寫相近, 但表示的含義卻各不相同, 一起來了解:
I can assure you ofthe reliability of the news.
我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的.
We booked early to assureourselves of(getting)good seats.
我們及早訂座以保證我們能得到好座位。
Please ensure thatall the lights are switched off at night.
夜間請務必將所有的燈關掉.
The BBC must ensurethat due impartiality is preserved in its news programmes.
英國廣播公司必須確保新聞節目保持應有的公正.
It is advisable to insureyour life against accident. *好參加人壽保險,以防意外.
President Ford's first act assuming thepresidency was to reassure the public.
總統福特上任後,第*個舉措就是安撫民眾.