實用英語語法
第八講
形容詞和副詞的比較級最高級
形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級構成
在日常生活裡,我們經常聽到人們進行比較,比如他成績比我好,他家房子比我家的大,他工資比我們高;她是我們幾個中最高的,中國是世界上最大的國家之一等等。那麼在英語裡也是一樣的,只是表達時,有詞形變化,我們先要掌握基本規律:
1. 單音節詞,比較級一般加「er」,最高級加「est」:
slow slower the slowest
dark darker the darkest
cheap cheaper the cheapest
warm warmer the warmest
如果是以字母e結尾的,直接加「r」和「st」
safe safer the safest
large larger the largest
nice nicer the nicest
以元音+輔音結尾閉音節詞的,雙寫輔音字母,再加加「er」,最高級加「est」:
hot hotter the hottest
big bigger the biggest
最高級在句子中,前面別忘了加定冠詞「the」,副詞的最高級有時可以省略「the」。
Everyone in the class worked hard, but Jane worked (the) hardest.
a kindest man 不是一個最好的人,而是「一個非常好的人」
2. 雙音節詞
一般輔音字母加y結尾,改y為i再加「er」,最高級加「est」:
happy happier the happiest
easy easier the easiest
dirty dirtier the dirtiest
heavy heavier the heaviest
early earlier the earlier
其他雙音節詞,一般在前面加「more」和「most」構成比較級和最高級:
stupid more stupid the most stupid
clever more clever the most clever
expensive more expensive the most expensive
simple more simple the most simple
即使上面這類詞彙也可以, 所以如果不肯定該怎麼構成比較級最高級,用more和most更安全:
funny more funny the most funny
noisy more noisy the most noisy
warmly more warmly the most warmly
3. 多音節詞
一般在前面加「more」和「most」構成比較級和最高級:
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
comfortable more comfortable the most comfortable
4. 不規則變化:
good/well better the best
bad worse the worst
many/much more the most
little less the least
old older/elder the oldest/eldest
far farther/ further the farthest /furthest
further 可以表示 「進一步」
5. as形容詞副詞原形as
這是是同級比較,表示「一樣...」
He is as anxious as his sister. 他和他妹妹一樣焦急。
He runs as fast as a horse. 他跑得和馬一樣快。
She plays the piano as well as I (do). 她鋼琴彈得和我一樣好。
She eats not as much as her sister。她吃的沒有她妹妹多。
Jack Ma is not so wealthy as Bill Gates. 馬雲沒有比爾蓋茨富有。
朋友們請注意:
1)否定結構是「not so/as ... as」
2) 否定句子,也可以用less 表達,上述句子可改為:
She eats less than her sister.
Jack Ma is less wealthy than Bill Gates.
比較級最高級的一些常見具體用法:
1. 比較級+比較級,表示「越來越...」
The horse ran faster and faster, and soon it's out of sight.
馬跑得越來越快,很快就不見了蹤跡。
Learning gets harder and harder as you grow older.
年紀大了,學習就越來越困難了。
I'm becoming more and more confused about his actions.
對他的行為,我是越來越搞不懂了
2. the + 比較級...,the +比較級,表示「越...,越...」
The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
The more I know him, the more I admire him.
對他越了解,我越崇拜他。
The harder you work, the better grades you'll achieve.
學習月努力,成績越好。
3.比較級前面可以有修飾詞,以改變語氣:
常見的修飾詞有:much, a lot, far, by far, rather, probably, 和half, twice等表示倍數的詞。
It's a lot/much warmer today.
今天天氣暖和多了。
I'm far /much more interested in music than art.
我對音樂比對繪畫感興趣的多的多。
This is by far/ probably the best concert I've ever attended.
這是/可能是我聽過的最棒的音樂會了。
Jingdong is one of the largest online shopping companies in China.
京東是中國最大的網上商城之一。
He earns twice as much as I (do).
他的收入是我的兩倍。
4. 在一個範圍內的比較,常用最高級:
Most experts say that those who exercise regularly and have balanced diet are the healthiest(most healthy).
多數的專家認為,定期鍛鍊飲食均衡的人身體最健康。
Shanghai is the largest city in China.
上海是中國最大的城市。
This is the most difficult subject I've ever learned.
這是我學過的課程中最難的了。
將一個與其他所有相比,應該用比較級:
Jeff is taller than any other in his class.
= Jeff is the tallest in his class.
Jeff 比他們班其他人都高。
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