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六、形容詞、副詞：
1、形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。
1、形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補足語。
2、形容詞在句子中的位置：
⑴作定語時放在名詞的前面,且音節少的詞放在音節多的詞之前。如：abig yellow wooden wheel(一個黃色的大木輪)
⑵作表語時放在連繫動詞之後。如：The price sounds reasonable.(這個價格聽起來算是合理)
⑶作賓語補足語時放在賓語之後。如：We must try our best to keep our environmentclean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環境清潔)
⑷後置的情況：
①修飾複合不定代詞時放在代詞之後。如：Something serioushas happened to him.(他發生了嚴重的事故)
②與表示「長、寬、高、重、老、遠離」的詞連用時形容詞後置。如：He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres awayfrom the earth.(月球離地38萬公裡)
3、有關形容詞的用法辨析：
⑴ whole與all：記住兩個詞序：① the whole + 名詞； ②all (of) the+ 名詞。如：He was busy the wholemorning.(整個早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能記住學過的所有單詞)
⑵ tall與high, short與low：指人的個子時用tall與short；指其他事物時一般用high與low。如：He’s very tall/short.(他個子高/矮)/ Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的兩側有高大的樹木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑶real與true：real一般指東西的真假,譯為「真的」；而true則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為「真實的」。如：This is a real diamond(鑽石) and it’s very expensive.(這是貨真價實的鑽石,非常貴) / --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真實嗎？ 是的,我親耳所聽)
⑷ interested與interesting的區別：interesting指人或東西「有趣的」,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物「感興趣的」,只能作表語。如：The man is very interestingand all the children like him. (這個人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受) / I am interested in science.(我對自然科學感興趣)
⑸ such用法： such + a(n) + 名詞(單數)(+that從句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的)boy.(我從來沒有見過這麼蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accidentthat he could never forget it.(他遭遇了這麼可怕的事故,他永遠也不會忘記)
⑹ good與well：表示「好」時,作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well；表示「(身體)好」時用well.如：Doing sports is goodfor us.(進行運動對我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學習,天天向上) / --How are you?—I am very well.(你好嗎？我很好。)
⑺ nice與fine：的區別：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等；fine一般指身體或天氣好。如：Let’s go and share(分享)the nice cake.(我們去分享那塊美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是個漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天氣！) /He’s fine recently(最近).(近來他身體不錯)
⑻ too much與much too：too much表示「太多的」,修飾事物數量；much too表示「太過,過分」,修飾形容詞或副詞。如：I am full because I have had too muchrice.(我飽了,因為我吃了太多的米飯) / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太貴了)
⑼ quick、fast與soon：quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應速度快,fast往往指運動速度快,而soon則表示時間上很快即將發生。如：After a quickbreakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火車比公共汽車快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父親很快就要返回中國)
⑽lonely與alone：lonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,意思是：「孤獨的,寂寞的」,作定語或表語；alone的意思是：「獨自的,單獨的」,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。如：He lives alonebut he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人獨住,但是並不感到孤獨)/ He is a lonely person.You can not easily get on well with him.(他是個孤獨的人,你要和他相處好實在不易)
⑾ other與else的區別：兩個詞都可以作形容詞,但是用法不同,other放在名詞前；else修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,後置,另外,or else表示「否則」,是連詞。如：The otherstudentsare on the playground.(其他學生在操場上) / Whoelse can work out this maths problem?(還有誰能解出著道數學題？) / This is nobodyelse’s money. It’s mine.(這不是別的什麼人的錢,是我的。) / Do you have anythingelse to say for yourself?(你還有什麼要為自己說的嗎？
⑿ special與especial的區別：表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時,兩個詞可互換,但special較為常用。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如： She pays (e)specialattention to clothes.(她非常注重著裝) / These are special chairs for small children.(這些是專門給小孩子的椅子)
⒀gone、lost、missing的區別：gone表示「丟了,沒了」,含一去不復返的意思,也可以表示「死了」,作表語或賓補,不可以作定語；lost表示「丟失」,含難以找回的意思,可作定語、表語或賓補；missing表示「失蹤了,不見了」,強調某人物不在原處,可作定語、表語或賓補。如：My fever(高燒) is gone, but I still have a cough.(發燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽)/ The parents found the lost child at last.(家長終於找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away?(我的字典不見了,誰拿走了？) / For more detailed information(詳情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(網址).(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請訪問我們的網站)
⒁ living、alive、live、lively的區別：四個詞都來源於動詞live「生活、居住」。
living讀[『liviN]有三個意思：①「活著的、現存的」,作表語或定語,②「一模一樣的、逼真的」,③相當於lively,意思是「強烈的、活潑的」；
live讀[laiv],指東西「活的」,可以替換為living；
alive讀[[『laiv]作表語,指人「活著的」,如果作定語,則放在名詞的後面；
lively讀[『laivli]有三個意思：①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②(色彩)鮮豔的,③生動的、真實的。
例如：A livinglanguage should be learned orally(口頭上).(活的語言應該從口頭上學)(被動句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我們強烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她還活著嗎？) / They are the happiest children alive.(他們是活著的最開心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(這是條活魚) / A live wire(電線) is dangerous.(有電的電線是危險的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小貓).(她像小貓一樣可愛) / He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生動地描述了那場足球賽)
⒂ sick與ill區別：sick和ill都表示「生病的」,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語。如：He has been ill/sickfor a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,現在非常虛弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets』 owners like them.(獸醫幫助診治患病的寵物,很受寵物主人們的喜愛)
⒃ the poor(窮人們) / the rich(富人們)等用法：「the+形容詞」這一結構可以表示一類人物,複數含義。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應該盡力幫助窮人們)/ The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢人哪知窮人怎麼過日子)
2、副詞：用來說明事情發生的時間、地點、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。
1、副詞的分類：(見下表)
2、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：
⑴作狀語：
① 時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動詞的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長城)/ They have already been to the UK twice.(他們去過英王國兩次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
② 頻度副詞：一般放在be動詞之後或者助動詞與主要動詞之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：SometimesI get up early.(我有時起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠裡吃午飯) / Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃兩次)
③ 方式副詞：一般放在行為動之後,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動詞之前。如：Old people can hardly walk asquickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞裡,他看見了一絲亮光)
④ 地點副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如：Thereyou can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那裡,你可以看到成千上萬的自行車朝各個方向流動) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)
⑤ 程度副詞：修飾動詞時,放在動詞之前；修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動詞的後面；only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：I nearlyforgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我幾乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那麼奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕到車站趕上了首班車)
⑥ 疑問副詞：用於對句子的狀語進行提問,位置總是在句首。如：When and wherewere you born?(你何時何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛迪生為什麼要坐在雞蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！)
⑦ 連接副詞：用來引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作狀語。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那隻貓還是個問題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)/ He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)
⑧ 關係副詞：用來引導定語從句,在從句中作狀語。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經住過的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請告訴我你的英語是怎樣學得這麼好的方法)
⑨ 其它副詞：too「也」,用在句尾；also放在動詞前；either「也不」,放在句尾；nor「也不」,放在句首；so「如此,這樣」,放在形容詞、副詞前；on/off「開/關」放在動詞之後；not放在be之後、助動詞之後、不定式或動名詞之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或動詞之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的裡邊衣袋裡) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計算機,我也沒有。)
(2)作表語：地點副詞一般可以作表語,放在be等連繫動詞之後,說明人物所處的位置。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t inat the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開家鄉有將近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)
(3)作定語：時間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的後面。如：People nowoften have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現在的人們經常在餐館裡吃節日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀20年代那兒的女人過著可怕的日子)
(4)作賓語補足語：地點副詞一般可以作賓語補足語。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的髒襪子拿開！它們在散發著臭氣。)/ Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關在家裡做作業)
[注意] 「動詞+副詞」的賓語如果是代詞,則該副詞應該放在代詞之後。如：He wrote downthe word.(他寫下了那個詞。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫了下來。)
3、有關副詞的重要注釋：
⑴ as…as…常構成一些詞組：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(儘可能……地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請你一到北京就給我寫信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly aspossible.(高小姐儘快地趕到了校門口。)
[注釋]「as long / much as + 名詞」可以表示「長達/多達…」的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費高達50萬元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞裡長達兩周。)
⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法：①「一段時間+later/ago」分別表示「(多久)以後/以前」,主要用於過去時態。②「after/before+某個時刻」分別表示「在某時刻之後/之前」,此時兩個詞是介詞。③ago與before：ago只能用於過去時,before用於完成時。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數年後這個男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been therebefore?(你從前到過那兒嗎？)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(過了幾年他戒了煙。)
⑶ above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高掛在空中)/ A plane flew over quickly.(一架飛機從頭頂飛過。)
當above、below、over、under是介詞性質時,意義相似。
⑷ too、also、either、nor的用法：too(「也」)用於肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開；also(「也」)用於肯定句句子謂語動詞之前；either(「也」)用於否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開；nor(「也不」)用於倒裝句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。)/ He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發覺那個市場很好。)
⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough(「足夠,十分」)放在形容詞或副詞之後；too(「太」)、very(「非常」)、quite(「相當」)、so(「如此地」)等放在形容詞或副詞之前,very much(「非常」)放在動詞之後。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那麼貴/非常貴/相當貴。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)
[注意]very與much的區別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級；much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動詞,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學習更努力,不然你考不進那所好學校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)
⑹ sometimes、sometime、 sometimes 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用於一般現在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用於將來時、 sometimes(數次)表示次數、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時徒步旅行到山裡去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會在這兒呆些時候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什麼時候要見見你的父親。)
⑺ how、what用於感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進行感嘆用what.如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!((問題)真難呀！)
⑻ already、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用於肯定句,yet一般用於否定句和疑問句。如：Have you done it already?(你已經做好了？)/ I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。)
⑼ hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：「努力地,猛烈地」,hardly是否定詞,意思是：「幾乎不」,一般與情態動詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語學得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人隨地吐痰)
⑽like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三個短語分別表示「非常喜歡」、「更喜歡」、「最喜歡」。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.
⑾「quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞」的用法：記住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容詞+名詞;②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞;③rather+a+形容詞+名詞 = a+ rather+形容詞+名詞。如：I have never seen sucha strange guy(傢伙).(我從未見過這樣奇怪的傢伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子)
⑿ how的幾個短語：how often「多常,每隔多久」,用於一般時態,對表示頻度的詞語進行提問； how soon「多久以後」,用於將來時態； how long「多久」,用於過去時、完成時或其他時態； how many times「多少次」,用於過去時或完成時,對總計次數進行提問； how much「多麼,多少」,對程度進行提問,也可以對數量(不可數)或金錢進行提問。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？)
⒀ much、more與most的用法：這三個詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語之外,還是程度副詞,much表示「很」,修飾原級形/副,more表示「更」用來構成多音節形/副的比較級,most表示「最」用來構成多音節形/副的最高級。此外,much也可以修飾比較級形/副。如：This park is muchmorebeautiful than that one.(這個公園比那個漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有教育意義的電影)
⒁ no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法：表示時間,可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer只能放在謂語動詞之前；表示程度,可以用no more、not...any more.如：He no longerlived there.(他不再住在那裡) / Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn』 t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽菸)
⒂ 被動語態中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語動詞之間。如： The runner was badlyhurt.(賽跑運動員受了重傷) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語說得很廣泛)
⒃ too...to...與so...that...的問題：副詞too/so後面跟形容詞或副詞,to後面跟動詞,that後面跟從句。Too...to...(「太.……以致不……」)是否定的結構,用於簡單句；so...that...(「如此…以致…」)是肯定結構,用於複合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這麼強壯,搬得動那個重箱子。)
⒄ 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a longholiday.(那是個長假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會找到辦法)/ He is a very hard(難對付的) person.(他是個難玩的傢伙)
⒅ farther與further的用法區別：表示地點、方向或距離時兩個詞同義,意思為「更遠、較遠」,但是further還表示「更多、進一步、額外」等意思,此時不能換為farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他們決定第二天走得再遠些)/ This problem will be furtherdiscussed.(這個問題還要進一步討論)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他們每個人大學畢業後繼續進修)
⒆ rather與quite的用法區別：同very一樣,兩個詞都表示形容詞或副詞的程度,quite表示「不到最高程度但是比預料的好」,rather比quite更接近very的含義,含有令人驚訝的意思。見下圖對「nice」程度的描繪：
not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice very nice
如：It’s quite a nice film.(這是部好片子)。(可能意味著不是一部最好的電影) / It’srather a nice film.(這是部很不錯的電影。)(意味著比大多數電影都好)
[注意]注意quite與rather後面的次序詞序。
⒇ maybe、possibly、perhaps的區別：maybe「可能、也許」,比另外兩個詞更不正式、更隨便、可能性不大；possibly「可能地、或者、也許」,可能性較大,在否定句和疑問句中表示「無論如何」；perhaps「可能」,較為常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe.(也許你可以把它放在那邊)/ I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在這麼短的時間內完成這麼長的一本書)/ I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以為那也許就是你期盼的信件)
(21) most、mostly的區別：most作為形容詞和名詞時意思是「大多數的、大部分的」,作為副詞時意思為「最,十分、很」；mostly僅為副詞,意思為「主要地、多半地、大部分地」。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空時大部分時間都在家)Mostchildren are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘氣)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(這是電影中最令人興奮的部分)/She is mostlyout on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)
(22)(be) worth、(be) worthy of的區別：worth一般被看作是介詞,後面接名詞或者動名詞,用主動表示被動含義,還可以用副詞well修飾；worthy of表示「值得的、配得上的」,後面跟動名詞的被動形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做). /The house is worth￥300,000.(房子價值30萬元)/ This book is well worth reading several times.(這本書值得好好讀幾遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen.(這是一個值得看的東西)
(23)almost、nearly的區別：兩個詞意思相近,都表示「幾乎、將近」,大多數情況下可以互換,與否定詞連用時用almost不用nearly. almost no相當於hardly any(幾乎沒有)。如：He had done almost nothing today.(他今天幾乎沒有幹什麼)/ We are almost/nearly there.(我們幾乎就到那裡了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(幾乎沒有人懂他的話)
(24) a bit與a little的區別：這兩個名詞短語經常當作副詞使用,修飾形容詞或副詞的原級或比較級,可以互換,語氣比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little)expensive.(這臺數位相機有點貴)/ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了點)
另外,a little可以直接加不可數名詞,a bit 則採用「a bit + of +名詞(不可數或可數名詞複數)」的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold.(我有點感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me, please.(請你去給我搞點水來)
[注意]not a bit(=not at all)意為「根本不」,而 not a little則意為「非常,不是一點」。
3、形容詞、 副詞的原級、比較級和最高級
1、分類：形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級三級。
原級變為比較級和最高級有規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
2、規則變化:
(1)單音節和部分雙音節形容詞和副詞,在原級的後面加上er,est構成比較級和最高級。
a)直接加er,est ：
b)以重讀閉音節結尾的,要雙寫最後一個輔音字母,後加er,est：
c)以輔音字母+y結尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：
(2)兩個音節或兩個以上的音節的,在原級前加more/ most.
3、不規則變化:
4、形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法：
(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級。基本句型是：
主語(sb./sth)+ 謂語動詞+ (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容詞/副詞原級+….
如：He is very oldnow.(他現在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂)
☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型：
主語(第一個人物)+ 謂語動詞+ as + 形容詞/副詞原級+ as + 第二個人物+….
如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他們摘的蘋果和農民一樣多)
☆表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型：
主語(第一個人物)+ 謂語動詞(否定式)+ as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級+ as + 第二個人物+….
如：He isnot so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他妹妹那麼興奮) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農民多)
(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級。基本句型：
主語(『A』)+謂語動詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+第二個人物(『B』)+….
如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(現代的火車比轎車快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(這本書花費我的錢不比那本多)
講述兩者有差異,第一個人物不及第二個人物時,用比較級。句型是：
主語(『A』)+ 謂語動詞 + less+ (多音節形/副)比較級+ than + 第二個人物(『B』) +….
如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認為英語不比數學難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認為學外語不那麼重要嗎？)
(3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。句型是：
主語(sb./sth)+ 謂語動詞+(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級+in / of ….
如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(長江是中國最長的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三個男生中他跳得最高)
4、關於比較等級的重要注釋：
1、以上六個句型中,如果動詞是及物或不及物動詞,則後面用副詞；如果後面是連繫動詞,則後面用形容詞。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中跑得最快的)
2、「比較級+and+比較級」表示「越來越……」。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越來越溫暖了)
3、「the+比較級…,the+比較級…」表示「越…就越…」。如：The moretrees we plant,the better it will be.(我們栽的樹越多,情況就會越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進步就越大)
4、一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示數量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如：It is much coldertoday than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？)/He did not eat any more.(他沒有再吃)
5、more than / less than分別可以理解為「多於/少於」,相當於副詞,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York formore than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個多月)
6、「one of the+最高級+名詞(複數)」整個短語為單數含義,謂語要用單數形式。如：One of the oldest houseshas been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場大火中被燒毀了)
7、「Which / Who+動詞+形/副,□,□or□?」句型中,如果有兩個選項,形/副用比較級,如果有三個選項,形/副用最高級。如：Who has morebooks, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個最重？)
8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個事物的詞時,用比較級,而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every等表示三個或三個以上事物時,用最高級。如： --Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一點的那個你喜歡嗎？一個都不喜歡)/ --Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜歡哪個？全部。)