春節本是一個安靜祥和的日子，卻總有悲劇發生，寧波一男子因為翻牆逃票，誤入老虎散養區，被老虎活活咬死，人們為了救援，將一隻老虎擊斃。
為逃票喪命的男子悲傷，也為被擊斃的老虎悲傷，這讓我想起了另一個更為殘忍的故事——逆戟鯨特雷庫姆（Tilikum）。就在2017年1月7日，特雷庫姆永遠的離開了它熱愛的自然，三條人命和伴隨它被囚禁的孤獨和抑鬱，一起陪它沉入海底，人們都說，特雷庫姆自由了，以死亡的方式，終於自由了。
今天就為大家帶來一篇關於逆戟鯨特雷庫姆的故事。
After 33 years in captivity（囚禁） and following decades of exploitation in the marine-mammal（海洋哺乳動物） abusement industry, Tilikum has finally found freedom in death.
特雷庫姆被囚禁了33年，在這數十年裡，它被用於海洋動物的表演事業，33年之後，它終於在死亡裡，重新找回了它的自由。
Across the country, animal advocates（動物保護者） gathered at vigils （守靈）outside SeaWorld parks to mourn and remember his life. Millions of people became aware of Tilikum’s story through the movie Blackfish, the damning documentary about SeaWorld’s cruel practice of tearing wild orcas（逆戟鯨） away from their families and then breeding them in captivity.
動物保護者從全國趕來到「海洋世界」公園，為特雷庫姆守夜哀悼。越來越多的人通過「blackfish」這部紀錄片知道特雷庫姆的故事，這個黑暗的紀錄片講述了海洋公園將野生的逆戟鯨從家人身邊奪走，囚禁它們，讓它們繁殖的殘忍做法。
Tilikum may be dead, but 22 orcas remain imprisoned at Sea World. Never forget Tilikum’s story, and use his life as momentum to end these injustices.
特雷庫姆永遠的離開了，但是仍有22頭逆戟鯨被囚禁在海洋公園，永遠不要忘記特雷庫姆的故事，用它的經歷作為動力，終結這些不平等的對待。
Tilikum was captured near Iceland in November of 1983, over 30 years ago. At only 2 years old, when he was approximately 13 feet long, he was torn away from his family and ocean home.
1983年11月，特雷庫姆在冰島附近被捕獲，這已經是三十多年前的事情了。當時它只有兩歲，身長13英尺，就這樣被人為的與家人和海洋家園分離。
Steve Huxter | The Voice of the Orcas
This image shows Tilikum covered with lanolin, an oil extracted from sheep’s wool. It is applied to orcas』 whole bodies to prepare them for a long transport without water.特雷庫姆身上塗滿了羊毛脂，羊毛脂從羊毛提煉而來，塗滿逆戟鯨的全身可以保證它們得以在無水的條件下，長途運輸。
Finally, he was transferred to the rundown（破舊的） Sealand of the Pacific in British Columbia, Canada, and forced to call his barren 100-foot-by-50-foot pool—just 35 feet deep—his sad new 「home.」
最終，特雷庫姆貝運送到加拿大英屬哥倫比亞的一個破敗的海洋公園。海洋館的水池只有三十米長，十多米寬，不到十米深，就是這樣一個水池成了它悲哀的「新」家。
Food was withheld from him as a training technique, and he regularly endured painful attacks by two dominant female orcas, Haida and Nootka. He was forced to perform every hour on the hour, eight times a day, seven days a week. The constant stress and exhaustion gave him stomach ulcers（胃潰瘍）.When the park closed its doors at the end of each day, the three incompatible orcas were crammed into（擠進） a tiny round metal-sided module for more than 14 hours until the park reopened the next morning.
作為馴化它的手段，食物被加以限制，它常常遭受主導海洋館的其它兩頭雌逆戟鯨——海達和諾特佳的攻擊。它被強迫一個小時接一個小時的表演，每天八個小時，一周七天。不斷的壓力和沮喪造成它患上了胃潰瘍。當一天的表演結束，海洋館關門，三頭並不和的逆戟鯨會被關進一個狹小的金屬制水艙裡長達14個小時，直到第二天早上海洋館開門。
Steve Huxter | The Voice of the Orcas
When Tilikum did not perform a trick correctly, food was withheld from both him and his tankmates, which caused a great deal of tension.當特雷庫姆沒有正確表演時，它和它的夥伴都會被限制食物，這種做法造成幾頭逆戟鯨的關係高度緊張。
On February 21, 1991, Sealand trainer Keltie Byrne fell into the pool containing all three orcas. She was pulled to the bottom of the enclosure by Tilikum, tossed around among the three orcas, and ultimately drowned. It took Sealand employees two hours to recover her body from the orcas. She was the first of three people to have been killed because of Tilikum’s stress, frustration, and confinement.
1991年2月21日，海洋館的訓練師Keltie Byrne不慎跌落水池，池中有三頭逆戟鯨，特雷庫姆把她拖進泳池底部，三頭鯨魚在水底將這位訓練員相互拋擲，直到訓練員最終溺死。海洋館的其它工作人員花了兩個小時才將她打撈上來。這位訓練員是三個被特雷庫姆殺害的人中的第一個，因為特雷庫姆的壓力，沮喪和不自由。
Shortly after the death of Keltie, Sealand closed its doors for good and put Tilikum up for sale as though he were nothing more than a commodity.
Keltie死後不久，海洋館不得已關門，並將特雷庫姆掛牌出售，似乎它只是一件商品。
When SeaWorld heard that a 12,000-lb. bull, the largest orca in captivity, was on the market, it quickly purchased him for its breeding program apparently giving little thought to his reputation for killing and aggression. Tilikum’s sperm was used to build up a collection of orcas, and now, 54 percent of SeaWorld’s orcas have his genes.
當海洋世界聽說有一頭世界上最大的雄性逆戟鯨被出售時，他們很快買下了特雷庫姆，用以實現他們的繁殖計劃，而不在意特雷庫姆殺人和富有攻擊性的名聲。特雷庫姆的精子被用於繁殖大量的逆戟鯨，現在，海洋公園裡百分之五十四的逆戟鯨有著特雷庫姆的基因。
Milan Boers | CC by 2.0
Tilikum has a collapsed dorsal fin, a sign of an unhealthy and stressed orca. Many orcas in captivity (but few in the wild) have collapsed fins.特雷庫姆的鰭是倒下的，這是逆戟鯨不健康和壓力大的象徵，很多被卷養的逆戟鯨有著倒下的鰭，而野生的則很少這樣。
The stress of captivity also causes Tilikum to exhibit aggression toward humans, which has cost two more lives—those of Daniel P. Dukes in 1999 and Dawn Brancheau in 2010. Tilikum scalped（剝頭皮） and dismembered（肢解） Dawn as well as breaking bones throughout her body before drowning her.
被囚禁的壓力造成特雷庫姆對人類充滿攻擊性，這造成了後來兩個人的喪命。1999年的Daniel P. Dukes和2010年的Dawn Brancheau。在把她淹死之前，特雷庫姆剝下了Dawn Brancheau的頭皮並且肢解了她，她全身的骨頭都是碎裂的。
Dawn Brancheau - Riders on the Storm | Ed Schipul | CC BY-SA 2.0
Dawn Brancheau was one of SeaWorld’s star performers. She was cautious and always abided by the park’s 「safety」 guidelines when she was around the orcas. When her death was announced, former and current trainers were astonished that she had been the one killed.
Dawn Brancheau是海洋世界的一位明顯訓練員，她遵守公園裡的安全規程，總是小心翼翼地與逆戟鯨相處。當她的死訊傳出，以前和當時的訓練員都深感震驚她是被殺的那位。
Following Dawn’s tragic death, Tilikum was kept in a tiny enclosure that limited his ability to swim, communicate with other orcas, and interact with humans even further. He was reported to have been floating listlessly（無精打採的） in the water for hours at a time, a behavior never seen in wild orcas.在Dawn Brancheau慘死之後，特雷庫姆被關在一個狹小的水池裡，行動被限制，與其它逆戟鯨甚至人的交流也被限制。新聞報導說它在水裡長時間漂浮著一動不動，這是野生逆戟鯨不會出現的情況。
In this aerial view of SeaWorld, you can see how little room the orcas have. Inside the circle is Tilikum, whose nose and tail appear to be able to touch both sides of the tank at the same time.在海洋世界的俯視圖中，你可以看到特雷庫姆的空間有多小，紅圈裡的就是它，它的鼻子和尾巴似乎可以同時碰到水池。
After a year in isolation, Tilikum was returned to performing. SeaWorld is appealing（上訴） its citation for violating a federal workplace safety law meant to protect workers from recognized life-threatening hazards（危險） and asking that the government allow humans to swim with orcas despite the risk.
在一年的隔離之後，特雷庫姆重回舞臺。海洋世界在受到聯邦政府對於其違反安全規程的指控之後提起上訴，而這些法律正是為了保護工作人員不受生命威脅而設立的，此外海洋世界還要求政府允許人能夠和逆戟鯨一同遊泳，而不管當中的危險。
Tilikum is not the only orca who has become aggressive as a result of all the stress that the whales are forced to endure in the small tanks at SeaWorld. The park’s own records contain 600 pages of incident reports documenting（記錄） dangerous and unanticipated orca behavior with trainers, consisting of more than 100 incidents in which killer whales bit, rammed, lunged at, pulled, pinned, and swam aggressively with SeaWorld trainers, many of which led to human injuries, including a near-death encounter experienced by trainer Ken Peters.
海洋世界將鯨魚們關在狹小的魚池裡，造成鯨魚壓力過大而變得有攻擊性，特雷庫姆不是其中的個例。這個海洋公園有長達600頁的事故記錄，這些記錄了超過100起鯨魚危險而出乎意料的行為——撕咬，劇烈撞擊，猛衝，拉扯，擠壓訓練員，或是和訓練員粗暴的遊動。這些意外事件中，很多造成訓練員受傷，甚至造成一名名叫Ken Peters的訓練員差點命喪黃泉。
Aggression toward humans and among orcas is nearly non-existent in nature, but the constant stress of living in incompatible social groupings inside minuscule（非常小的） tanks at SeaWorld causes them to lash out（猛烈攻擊）, posing a danger both to other whales and to employees alike.
在大自然裡，逆戟鯨很少攻擊人類，但是生活在不和諧的群居和狹小的水池中，讓逆戟鯨的壓力倍增，最終導致它們爆發，讓鯨魚和工作人員都陷入巨大的危險之中。