動詞的時態與語態
動詞的時態、語態和語氣是高考中的重中之重，也是英語句子結構的核心。英語句子的靈動性很大程度上體現在動詞的各種變化上，因此謂語動詞的時態、語態、語氣的運用三位一體，不可分割。在單項填空題型中，時態和語態是考查的熱點，但是語氣問題也不可忽視。在備考過程中應該對謂語動詞變化的各種情況都能夠了如指掌。可以預測，未來高考仍然會以考查時態為主，但考查形式會更多地結合語態和語
氣等形式，越來越側重在語境中考查動詞的時態、語態和語氣，所以要求考生首先要掌握時態、語態和語氣的基本用法，同時在所設置的語境中根據所給信息進行判斷。也就是說，考生應學會通過上下文來確定所用時態、語態和語氣。
熱點題型一 一般時態
例1、The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A．were B．will be
C．have been D．had been
答案：A
【提分秘籍】
1．一般現在時
(1)表示經常發生的、習慣性的、反覆出現的動作或狀態。 常與表示習慣的副詞(詞組)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually， every day/night等連用。
(2)按時間表、時刻表、日程表等安排將要發生的動作，用一般現在時。只限於go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等動詞。
(3)用在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中， 用一般現在時表示將來。
Around two o』clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.
每天晚上兩點左右，蘇就 說夢話。這使我們有點煩心。
If it doesn’t rain，we』ll go on a picnic as planned.
如果不下雨，我們將按計劃去野餐。
Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.
無論你說什麼，我都不會改變主意。
The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飛機每周三、周五2：30起飛。
2．一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間點發生的動作或所處的狀態，與現在沒有關係或表示過去一段時間內反覆發生的動作， 常 與 every day，often，sometimes等時間狀語連用。
—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
——好長時間沒見你了！你去哪裡了？
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.
——我去了寧夏，在那裡待了一年，作為一名志願者教學。
3．一般將來時
(1)「shall/will＋動詞原形」表示現在看來以後要發生的動 作或存在的狀態。「will＋動詞原形」還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。
(2)「be going to＋動詞原形」表示①現在打算或計劃將 來 要做的事情；②表示根據某種跡象認為在最近或將來要發生的事情。
(3)「be to＋動詞原形」表示①預先安排好的計劃或約定；②表示說話人的意志、意圖、指責、義務、命令等；③表示 註定要發生的事情。
(4)「be about to＋動詞原形」表示正要或即將要做某事， 該結構不與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。
—What time is it?
——幾點了？
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.
——我不知道。但是等一會兒，我給你查一下。
—Mr.Li was ill in hospital.
——李老師生病住院了。
—Oh，I didn’t know.I』ll go to see him tonight.
——哦，我還不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o』clock this morning.
我要在今天上午11點見布朗先生。
I was about to go out when it began to rain.
我正要外出，這時開始下雨了。
【舉一反三】
—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I ________ him later.
A．will call B．have called
C．call D．will be calling
解析：考查時態。句意:「傑克遜醫生現在不在辦公室裡.」「好吧。我晚些時候會給他打電話。」由時間副詞later可 知，call是將來要發生的動作,空格所在的句子應用一般將來 時態，所以答案為A。D選項為將來進行時態,此處不表示正 在進行的動作，所以可排除。 答案：A
熱點題型二 進行時態
例2、 He must have sensed that I ________ him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，
「Why are you staring at me like that？」
A．would look at B．looked at
C．was looking at D．am looking at
答案：C
【提分秘籍】
1．現在進行時
(1)表示說話時正在進行或表示現階段正在進行的動作，雖然此時此刻該動作不一定正在進行。
(2)表示按計劃或安排即將發生的動作，常限於go，come,leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have， wear等表示移動、方向的動詞。
(3)表示說話人現在對主語的行為表示讚嘆或厭惡等(常與always，constantly，continually等副詞連用)。
2．過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作，常同表示過去的時間狀語從句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o』clock yesterday等連用。
She was phoning someone，so I nodded to her and went away.
她正在跟別人打電話，因此我朝她點了點頭就走開了。
3．將來進行時
表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示要從將來某一時刻開始，並繼續下去的動作。
Daniel’s family will be enjoying their
holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
丹尼爾一家人下星期這個時候將在黃山度假。
【舉一反三】
We have been trying to train the young people who were hired last month，but they________their best to learn.
A．were not doing B．didn’t do
C．are not doing D．hadn’t done
解析：考查時態。句意：我們已經一直在盡力訓練上個月 聘請的年輕人，但是他們不盡力學習。根據題幹的but判斷是這些年輕人現在不盡力學習，應用現在進行時。故選C。
答案：C
熱點題型三 完成時態
例3． In the last few years，China ________ great achievements in environmental protection.
A．has made B．had made
C．was making D．is making
答案：A
【提分秘籍】
1．現在完成時
(1)表示發生在過去而對現在仍有影響的動作，常用的時間 狀語：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few years，up to now，so far等。
(2)表示從過去某時開始而延續至今的動作或狀態，常與for,since等表示一段時間的狀語連用。
(3)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時間前已完成的動作。
(4)This/It is the first/second...time＋that從句，that從句 中 謂語要用現在完成時。
(5)It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)＋名詞＋定語從句，從句中的謂語用現在完成時。
—Have you heard about the recent election?
——你聽說過近期的選舉嗎？
—Sure，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
——當然了，它是近來三天新聞中唯一的事情了。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I
came to this school.這是我自從到這個學校以來所參加過的最有教育意義的講座。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema
together as a family.
這是第一次我們一家人去電影院看電影。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我親眼看到，否則我不會相信你的。
2．過去完成時
(1)表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態，即過去的過去。
(2)表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續到過去的另一時間的動作，常用的時間 狀 語：by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋句子等。
(3)表示「願望、打算」的動詞(如hope，want，expect，
think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用於過去完成時表示
過去本打算實現而未實現的希望或計劃。
(4)在「hardly(scarcely)．..when...」，「no sooner...than...」 句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時，意為「一……就……」。
Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before.
索菲婭環視了所有的面龐，她有印象——絕大多數的客人以前她都見過。
He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he had had it for a very long time.
他把自己的吉他賣掉時並不高興。畢竟，他擁有這把吉他已經很長時間了。
I had intended to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本來打算去看你，但是來了一位不速之客。
By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.
傑克從英國回到家時，他的兒子已經大學畢業了。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我剛到家，大雨就傾盆而下了。
3．將來完成時
表示在將來某個時間之前完成的動作，並且往往對將來某一時間產生影響。常用時間狀語為「by＋將來某個時間」。
By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.
等到史密斯先生到達超市時，我們將已經在那裡待了一個小時了。
【舉一反三】
Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I ________ my book in the cafe.
A．have left B．had left
C．would leave D．was leaving
解析：考查時態。句意：就在我到達學校門口的時候，我 意識到我把書忘在咖啡館裡了。realized是發生在過去的動作，而leave動作又發生在realized動作之前，是過去的過去，因此用過去完成時。
答案：B
熱點題型四 高考涉及的其他時態
例4、—Where is Peter？I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A．wrote B．had written
C．has been writing D．is writing
答案：C
【提分秘籍】
1．過去將來時
表示從過去某時間看將要發生的事情，多用於賓語從句中。
He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2016.
他希望在2016年能得到更合適的工作。
2．現在完成進行時(have/has been doing)
表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或產生的狀態一直延續 到現在,並有可能繼續下去,常和for,since引導的時間狀語連用。
Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.
自從人類開始園藝技術的時候起，我們就一直在努力讓我們 的環境變得更加美麗。
The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自從上午9點經理就一直在告訴工人如何改善這一方案。
3．過去完成進行時(had been doing)
表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或產生的狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻，這一動作可能已經停止也可能還在進行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. xk/w
她告訴我她已經學習法語5年了。(動作仍繼續)
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.
她告訴我她已經等我一個鐘頭了。(動作不再繼續)
【舉一反三】
—The plane is leaving right now，but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.
—Well，he said he________here on time.
A．came B．would come
C．can be D．will be
解析：句意：——飛機馬上要起飛了，但是吉姆還沒有到.——他說過他會準時到這兒。由答語可知應用過去將來時,故選B。
答案：B
熱點題型五 被動語態
例5、 Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________ so far by the two sides.
A．has been reached B．was reached
C．will reach D．will have reached
答案：A
【提分秘籍】
1．被動語態的構成為「be＋過去分詞」，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時態的被動語態，除be外被動語態的構 成 形式還有：get/become＋過去分詞。
2．只要及物動詞或相當於及物動詞的短語才有被動語態,不及物動詞或短語無被動語態。常考的不及物動詞或短語：
last，cost，spread，happen(to)，take place，belong to， break out，go out，run out，work out。
3．主動形式表示被動含義
(1) 表示感受、感官的系動詞如feel，sound，taste，look等,後面跟形容詞、名詞構成系表結構，常常以主動形式表示被動意義。
(2) 當sell，read，draw，wash，write，open，wear，run， burn等不及物動詞後帶狀語(well/easily等)修飾，用來表示主 語內在的品質或性能時用主動形式表示被動含義。
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待機會被提拔期間，亨利盡力履行好自己的職責。
—So what is the procedure?
——那麼程序是什麼樣？
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
——所有的應徵者都被面試後官方才作出最後的決定。
Food supplies in the flood－stricken area are running out.
We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪水災區的食品即將用完。
我們必須在他們用完之前採取措施。
Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽起來很合理。
His books sell well，so they will be sold soon.
他的書很暢銷，因此很快就會賣光。
【舉一反三】
—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We ________ well by our hosts.
A．were treated B．would be treated
C．treated D．had treated
答案：A
四年高考真題展示：
1．[2017·北京卷] —________that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A．Did you call B．Have you called
C．Will you call D．Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--你昨天有沒有給那家公司打電話問問他們對我們的產品感覺怎麼樣？--打了，他們很滿意。空格所在題幹有一個很明顯的時間狀語yesterday，發生在過去，肯定用過去式，故選A。
【考點】考查時態。
2．[2017·北京卷] In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ________ yet.
A．haven't invented B．haven't been invented
C．hadn't invented D．hadn't been invented
【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞的時態和語態。 首先無線電話是被發明的， 所以排除 A和 C, 另外通過時間狀語in the 1950s, 可知時態為過去完成時，故答案為D。句意：20世紀50年代的美國，大多數家庭只有一部電話，無線電話那時還沒有被發明出來。
3．[2017·北京卷] People ________ better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result
A．will have B．have
C．had D．had had
【答案】B 【解析】考查動詞的時態。句子是在描述現在的醫療便捷，表達的是現在的狀態，所以應該用一般現在時，故答案選 B。句意：人們現在有權使用比過去更好的醫療服務，所以人們更長壽了。
4． [2017·江蘇卷] He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ________．
A．was being followed B． was following
C．had been followed D．followed
5． [2017·江蘇卷] He's been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A．hasn't qualified B．hadn't qualified
C．doesn't qualify D．wasn't qualifying
【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞的時態。根據has been informed及句意可排除B項和D項；「沒有資格」屬於客觀事實，所以應用一般現在時。故選C項。句意：他被告知，由於他的學術背景，他沒有資格獲得獎學金。
6．[2017·天津卷] I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A．was driving B．have driven
C．would drive D．drove xk-w
【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞時態。be doing…when…是固定句式，表示「正在做……這時突然……」。句意：我正開車去倫敦，這時我突然發現自己走錯路了。
【2016·北京】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】題目考查時態。句意：——打擾了，你們在等哪一部電影？——《星球大戰》，我們已經在這兒等了兩個多小時了。「for+時間段」與完成時連用，根據語境可知，說話的時候仍然在等，因此用現在完成進行時，故選D。
【2016·江蘇】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】D
【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到公元前100年為止，絲綢已經成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。時間狀語是by+過去時間，謂語用過去完成時。故選A。
【考點】考查動詞時態。
【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes,we___by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜歡這個聚會嗎？——是的，我們的主人很好的招待了我們。根據上一句中的did可知用一般過去時；且we和treated是動賓關係，用被動語態。空中應用一般過去時的被動語態，故選A。
2.【2015·北京】26.in the last few years,___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在過去的這些年裡，中國在環境保護中取得了很大的成就。由時間狀語in the last few years可推知動作從過去一段時間持續到現在並對現在造成影響，用現在完成時。故選A。
【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I____ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson現在不在辦公室。——好的，我待會再打給他。由later可知，表示的是將來要執行的動作，用一般將來時。故選A。
【2015·重慶】1.—Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
【答案】B
【2015·重慶】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在我的家鄉，麥子豐收過後農民會有一個慶祝晚餐。現在完成時表示動作已經完成，才會舉行慶祝活動，故選D項。
【2015·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
【答案】A
【解析】句意：儘管之前多輪談判，但到目前為止雙方沒有達成任何協議。根據句中的時間狀語so far「到目前為止」可知用現在完成時。主語agreement與reach為被動關係，根據句意可知選A。
.【2015·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o』clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. would teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：簡不能參加今天下午3點鐘的會議，因為她那個時候在一個班上課。根據句中的時間狀語at that time，指代at 3 o』clock this afternoon，表示在將來的某一時刻正在做某事，故用將來完成時。故選D。
【2015·四川】4.More expresswaysin Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【解析】本句為時態題，根據時間狀語soon可知，考查了將來時，故選擇B。句意為：四川將建設更多的高速公路以促進當地的經濟。
【2015·陝西】24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在大學的時候，歐巴馬不知道他將成為美國第一個黑人總統。用過去將來時表示過去某個時間將要發生的事情，所以選A。
【2015·陝西】22. Maryreally hard on his book and thinks he』ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Marty一直努力寫書，我想他到周五為止將已經完成了。用現在完成進行時表示從過去到現在一直進行的動作。所以選B。
【2015·福建】26.To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
【答案】A
【2015·江蘇】30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】句意：過去和現在價格一直居高不下的真正原因很複雜，簡短的討論解釋這一問題無法讓人滿意。根據題幹中「and still are」的提示可知過去價格也居高不下，故用一般過去時，表示過去的狀態。故選A項。
【2015·安徽】29.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B
【解析】句意：據報導，人們在接下來的幾年裡將在月球上建一個空間站。根據「in years to come」可知用將來時，space station和build是動賓關係，應該使用被動語態，故選B。
【2015·安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我剛一到學校門口，就意識到我把書落在餐館了。realized後省略了that，這裡是一個賓語從句，從句時態與主句保持一致，「落下」的動作發生在「意識到」之前，應該用過去完成時，故選B。
【2015·湖南】28.He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
【答案】C
【2015·湖南】25.I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________, "What do you wish me to do now?"
A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked
【答案】D
【解析】一般過去時表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。此題主句的時態為一般過去時，表示這個事情和動作發生在過去，故從句時態也要用一般過去時。句意：我不能隱藏我的渴望，當我問道，「你現在希望我做些什麼？」故選D
【2015·湖南】22.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found
【答案】A
【解析】一般將來時表示將要發生的動作或情況。在一般將來時的句子中，有時有表示將來時間的狀語，有時沒有時間狀語，這時要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況。句意：當你通讀這本書的時候，你將會發現成千上萬的經歷過二戰的每個人都有不同的經歷。根據句意，判斷主語的時態為一般將來時，故選A。
【2015·湖南】32.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back
C．hold back D．was held back
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞的時態和語態。根據主句中的had可知時態是一般過去時；hold與主語構成邏輯上的被動關係，因此用一般過去時的被動語態，故選D。句意：我極其渴望進到商店去玩那個玩具，但是幸虧被櫥窗擋住了。
1．(2014·北京卷)—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I ________(fill) in an application form for a new job.
【答案】am filling
【解析】本題考查動詞時態。句意：「嗨，我們去滑冰吧。」「對不起，我現在正忙著呢。」我正在填一份新工作的申請表。由時間狀語right now可知，在說話這一刻「填表」的動作正在發生，故用現在進行時態。
2．(2014·天津卷)We won't start the work until all the preparations________(make)．
【答案】have been made
【解析】句意：在所有準備工作就緒以後我們才開始工作。在時間、條件狀語從句中，可以用一般現在時、現在完成時表將來。從句中的動作make要先於主句謂語動詞的動作start之前發生，應用現在完成時表將來。
3．(2014·安徽卷)The twins, who________(finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
【答案】had finished
【解析】根據語境可知，完成作業是在were allowed之前發生的動作，屬於「過去的過去」，應使用過去完成時。句意：已完成作業的雙胞胎被允許到操場上打羽毛球。
4．(2014·陝西卷)During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________(recommend)．
5．(2014·湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________(try) to make our environment more beautiful.
【答案】have been trying
【解析】句意：自從人類開創園藝工作以來，我們一直在努力使我們的環境更加美麗。根據時間狀語從句「Since the time」可知，try這一動作從過去一直持續到現在，並且有可能繼續下去，故主句應用現在完成進行時。
6．(2014·江西卷)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I ________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.
【答案】have been cutting
【解析】句意：「Tony，你的眼睛為什麼是紅的？」「剛剛五分鐘我一直在切辣椒。」句中出現的時間狀語為「for the last five minutes」，表示動作發生在過去，到現在已持續一段時間，而且對現在造成了影響。因此，現在完成進行時符合語境。
7．(2014·福建卷)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and________(stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
【答案】stayed
【解析】本題考查時態。句意：「好長時間沒見你了！你去哪裡了？」「我去了寧夏，在那裡待了一年，作為一名志願者教學。」根據句中的關鍵詞went可知stay這一動作也發生在過去，故用一般過去時。延續性動詞如stay，study，live等的一般過去時可與介詞「for＋一段時間」連用。
8．(2014·四川卷)She ________(phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
【答案】was phoning
【解析】句意：當時她正打電話給別人，所以我對她點了點頭，離開了。過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行或發生的動作，其形式為was/were＋現在分詞。根據句意可知，空格處用過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻正發生的動作。
9．(2014·重慶卷)You'd better write down her phone number before you ________(forget) it.
10．(2014·江蘇卷)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media________(cover) it in a variety of forms.
【答案】have covered
【解析】本題考查動詞時態。句意：「你對即將在南京舉行的青奧會了解多少？」「嗯，媒體已經以各種各樣的形式對它進行了報導。」問話人詢問對方了解多少關於青奧會的事情，說明關於青奧會的很多信息已經被對方知道了。而回答者並沒有正面回答，而是說媒體已經報導過很多了，意思是外界都知道青奧會的信息，他就不用回答具體信息了。這裡應該用現在完成時，表示到目前為止媒體已經報導了很多。
模擬訓練
1．—Mum，you should have taken me to the park this morning.
—I had planned to，but I couldn’t afford the time.I ________ a lecture.
A．had given B．gave
C．was giving D．would give
解析：選C。考查動詞時態。句意：——媽媽，今早你本應該帶我去公園的。——我原本計劃是這樣的，但是我沒能抽出時間，當時我在做演講。根據語境可知，表示過去某一時間正在進行的動作，故用過去進行時。
2．—Good evening.I ________to see Miss Mary.
—Oh，good evening.I’m sorry，but she is not in.
A．came B．come
C．have come D．had come
解析：選C。考查動詞時態的用法。選項A表示過去所發生的事情；B項表示經常性或習慣性的動作；C項表示目前的情況和影響；D項時態不符合對話的時間和語境。
3．—Hurry up！Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
—Oh！I thought they ________ without me.
A．went B．are going
C．have gone D．had gone
解析：選D。考查時態。答語句意：我原以為她們不等我就走了呢。「走」和「想」這兩個動作有時間上的先後關係，故用過去完成時。
4．—Tom is so joyful that he smiles at everyone.
—So ________ you if you get the first in the exam.
A．do B．are
C．would D．will
5．—I wonder what makes you a successful manager.
—I ________ as a waiter for five years，which contributes a lot to my today’s work.
A．serve B．have served
C．had served D．served
解析：選D。由第一句「我想知道是什麼讓你成為一位成功的經理」得知對方現在已經是一名經理，那麼下一句的作為一名服務員應該是過去的事情，所以應該用一般過去時，故D項正確。
6．Now the world’s attention ________ the stock markets，as they have a great influence on the world’s economy.
A．is fixing on B．has fixed on
C．is being fixed on D．had been fixed on
解析：選C。考查動詞的時態和語態。fix和attention之間是動賓關係，故排除A、B兩項；再根據now可知，此處應用現在進行時的被動語態。
7．They moved here in 2002.Until then they ________ in the London area.
A．lived B．have lived
C．were living D．had lived
解析：選D。考查動詞時態。根據第一句的時間狀語「in 2002」和第二句中的「Until then」可知，live表示的動作發生在moved這個過去的動作之前，即表示「過去的過去」，要用過去完成時。
8．—Why，Jack，you look so tired!
—Well，I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A．was painting B．will be painting
C．have painted D．have been painting
9．I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.
A．taught B．have taught
C．are taught D．have been taught
解析：選D。考查時態與語態。根據前一分句的時態以及後一分句中many times可知此處用現在完成時；又因為動詞teach與主語they之間為動賓關係，故用被動語態。
10．—Do you think he can get the first prize for jumping?
—Impossible now.He ________ to do so，but he has just hurt his leg.
A．would expect B．was expected
C．has expected D．is expected
解析：選B。句意：——你認為他能在跳遠中得第一名嗎？——現在不可能了。預計他會(得第一名)的，但是他剛剛傷了腿。由語境可知，預計他會得第一，是發生在過去的事，故用一般過去時。
11．Just an hour ago he was telling me on the phone that he ________ home right after the work.
A．comes B．came
C．would come D．will come
解析：選C。考查動詞的時態。句意：就在一個小時之前，他還打電話告訴我說下班後就回家。主句是過去進行時，從句用過去將來時，表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之後。
12．—Jack is always studying hard and does well in all subjects.
—No wonder he ________to be admitted to Beijing University in 2016.
A．is expecting B．will be expected
C．is expected D．will expect
解析：選C。考查動詞的時態與語態。根據對話可知應用一般現在時，Jack被期望2016年考上北京大學，所以應用被動語態。
13．The past two years ________ a sharp rise in oil price，which adds to the burden of auto transportation industry.
A．witnessed B．has witnessed
C．is witnessing D．witnesses
解析：選B。考查動詞的時態。根據從句的時態可排除A項，主句應使用現在完成時態，表示動作已完成，而且這個動作的結果對現在的情況仍有影響。
14. I’m tired out.I________ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A．shopped B．have shopped
C．had shopped D．have been shopping
解析：選D。考查動詞時態。句意：我現在很累。我整個下午一直在購物，我好像什麼事都沒做成似的。由語境可判斷選D項。
15．Whatever you have found，you should give it back to whomever it ________．
A．is belonged to B．is belonging to
C．belonged to D．belongs to
解析：選D。考查主動形式表示被動意義。belong to只能用於主動語態。
16．—Help me out in the kitchen and I ________ you to a cup of coffee.
—Sounds good.
A．will treat B．treat
C．am treating D．have treated
17．It is the first time that________ the right to host the modern Olympics.
A．had had B．has
C．had D．has had
解析：選D。考查動詞的時態。本句是「It is＋the＋first/second/...＋time＋ that從句」句型，從句應用現在完成時，故選D。
18．—I guess you can buy such a smart phone for 300 dollars.
—I could just two months ago，but the price ________ by 20%.
A．went up B．had gone up
C．has gone up D．goes up
解析：選C。考查動詞的時態。根據語境可知，此處是說該款智慧型手機到目前為止價格已上漲20%，因此用現在完成時。
19．Tom is very happy induring this period because his Chinese ________ every day.
A．has improved B．is improving
C．improved D．is improved
20．—Peter! Let’s hurry.The boss is coming.
—Oh，I was afraid that we ________ her.
A．miss B．had missed
C．will miss D．have missed
解析：選B。考查動詞的時態。根據答語「我原本還擔心我們已經錯過(見)她了呢」以及主句的時態可知應用過去完成時。
Ⅰ.語法填空
One day，a poor boy who was trying to earn money by 1 (sell)newspapers，was so hungry 2 he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However，when a 3 (love)young woman opened the door，he asked for a drink of water instead 4 a meal.She thought he looked hungry so she brought 5 (he)a large glass of milk.He drank it slowly，and said「Thank you.」With these words，Howard Kelly left.
Years later the woman became 6 (serious)ill and was finally sent to the hospital where Howard Kelly worked.He，now famous，heard the name of the town 7 she came from.Dressed in his doctor's clothes，Dr.Kelly recognized her at once.He decided to save her life.At last the woman 8 (save)．Dr.Kelly paid the final bill and then wrote something on the side.When the bill was sent to the woman's room，the note on the side of the bill 9 (catch)her attention.She read these 10 (word)：「Paid in full with a glass of milk，Dr.Howard Kelly.」Tears of joy flooded her eyes.
【語篇解讀】 男孩在飢腸轆轆之時得到了一個年輕女子的幫助，由此心存感激。許多年以後，這個小男孩成為一名醫生，並最終挽救了這位患了重病的女子的生命。
1．selling [考查非謂語動詞。介詞by後面接動詞ing形式作賓語。]
2．that [考查連詞。so...that...為固定結構，意為「如此……以至於」。]
3．lovely [考查動詞轉換為形容詞。love為動詞，本題需要用形容詞lovely修飾其後的名詞。]
4．of [考查介詞。instead of為固定的介詞短語，意為「取代」。]
5．him [考查代詞。bring sb.sth.為習慣用法，結合提示詞可知此處應用人稱代詞賓格him。]
6．seriously [考查副詞。空後為形容詞ill，此處應用副詞seriously修飾。]
7．that/which [考查關係代詞。先行詞為「the town」，引導詞在定語從句中作「came from」的賓語，故此處用that或which來引導。]
8．was saved [考查動詞時態和語態。save與the woman之間為動賓關係，結合上下文語境可知此處應用一般過去時的被動語態。]
9．caught [考查動詞時態。文章的主體時態為一般過去時，且此處講述的是過去的事情，故用caught。]
10．words [考查名詞的數。由空格前的these可知，此處應用名詞複數words。] Ⅱ.短文改錯
Last Saturday，I went to the cinema with my parents.When we get there，the hall was full of viewer.We found their seats and soon the film started.However，some of the viewers were talked loudly and even shouting when see some exciting pictures，which affected us badly.What's worse，some other people were eating snacks.When the film was over，the floor was very dirt.
Through this case，we know that they might be rooted causes lying in education.Now formal education just focuses on knowledge or ignores the moral sense of learners.If our education does not improve its moral consciousness，and then we will be unable to come up with proper solutions various problems in real life.
【答案】