Concrete sealing compounds or concrete sealers are liquids applied on the hardened concrete surface to prevent the penetration of deicing solutions, carbon dioxide, acids, water, etc. into the concrete. The penetration of such materials results in corrosion of reinforcing steel and cracks.
混凝土密封固化劑是施塗在硬化的混凝土表面上的溶劑，以防止除冰劑、二氧化碳、酸和水等滲入混凝土中，避免引起鋼筋腐蝕和混凝土裂縫。
塗刷，可以用coat或paint替換。
e.g. The plastic coating is easy to apply on any surface. 塑性塗料容易塗刷在任何表面上。
v. 除冰，融冰，ice melting.
e.g. The application of this technology can avoid the negative effects on concrete and environment caused by using deicing salt. 應用這種技術，可有效避免除冰鹽對混凝土和環境帶來的負面影響。
The important features and types of concrete sealing compounds are enlisted below.
下面列出了混凝土密封劑的重要特徵和類型。
Features of Concrete Sealing Compounds
混凝土密封劑的特徵
The main objective of concrete sealers is to protect the surface from corrosion, damage, and stains. Moisture penetration accompanied by freezing and thawing results in cracks in concrete. Concrete sealer hence is the best solution for freezing and thawing problems in concrete surfaces.
混凝土密封劑的主要目的是保護表面免受鏽蝕，損壞和汙漬。水分滲透並伴隨凍融作用會導致混凝土開裂。因此，混凝土密封劑是解決混凝土表面凍融問題的最佳方案。
汙點，汙漬。
small areas that are dirty or having different colors, which means the concrete surface has uneven color.
凍融是指土層由於溫度降到零度以下和升至零度以上而產生凍結和融化的一種物理地質作用和現象。
由於溫度周期性的發生正負變化，凍土層中的地下冰和地下水不斷發生相變和位移，使凍土層發生凍脹、融沉、流變等一系列應力變形，這一過程成為凍融。
冰對巖石裂隙兩壁便產生巨大的壓力；而當氣溫回升時，冰便融化，加於兩壁的壓力驟減，兩壁遂向中央推回。在反覆的凍結和融化過程中，巖石的裂隙就會擴大、增多，以致石塊被分割出來，這種作用叫凍融作用。
---來源於百度百科
Note: The concrete sealing compounds must not be confused with concrete curing compounds. The curing compound serves the function to retard the loss of water from a freshly placed concrete. The curing compound is immediately placed after finishing the concrete surface.
注意：請勿將混凝土密封劑與混凝土養護劑混淆。養護劑的作用是減緩新澆混凝土中水份流失的速度。養護劑是在混凝土表面澆築完後立即塗刷。
混淆；can not distinguish clearly.
e.g. True food allergies should not be confused with food intolerances. 真正的食物過敏不應該與食物不耐受性相混淆。
延遲，阻止；slow or delay a process.
e.g. Lack of sunlight will retard the growth of most plants. 缺乏陽光會妨礙大多數植物的生長。
♥ retarder：緩凝劑，阻滯劑
The main features of sealing compounds are:
密封劑的主要特點是：
1. Concrete sealer compounds retard the penetration of harmful substances from the surrounding into the concrete.
混凝土密封劑可以阻止有害物質從周圍環境滲透到混凝土中。
2. Concrete sealers are applied only after the concrete structure has gained 28 days of age and strength.
只有在混凝土結構達到28天的齡期和強度後，才能使用混凝土密封劑。
混凝土齡期：從澆築到凝固所需的時間。
The period between concrete placement and setting.
3. The concrete sealers can either block the pores of the concrete or act as an impermeable layer to prevent the penetration of foreign materials.
混凝土密封劑可以封閉混凝土的微孔或形成不滲透層以防止異物滲透。
4. Concrete sealers are essential where the deterioration of concrete due to chemical intrusion, corrosion of steel reinforcement, and alkali-aggregate reaction is a problem. Its application is more in freezing and thaw regions.
當化學品侵入、鋼筋鏽蝕和鹼集料反應導致混凝土劣化問題時，有必要使用混凝土密封劑。它更多地運用於有凍融情況的地區。
混凝土劣化；reduction of quality and strength of concrete.
alkali-aggregate reaction
鹼集料反應
指混凝土原材料中的鹼性物質與活性成分發生化學反應,生成膨脹物質(或吸水膨脹物質) 而引起混凝土產生內部自膨脹應力而開裂的現象….由於鹼集料反應一般是在混凝土成型後的若干年後逐漸發生,其結果造成混凝土耐久性下降,嚴重時還會使混凝土喪失使用價值,且由於反應發生在整個混凝土中,因此,這種反應造成的破壞既難以預防,又難於阻止,更不易修補和挽救,故被稱為混凝土的「癌症」。---來源於百度百科
5. Chemical concrete sealers can last for ten years or longer. There are varied option of concrete sealers in the market which serves the durability requirements of the concrete surfaces.
化學混凝土密封劑的使用年限為十年或更長時間。市場上有多種混凝土密封劑供選擇，可滿足混凝土表面的耐久性要求。
6. The sealers extend the useful life of the concrete. Hence, using concrete sealers is an environmentally friendly decision. Among different types of sealers available in the market, water-based sealers are found to be more environmentally friendly.
密封劑可延長混凝土的使用壽命。因此，使用混凝土密封劑是環保的決定。在市場上可用的不同類型的密封劑中，水性密封劑更環保。
混凝土密封劑的類型
There are mainly two types of concrete sealers – Topical Sealers and Penetrating sealers.
混凝土密封劑主要有兩種類型：外用密封劑和滲透密封劑。
The topical concrete sealers provide topical protection to the concrete from stains and external chemical action. These types of sealers also provide visual enhancement to the surface. The topical sealers are applied on a dry and clean surface.
外用密封劑為混凝土提供局部/表面保護，使其免受汙漬和外部化學作用的影響。這類型密封劑還可增強表面視覺效果。它塗在乾燥清潔的表面上。
One important issue with these sealers is that they make the surface skid, when wet. It is because the sealer reduces the traction coefficient and imparts gloss to the surface. Anti-skid materials can be used as a remedy for this problem.
這些密封劑的一個重要問題是，潮溼時它們會使表面打滑。這是因為密封劑降低了牽引係數並使表面光澤。防滑材料可用作解決此問題的方法。
牽引係數，是指用於拖拽或承載重物的機械裝置，動輪或履帶之上的總載荷與動輪發生空轉之前，其與路面之間產生最大牽引力的比值。
---來源於百度百科
Topical sealers can last from one to 5 years. High-end epoxy or urethane system topical sealer polymers can last for a more extended period. Example: Acrylic Sealers, Epoxy Concrete Coatings
外用密封劑可以持續一到五年。高端環氧或聚氨酯密封劑可以持續更長的時間。例如：丙烯酸密封劑，環氧混凝土塗料
Penetrating Sealers 滲透密封劑The penetrating sealers penetrate the concrete surface to serve the purpose of sealing. It reacts within the concrete creating a chemical stable compound that acts as a breathable barrier just below the concrete surface. The sealers provide a natural look to the surface. Penetrating sealers do not modify the substrate appearance or traction.
滲透密封劑通過滲透進混凝土表面來起到密封的目的。它在混凝土中起反應，生成化學性能穩定的化合物，在混凝土表面下方充當透氣屏障。滲透密封劑不會改變外觀或附著力，使混凝土表面看起自然。
The application of penetration sealers are made on dry or damp surface. The sealer must adequately match with the porosity of the substrate to have effective penetration into the surface and reaction. The lifespan of penetrating sealers are more significant than five years. Example: Silicates, siliconates, silanes, and siloxane.
滲透密封劑的塗刷在乾燥或潮溼的表面。密封劑必須與基材的孔隙率充分匹配，以有效滲透到表面並發生反應。滲透密封劑的使用壽命超過五年。例如：矽酸鹽，矽烷和矽氧烷。
有孔性，孔隙率；
the property of being porous; being able to absorb fluids